Astropolitics最新文献_第5页

Uncommon Commons, Commodities and Tokens in Outer Space: A Critical Viewpoint on New Competition Issues 外太空的稀有公地、商品与代币:一个新竞争问题的批判视角

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.1988572

Maria Lucas-Rhimbassen, L. Rapp, L. Mallowan

{"title":"Uncommon Commons, Commodities and Tokens in Outer Space: A Critical Viewpoint on New Competition Issues","authors":"Maria Lucas-Rhimbassen, L. Rapp, L. Mallowan","doi":"10.1080/14777622.2021.1988572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14777622.2021.1988572","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This viewpoint essay addresses salient issues raised by the commodification of space resources, and the shifting legal frameworks struggling to adapt and to evolve on par with the rapid developments of the economy and the commercial aspects of the space sector, and, particularly, with the competition law problems arising from these developments. In this context, this paper address antitrust issues of emerging commercial space law (lex mercatoria spatialis) rooted in cyber infrastructure, such as decentralized distributed technology (DLT), which is especially prone to concentration and consortium-building dynamics. This consolidated tokenization of space resources and rights, via dematerialized layers of processes and loopholes, can be kept in check by a space antitrust framework based on axioms and tenets reminiscent of the ethical principles as enshrined within the regime of international space law (corpus juris spatialis) to be pursued under the philosophy of an academic perspective antitrust philosophy called “noble competition” as first proposed by Stucke and Ezrachi. The authors posit that the space sector is the perfect arena to test such a new framework.","PeriodicalId":35153,"journal":{"name":"Astropolitics","volume":"88 1","pages":"116 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74812838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflection of Social Aspects of Professional Activity of Cosmonauts 航天员职业活动社会层面的反思

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.1983969

Aleksandr Vladimirovich Khodykin, V. Zvonovsky

引用次数: 0

Regionalism and Space Activities: China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Space Power in South Asia 区域主义与空间活动:中巴经济走廊与南亚空间力量

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.2000323

Ahmad Khan, Zulfqar Khan

{"title":"Regionalism and Space Activities: China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Space Power in South Asia","authors":"Ahmad Khan, Zulfqar Khan","doi":"10.1080/14777622.2021.2000323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14777622.2021.2000323","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), according to Chinese policymakers, is a “Project of the Century.” At the same time, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is its flagship project to develop extensive infrastructure across Pakistan. The principal partner countries have invited the regional countries to participate in expanding the ambit of CPEC’s role in the South, the Middle East, and the Central Asian regions. China, in the backdrop of the extension of CPEC, sees the expansion of its space program. Currently, China’s space program faces international export embargoes on selling its space-based services to the high-end technology countries, which are part of the international space export control regime. This study focuses on China’s ambitions to extend the role of CPEC under the BRI as an opportunity to expand its space services to minimize the influence of the U.S.-led export embargo on Chinese space technology and cooperation. In addition, the study stresses that CPEC allows China to expand its space services market in the South, the Middle East, and Central Asian countries, thereby eventually leading to the selling of its space services and technologies to high-end technology countries.","PeriodicalId":35153,"journal":{"name":"Astropolitics","volume":"1 1","pages":"76 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77766669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Preventing War with a Warfighting Domain: Nuclear Deterrence Lessons for Space 防止战争与作战领域:核威慑教训的空间

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.1994338

G. D. Miller

{"title":"Preventing War with a Warfighting Domain: Nuclear Deterrence Lessons for Space","authors":"G. D. Miller","doi":"10.1080/14777622.2021.1994338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14777622.2021.1994338","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT One of the major issues for spacefaring states is the extent to which space deterrence can be effective. This article contributes to our general understanding of space deterrence in two ways. First, it identifies some of the characteristics of nuclear weapons that appear, at least in theory, to contribute to deterrence and examines the extent to which those characteristics exist in the space domain. Second, it elaborates on three different aspects of space deterrence, including: the use of space capabilities to target another state’s space assets (deterrence in space); the use of space capabilities to target another state’s terrestrial assets (deterrence from space); and the use of terrestrial capabilities to target another state’s space assets (deterrence against space). Most of the nine characteristics of nuclear weapons examined here exist when deterring from space, while only a few exist for deterring against space, and almost none are present when deterring in space. In the absence of many characteristics that enhance nuclear deterrence, states must find other ways to enhance space deterrence. It may be possible to focus future technological development on certain types of capabilities that will allow states to prevent war both across domains and within the space domain.","PeriodicalId":35153,"journal":{"name":"Astropolitics","volume":"1 1","pages":"33 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80314285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Creating a Space Traffic Management System and Potential Geopolitical Opportunities 创建空间交通管理系统和潜在的地缘政治机遇

