Journal of Colloid and Interface Science最新文献

{"title":"Polyamides with butterfly-like monomer optimizing electron and ion transport for high-performance electrochromic supercapacitors, thermal management and dual encryption.","authors":"Chunli Ma, Minghao Zhai, Hongting Han, Wanan Cai, Tingting Zhou, Haijun Niu, Wen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The multifunctional electroactive polymers capable of integrating optical modulation, energy storage and thermal regulation are crucial to next-generation optoelectronic devices. However, color changing slowly and long-term instability obstruct the development of electrochromic (EC) materials. Specifically, the influence factor of molecular structure on on-off velocity and degradation is vague until now. To explore the intrinsic mechanism, a diamine monomer combining planar acridine with three-dimensional (3D) triphenylamine (TPA), and a series of related polyamides (PAs) were designed and synthesized. The planar acridine is used for transfer electrons, while the 3D architecture is aimed at ion diffusion. The PAs enable applications in EC supercapacitors (ECSCs), solar regulation and information encryption simultaneously. Among the PAs, AD3TPA-SA demonstrates favorable both EC and storage performance, retaining over 60% of its initial optical contrast after 1750 cycles, alongside rapid switching times (colored time t_c = 1.0 s, bleached time t_b = 0.8 s) and a high specific capacitance of 185.6 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1. The AD3TPA-OA‖WO₃·H₂O ECSC device exhibits high optical contrast over the visible, near-infrared (NIR) and solar spectral ranges and delivers an areal capacitance of 3.38 mF cm^-2 at 0.05 mA cm^-2. Moreover, it retains more than 58% of its initial capacitance after 2000 charge-discharge cycles. Planar patterned encryption devices were further developed to offer a promising strategy to realize lightweight, integrated and dynamic anti-counterfeiting. Overall, the integration of planar and nonplanar structural units provides an effective molecular design strategy for constructing multifunctional PAs with synergistic optoelectronic capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"729 ","pages":"141814"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced optoelectronic performance of MoSi₂P₄ and SnS₂ van der Waals heterojunctions for efficient solar energy harvesting.","authors":"Junhua Hao, De-Long Zhang, Zhengjia Wang, Jing Zhang, Shuxin Chen, Yangyang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study systematically investigates the potential of the two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) MoSi₂P₄/SnS₂ for photovoltaic applications. The heterostructure is composed of two monolayers with a lattice mismatch of 6.42%. Among four constructed stacking configurations, the A4 configuration with the lowest binding energy is selected based on binding-energy calculations. This structure exhibits no imaginary phonon frequencies across the entire Brillouin zone, and AIMD simulations confirm its good thermal stability. It also offers synthetic flexibility and tunable properties, making it suitable for advanced functional devices. Band structure calculations using the HSE06 hybrid functional reveal an indirect bandgap of 0.98 eV and a type-II band alignment, which facilitate efficient spatial separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The heterostructure shows excellent optical absorption in the visible region, with an absorption coefficient on the order of 10⁵ cm^-1. Further studies demonstrate that external electric fields and biaxial strain can effectively modulate its optoelectronic performance: tensile strain extends the absorption range into the infrared region, while an applied electric field raises the power conversion efficiency remarkably from 17.2% (under normal conditions) to 31.9%. Overall, these results indicate that the MoSi₂P₄/SnS₂ heterostructure is a promising candidate for high-efficiency optoelectronic devices and offers new insights for the development of tunable photovoltaic cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"728 ","pages":"141771"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafine Ru nanoparticles anchored on B, N co-doped hollow carbon microspheres for boosted hydrogen evolution reaction.","authors":"Xinyue Wen, Wenbo Bi, Meihong Fan, Hui Chen, Xingquan He","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing efficient and durable non‑platinum electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is critically important for sustainable water electrolysis. In this work, we report the synthesis of novel Ru nanoparticles-anchored N, B co-doped hollow carbon microspheres (Ru/N,B-HCMSs) and their application in electrocatalyzing the alkaline HER. The catalyst displays an overpotential of only 32 mV at 10 mA cm^-2, with 5.8-fold higher mass activity relative to commercial Pt/C, and hardly any loss in catalytic activity after 150 h continuous operation at a current density of 100 mA cm^-2. Density functional theory calculations suggest that B doping alters the electronic states of Ru active sites. This doping effect downshifts the d-band center for favorable hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔG_H*), cuts the water dissociation barrier from 1.01 to 0.46 eV, and speeds up electron transfer from Ru toward the carbon support. These combined effects boost HER kinetics and deliver excellent activity as well as durability. This work provides useful insights for designing high performance Ru based electrocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"728 ","pages":"141792"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive electronic modulation via iron mediation: Stabilizing PtCo sites in alloy for enhanced fuel cell performance.","authors":"Bing Liu, Si Lin, Yunlong Zhang, Bo Liu, Miao Ma, Fantao Kong, Lixiao Shen, Pan Guo, Lei Zhao, Zhenbo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-platinum cathodic electrocatalysts are urgently demanded for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) deployment with high intrinsic activity and long-term durability. However, conventional binary PtCo alloys suffer from transition-metal leaching and unfavorable intermediate adsorption. Herein, ternary PtCoFe alloy catalysts featuring competitive electronic modulation are synthesized via an impregnation-reduction route (CE-PtCoFe_0.5). Density functional theory and experimental characterizations reveal strong intraperiod coordination between Fe and Co, where FeCo 3d orbital hybridization far outweighs cross-period PtCo interaction. Preferential electron redistribution in FeCo modulates Co electron density and reduces Co-to-Pt charge transfer, enabling competitive electronic modulation distinct from main charge migration in PtCo. Such modulation upshifts the Pt d-band center to balance intermediate adsorption and elevates Pt/Co vacancy formation energies, suppressing metal dissolution and structural degradation. The optimized CE-PtCoFe_0.5 delivers a high half-wave potential of 0.938 V, an electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of 122.14 m² g_Pt^-1, and a mass activity of 0.82 A mg_Pt^-1, exceeding binary PtCo and commercial Pt/C. In PEMFCs tests, it achieves a maximum power density of 2.42 W cm^-2 (H₂-O₂) and 1.68 W cm^-2 (H₂-air), showing merely 19.4% peak-power decay after 30, 000 accelerated cycles with negligible particle growth and well-preserved lattice features. This work offers a facile and reliable ternary alloying strategy for the rational design of high-stability low-Pt cathodic catalysts toward PEMFCs applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"729 ","pages":"141811"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-in-one wood-based evaporator for enhanced solar-driven interfacial evaporation and photocatalytic antibiotic degradation.","authors":"Chang Ma, Xinyu An, Minghui Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is regarded as an ideal solution for alleviating the global freshwater shortage. However, evaporation alone is insufficient to address the increasingly severe challenge of water pollution. Herein, an all-in-one wood-based evaporator (BCN@SCDBW) was successfully fabricated by integrating interfacial evaporation and photocatalytic degradation functions onto wood, using delignified balsa wood as a substrate, through surface carbonization and ultrasonic-assisted deposition of black graphitic carbon nitride (BCN). BCN@SCDBW exhibited a light absorption up to 88.3% across the entire wavelength range, with its evaporation rate of 2.21 kg m^-2 h^-1 under one sun irradiation. BCN@SCDBW exhibited a vaporization enthalpy as low as 1422 J g^-1, which stemmed from noncovalent interactions between hydrophilic groups and water molecules, significantly increased the proportion of intermediate water. Moreover, BCN@SCDBW demonstrated outstanding salt-resistance in 15 wt% NaCl solution, and freshwater produced by evaporation from seawater met WHO and EPA standards, and achieved effective purification of various wastewater. More importantly, BCN@SCDBW successfully suppressed the recombination of photo-generated carriers produced from BCN, thereby significantly enhancing the photocatalytic degradation performance. This resulted in a 91% degradation efficiency of tetracycline within 60 min, with ·OH and ·O₂^- identified as the main radicals involved in photocatalytic degradation process. This work provides a new concept for developing multifunctional wood-based solar-driven interfacial evaporators.</p>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"728 ","pages":"141809"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular-level interfacial engineering unlocking Na₃Zr₂Si₂PO₁₂/poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) composite electrolytes toward quasi-solid-state sodium metal batteries.","authors":"Huan Shi, Changliang Wu, Jingpeng Zhang, Hao Liu, Xijin Xu, Linrui Hou, Changzhou Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Composite solid-state electrolytes (CSSEs) are a promising candidate for quasi-solid-state sodium metal batteries (QSSSMBs) by combining the advantages of ceramic electrolytes and solid polymer electrolytes. However, poor interfacial compatibility between ceramic and polymer components greatly limits their full potential. Herein, we design and fabricate a CSSE by solution-casting a suspension