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An Illusory March towards Equality between Women and Men 实现男女平等的虚幻进军
Travail et Emploi Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.4000/TRAVAILEMPLOI.10039
A. Lambert, Delphine Rémillon
{"title":"An Illusory March towards Equality between Women and Men","authors":"A. Lambert, Delphine Rémillon","doi":"10.4000/TRAVAILEMPLOI.10039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/TRAVAILEMPLOI.10039","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a comparative analysis of the careers of men and women flight attendants in air transport. Using personnel records, collective agreements and interviews with flight attendants, we show that the picture of improvements in career equality in the airline studied here is illusory. For earlier cohorts, the massive prevalence of women as flight attendants has been accompanied by growing access to positions of in-flight responsibility (cabin manager) and on the ground (base manager), while repeated cross-sectional data indicate a narrowing of the gap between men and women in entry and exit conditions over time. However, our longitudinal analysis of a cohort of flight attendants who entered the company more recently (between 1998 and 2001) reveals gender inequalities in the likelihood of promotion, to the disadvantage of women. Career models are also highly gendered, with women notably more likely to work part-time. Rather than countering this tendency, the shift from a system of promotion based on seniority to one based more “on choice” reinforces gender inequalities, contrary to the claims associated with the equal-opportunity policy implemented by the airline, as of the early 2000s. This is because the new system is more heavily based on employees’ investment in the company throughout their careers, and thus on “biographical availability”, which is greater among men than women.","PeriodicalId":35207,"journal":{"name":"Travail et Emploi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45056662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Results of a Quantitative Assessment of France’s Garantie Jeunes Programme 法国青年保障方案的数量评估结果
Travail et Emploi Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.4000/TRAVAILEMPLOI.10014
M. Gaini, Marine Guillerm, Solène Hilary, Emmanuel Valat, Philippe Zamora
{"title":"Results of a Quantitative Assessment of France’s Garantie Jeunes Programme","authors":"M. Gaini, Marine Guillerm, Solène Hilary, Emmanuel Valat, Philippe Zamora","doi":"10.4000/TRAVAILEMPLOI.10014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/TRAVAILEMPLOI.10014","url":null,"abstract":"France’s Garantie jeunes (“Youth Guarantee”, GJ) is a local support programme that targets young people who are in precarious situations and neither in employment, education, or training. It was set up in October 2013, initially on a trial basis. This article presents the results of a quantitative evaluation of the scheme. A panel survey conducted among young people who participated from the beginning of the trial in the areas first trialling Garantie jeunes reveals a very fragile population. The programme offers a high level of support, especially during the collective phase at the start. The evaluation of the scheme takes into account the fact that it was initially set up in only part of the country. Estimates concerning the participants in the first Garantie jeunes target areas indicate that the programme has had an impact on their life trajectories. It has intensified support and has had an impact on beneficiaries’ employment rates, an impact that continues in the months following the end of support.","PeriodicalId":35207,"journal":{"name":"Travail et Emploi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47127656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mompreneurs Mompreneurs
Travail et Emploi Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.4000/travailemploi.10041
Julie Landour
{"title":"Mompreneurs","authors":"Julie Landour","doi":"10.4000/travailemploi.10041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/travailemploi.10041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35207,"journal":{"name":"Travail et Emploi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70079861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Economic Mechanisms Explaining Low Wages in the Personal Services Sector 解释个人服务业低工资的经济机制
Travail et Emploi Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.4000/TRAVAILEMPLOI.10026
François-Xavier Devetter, Emmanuelle Puissant
{"title":"Economic Mechanisms Explaining Low Wages in the Personal Services Sector","authors":"François-Xavier Devetter, Emmanuelle Puissant","doi":"10.4000/TRAVAILEMPLOI.10026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/TRAVAILEMPLOI.10026","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to show how low wages in home help services, a sector where jobs are considered “low-skilled”, result from an array of mechanisms that themselves are the fruit of a socio-political and socio-economic construction. These mechanisms flow from both public and private strategies, which we seek to clarify by synthesising empirical work in the field of personal services. Three mechanisms involved in the non-recognition of these professions are identified (denying or reducing the “qualities” used; developing an abundant labour supply; and dividing the workforce), with each of these being applied in both national policy guidelines and employer human resources strategies. The home help sector appears to be illustrative of trends at work in many other highly feminised service activities (cleaning, hotel and catering, and retail).","PeriodicalId":35207,"journal":{"name":"Travail et Emploi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45122151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
La grande mobilité géographique domicile-travail : l’inscription spatiale des inégalités entre travailleurs 家庭和工作之间的高地理流动性:工人之间不平等的空间登记
Travail et Emploi Pub Date : 2019-12-02 DOI: 10.4000/travailemploi.9617
Thomas Sigaud
{"title":"La grande mobilité géographique domicile-travail : l’inscription spatiale des inégalités entre travailleurs","authors":"Thomas Sigaud","doi":"10.4000/travailemploi.9617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/travailemploi.9617","url":null,"abstract":"Alors que se multiplient les injonctions à la mobilité géographique des travailleurs, les grandes mobilités domicile-travail sont encore mal connues et souvent ramenées à un simple arbitrage professionnel. En exploitant le Recensement de la population 2015, l’article propose une définition de la grande mobilité domicile-travail qui permet d’identifier, décrire et localiser près de 500 000 grands mobiles en France métropolitaine. Loin d’être une ressource univoque qui serait au service des travailleurs, la grande mobilité reproduit les segmentations socioprofessionnelles et spatiales qui structurent les inégalités entre travailleurs et révèle le jeu notamment des inégalités de genre.","PeriodicalId":35207,"journal":{"name":"Travail et Emploi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45444422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Luc Sigalo Santos, L’Administration des vocations. Enquête sur le traitement public du chômage artistique 卢克·西加洛·桑托斯，职业管理。调查公众对艺术失业的处理