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.1987150

Travis S. Cottom

{"title":"Creating a Space Traffic Management System and Potential Geopolitical Opportunities","authors":"Travis S. Cottom","doi":"10.1080/14777622.2021.1987150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14777622.2021.1987150","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When U.S. Space Policy Directive-3 (SPD-3) was released in June 2018, the Trump Administration was addressing a major issue facing the space community, space traffic management (STM). Since its release, there has been limited progress on creating a civil STM system mostly due to U.S. congressional disagreement on department or administration placement. However, after two years the Department of Commerce (DOC) was eventually granted authority and funding to lead U.S. civil STM efforts. Once DOC assumes STM operations from the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), it offers the United States an opportunity to lead as a space power and gain an advantage in the multipolar strategic space competition. This article begins with a brief history of DOD’s role in space situational awareness, STM, and the culmination point that made DOD want to rid itself of STM responsibilities. The article then discusses two major studies that explored establishing a civil STM agency while identifying issues that the agency would face once created. The article provides an overview of SPD-3 and examines and addresses its objectives. Finally, the article concludes with opportunities a U.S. led STM system can bring in terms of cooperation and the effects it will have on the overall multipolar strategic space competition.","PeriodicalId":35153,"journal":{"name":"Astropolitics","volume":"213 1","pages":"92 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74487042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Common but Differentiated Responsibilities for Space Debris Removal 消除空间碎片的共同但有区别的责任

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.2000322

Nicol Svárovská

{"title":"Common but Differentiated Responsibilities for Space Debris Removal","authors":"Nicol Svárovská","doi":"10.1080/14777622.2021.2000322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14777622.2021.2000322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Expanding the concept of sustainability from Earth to outer space is a recent, yet inevitable development, which originates in the comprehension that the Earth’s orbital space is a finite resource. The growing number of actors and operations in outer space have led to the proliferation of space debris, posing numerous risks to the long-term sustainability of space activities. Against this background, the Guidelines for the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities adopted by the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) in 2019 call for enhanced international cooperation, effectively addressing such challenges. UNCOPUOS Member States agreed on the fact that international cooperation is required, however, what has not been agreed upon is the nature of such cooperation. The following paper elaborates on the concept of responsibility for space debris removal, looking for analogies in climate change law, namely the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR). Reviewing the literature on space debris regulations, this paper proposes a system based on the correlation between space activities of states and the responsibility for space debris removal. Acknowledging the principles of international space law and the Guidelines for the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities, key obstacles regarding space debris removal and recommendations strengthening international cooperation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":35153,"journal":{"name":"Astropolitics","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85155723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

In Search of Global Security: Everett C. Dolman’s Astropolitik and Daniel Deudney’s Dark Skies 寻找全球安全:埃弗雷特·c·多尔曼的《天体政治学》和丹尼尔·杜德尼的《黑暗天空》

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.1878415

Alan Mckenna

引用次数: 1

An Ontological Analysis of Space Policy and Law: India’s Space Activities Bill of 2017 空间政策与法律的本体论分析:2017年印度空间活动法案

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.1878413

Munikrishnappa Anilkumar, A. Ramaprasad, C. Singai, S. Sreeganga

引用次数: 0

Mapping the Terrain of an Astro-Green Criminology: A Case for Extending the Green Criminological Lens outside of Planet Earth 绘制天文绿色犯罪学的地形:将绿色犯罪学的镜头延伸到地球以外的案例

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2020.1972542

J. Lampkin