containing polydopamine (PDA)-modified Na₃Zr₂Si₂PO₁₂ (NZSP), denoted as PDA@NZSP, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and NaClO₄. The PDA coating acts as an amphiphilic interfacial bridge improving the interfacial compatibility between inorganic filler and polymer matrix, which promotes a more homogeneous distribution of PDA@NZSP and facilitates interfacial Na⁺ transport. The polar groups of PDA reconstruct the local Na⁺ClO₄^- coordination environment, suppress salt crystallization, and favor the formation of more weakly associated Na⁺ species, contributing to a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 0.233 mS cm^-1 and a Na⁺ transference number of 0.73. Depth-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of cycled Na anodes further reveals that PDA@NZSP modification is associated with a distinct distribution of NO-containing and fluorinated interphase species compared with pristine NZSP. Together with the favorable interfacial-resistance evolution and long-term Na plating/stripping behavior, these results demonstrate improved Na/electrolyte interfacial stability in the optimized CSSE-based quasi-solid-state configuration.</p>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"728 ","pages":"141800"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High valence pillar engineering toward near-zero-strain structural reversibility in high entropy layered oxide cathode.","authors":"Mengting Du, Qiaoling Kang, Xiaoyu Wang, Rui Wang, Lijing Yan, Quan Zong, Guoying Wei, Meiqiang Fan, Chengbin Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>O3-type layered oxides are attractive cathode candidates for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their favorable energy density and straightforward synthesis. However, such materials undergo intricate phase transformations and pronounced structural degradation, leading to rapid electrode failure. Herein, a near-zero-strain high-entropy Na_0.95Fe_0.2Co_0.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.2Ti_0.15Sb_0.05O₂ (denoted as Sb-FCNMT) is designed by introducing high-valence cation dopants. Specifically, the doped Sb⁵⁺ shortens the transition metal‑oxygen bond length to form the strong SbO covalent bonds, which effectively anchor the transition metal layers. Detrimental phase transformations and lattice mismatch are suppressed, and near-zero-strain structural reversibility is achieved. Furthermore, Sb doping creates a hydrophobic passivation layer that mitigates air sensitivity, while concurrently expanding the O-Na-O channels to reduce Na⁺ migration energy barrier and interfacial impedance. Notably, the Sb-FCNMT cathode delivers a high initial capacity of 138.2 mAh g^-1 with 88.3% retention after 100 cycles at 0.1C, along with excellent wide-temperature adaptability, outstanding air stability and full cell performance. This high-valence cation doping strategy opens new avenues for designing robust O3-type cathodes toward practical sodium-ion battery applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"728 ","pages":"141798"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Π-antibonding coupling mediated regeneration strategy for efficient direct regeneration of degraded O3-type cathode materials from sodium-ion batteries.","authors":"Qingfeng Liu, Yuyun Li, Jinhua Shi, Fanbin Hu, Jiahan Qi, Yun Shen, Changjiang Li, Haigang Dong, Qi Meng, Yingjie Zhang, Peng Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the advancement of the application of sodium ion batteries in large-scale energy storage and low-cost power scenarios, the direct regeneration of degraded layered oxide cathodes is of great significance for promoting the healthy development of the sodium-ion batteries industry chain. However, existing direct regeneration is limited by the dual challenges of orbital repulsion associated with the surface rock-salt phase and persistent bulk lattice distortion, which limit deep structural repair and hinder practical engineering applications. Therefore, this paper proposes a regeneration strategy mediated by π-antibonding coupling to achieve efficient direct regeneration of degraded O3-type NaNi_0.33Fe_0.33Mn_0.33O₂ (NFM) cathode materials, simultaneously achieving the dual goals of bulk lattice stability and surface structure reconstruction. In this work, π-antibonding coupling describes the π-symmetry hybridization between O 2p and transition-metal 3d t_2g orbitals, with emphasis on the resulting π-antibonding states. V⁵⁺ incorporation modulates this interaction and thereby redistributes the electron density within the oxygen layers. Furthermore, the oxygen-layer sliding energy barrier is effectively reduced, which drives the transformation of the surface rock salt phase into the active P2 phase. The ion diffusion and migration channels are opened up during the regeneration process, which promotes the migration of Na⁺, Li⁺, and Sn⁴⁺ into the bulk phase. The final formation is a composite structure of O3 bulk element gradient doping and surface P2 phase hinge. The volume change of the unit cell of the regenerated cathode material during charging and discharging is controlled at 2.57%, and the interface charge transfer resistance and Na⁺ diffusion