Travail et Emploi Pub Date : 2019-12-02 DOI: 10.4000/travailemploi.9706
Lorenzo Barrault-Stella
{"title":"Luc Sigalo Santos, L’Administration des vocations. Enquête sur le traitement public du chômage artistique","authors":"Lorenzo Barrault-Stella","doi":"10.4000/travailemploi.9706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/travailemploi.9706","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35207,"journal":{"name":"Travail et Emploi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45824268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Une analyse spatiale des mouvements de l’emploi et de la population en France 法国就业和人口流动的空间分析
Travail et Emploi Pub Date : 2019-12-02 DOI: 10.4000/travailemploi.9502
Émilie Arnoult, R. Duhautois
{"title":"Une analyse spatiale des mouvements de l’emploi et de la population en France","authors":"Émilie Arnoult, R. Duhautois","doi":"10.4000/travailemploi.9502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/travailemploi.9502","url":null,"abstract":"s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151","PeriodicalId":35207,"journal":{"name":"Travail et Emploi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49379442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Mobilités géographiques, emplois et inégalités 地理流动性、就业和不平等
Travail et Emploi Pub Date : 2019-12-02 DOI: 10.4000/travailemploi.9497
C. Brunet, Géraldine Rieucau
{"title":"Mobilités géographiques, emplois et inégalités","authors":"C. Brunet, Géraldine Rieucau","doi":"10.4000/travailemploi.9497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/travailemploi.9497","url":null,"abstract":"Croisant des enjeux sociaux, économiques, technologiques, environnementaux, politiques et philosophiques, la question de la mobilité occupe un rôle central dans les sociétés et les économies contemporaines. Si de nombreux travaux en sciences sociales, émanant notamment de sociologues et de géographes, mettent en avant les ambiguïtés et les paradoxes attachés aux concepts et aux pratiques de mobilité, voire s’en font les critiques, les approches économiques se distinguent en en soulignant plus souvent les connotations favorables. Cela est particulièrement vrai s’agissant de la mobilité du travail, dont la nécessité et le rôle positif sont d’autant plus mis en exergue que l’on s’éloigne du modèle salarial hérité des Trente Glorieuses, reposant sur un emploi fixe dans un lieu fixe. En prenant appui sur les apports de diverses disciplines (en premier lieu de l’économie et de la sociologie), ce numéro spécial de Travail et Emploi propose un éclairage sur les déclinaisons géographiques de la mobilité du travail, en tenant compte de ses ambiguïtés et de ses articulations avec les inégalités sociales. Ce faisant, il invite à questionner les politiques publiques en matière de mobilités. Les articles rassemblés permettent d’identifier sous des formes renouvelées les différenciations sociales et économiques liées à l’emploi en matière de mobilité. Ils mettent en avant les différences de maîtrise et les effets polarisés de la mobilité, ou de son absence, selon l’appartenance de genre ou l’origine sociale. Les contributions à ce numéro apportent ainsi des éléments pour repenser une conception de la mobilité qui tend à faire reposer sur les travailleurs et les travailleuses des « périphéries » (banlieues, territoires non métropolitains, marges du marché du travail, femmes), les ajustements aux besoins du marché du travail.","PeriodicalId":35207,"journal":{"name":"Travail et Emploi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45691423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Valérie Cohen, Xavier Dunezat, Quand des chômeurs se mobilisent… valerie Cohen, Xavier Dunezat，当失业者动员起来的时候…
Travail et Emploi Pub Date : 2019-12-02 DOI: 10.4000/travailemploi.9687
Charles Berthonneau
{"title":"Valérie Cohen, Xavier Dunezat, Quand des chômeurs se mobilisent…","authors":"Charles Berthonneau","doi":"10.4000/travailemploi.9687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/travailemploi.9687","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35207,"journal":{"name":"Travail et Emploi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45313806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Motivation prosociale et don de travail : une comparaison entre le secteur privé et la fonction publique d’État en France 亲社会动机与劳动捐赠:法国私营部门与国家公务员制度的比较
Travail et Emploi Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.4000/travailemploi.9284
P. Lemoyne
{"title":"Motivation prosociale et don de travail : une comparaison entre le secteur privé et la fonction publique d’État en France","authors":"P. Lemoyne","doi":"10.4000/travailemploi.9284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/travailemploi.9284","url":null,"abstract":"Par l’analyse du lien entre heures supplementaires impayees et nature de l’employeur, nous cherchons a identifier l’existence d’une forme de motivation prosociale specifique au secteur public. S’interesser au comportement des agents du secteur public, fournisseurs de biens et services a caractere social et collectif, permet de tester la theorie du don de travail d’Anne E. Preston (1989). Nos resultats revelent une absence de difference dans la frequence d’offre d’heures supplementaires non remunerees entre les salaries des secteurs public et prive dans les donnees de l’enquete Changements organisationnels et informatisation (COI) 2006. Cependant, nous montrons que ces heures ne s’expliquent pas par les memes facteurs au sein des deux secteurs et qu’elles ne sont pas le produit des memes methodes de management des ressources humaines. L’incitation a l’effort y prendrait des formes compatibles avec des sources de motivations de nature differente, ce qui invite a la prudence dans la mise en œuvre eventuelle des methodes du nouveau management public, qui sont importees du secteur prive.","PeriodicalId":35207,"journal":{"name":"Travail et Emploi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44972922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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