resistance are significantly reduced. The regenerated cathode delivers an initial discharge specific capacity of 159.8 mAh g^-1 at 0.1C. At 1C, it retains 82.6% (±0.1%) of its initial capacity after 500 cycles. This work provides a feasible strategy for the direct regeneration of degraded cathode materials from spent sodium-ion batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"728 ","pages":"141777"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From singular jets to compound droplets: Viscosity and inertia control of immiscible drop-pool impact dynamics.","authors":"Hyunji Lee, Choongyeop Lee, Hyungmin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Secondary-droplet composition in immiscible drop-pool impact is hypothesized to be governed by the relative motion of the oil-air and oil-water interfaces formed at the tip and inside the jet, respectively. Increasing oil (droplet) viscosity should reduce this relative motion and favor compound oil-water droplets, while crown breakup may provide an additional high-inertia route to their formation.</p><p><strong>Experiments: </strong>Silicone-oil droplet (2.7-2.8 mm in diameter) with dynamic viscosity in the range of 0.49-96.3 mPa · s, impacts a deep-water pool at 1.6-4.4 m/s, covering Froude and Ohnesorge numbers of 99-727 and 0.003-0.4, respectively. High-speed shadowgraphy and tracer-particle visualization, with tracers dispersed only in the water phase, are used to track both interfaces and identify secondary-droplet composition.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Based on jet morphology and secondary-droplet composition, four regimes were identified: (i) a short jet without pinch-off, (ii) a singular jet, (iii) an oil-dominated secondary-droplet regime, and (iv) a compound secondary-droplet regime. Following the inertia-driven crater, the subsequent collapse-to-jet transition was strongly affected by oil viscosity. Increasing viscosity limited the stretching of the oil-rich portion in the jet, resulting in the thick jet. This shifted the location of primary pinch-off from the internal interface (oil secondary droplet) to the water-containing lower portion of the jet (compound one). At sufficiently high impact inertia, crown breakup provided an additional route to compound-droplet formation. These new findings establish a direct link between the coupled kinematics of the oil-air and oil-water interfaces, pinch-off location, and secondary-droplet composition in immiscible impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"729 ","pages":"141762"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of highly stable and scalable three-dimensional alginate-encapsulated cobalt(III) oxide–graphitic carbon nitride–bismuth(III) oxide beads for peroxymonosulfate photoactivation toward antibiotic oxidation in a real water matrix","authors":"Hamid Zouggari,&nbsp;Fatima-Zahra Mahir,&nbsp;Aida M. Diez,&nbsp;Ridha Djellabi,&nbsp;M. Ángeles Sanromán,&nbsp;Abdallah Albourine,&nbsp;Marta Pazos","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcis.2026.141614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes are often limited by unstable activation and reliance on continuous mechanical stirring to sustain high photocatalytic performance during pollutant degradation. Herein, a ternary Co₃O₄–graphitic carbon nitride (GCN)–Bi₂O₃ dual S-scheme (CoCNBi) was successfully immobilized within calcium alginate (Alg) hydrogel beads (CoCNBi@Alg) via a 3D cross-linking strategy. The biopolymer structure aids dispersion/recovery; despite low BET surface area (3.9 m²/g), enhanced electroactive area and charge-transfer supported efficient degradation. CoCNBi@Alg beads showed excellent photo-electrochemical performance, achieving substantial mineralization of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (up to 76.3% total organic carbon (TOC) removal) under simulated sunlight without external stirring, outperforming bare GCN, Bi₂O₃, Co₃O_4, and non-immobilized CoCNBi powder. Additionally, CoCNBi@Alg demonstrated a strong performance under real-water matrices (&gt;98% SMX degradation) and maintained ~91% efficiency after 10 cycles, with minimal metal leaching (Co: 0.05 mg/L; Bi: 0.03 mg/L). Mechanistically, the CoCNBi dual S-scheme heterojunction, coupled with Co/Bi redox cycling, facilitates effective e⁻/h⁺ separation and transfer, thereby enhancing PMS activation. In this framework, the Alg matrix acts as a 3D stabilizing scaffold, ensuring better interfacial contact and streamlining mass transfer, thereby triggering synergistic non-radical (¹O₂) and radical (SO₄^•−, ^•OH, O₂^•−) oxidative species. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data reveal a complex degradation process with multiple routes, including the cleavage of the sulfonamide bond, hydroxylation, and ring opening, while the reduced toxicity of intermediates was confirmed by ECOSAR predictions. This study demonstrates that the encapsulation of dual S-scheme structures within Alg provides a dependable pathway for complete mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"727 ","pages":"Article 141614"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148987473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}