Astropolitics最新文献_第4页

United States-China Space Offensive: A Dangerous Competition 中美太空攻势:一场危险的竞争

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2022.2078195

Rubab Nawaz, Asma Bilal, M. Rehman

引用次数: 0

The Indo-Pacific and Space Diplomacy: Opportunities and Challenges 印太与太空外交:机遇与挑战

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2022.2081076

D. H. A. Alfathimy, Y. Permatasari, Euis Susilawati, D. Susanti, S. R. Diana, J. Susanto, A. R. Darmawan

引用次数: 0

Mitigating Security Risks and Potential Threats of Emerging Rendezvous and Proximity Operations 降低安全风险和潜在威胁的新兴交会和接近操作

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2022.2080547

Benjamin Staats

{"title":"Mitigating Security Risks and Potential Threats of Emerging Rendezvous and Proximity Operations","authors":"Benjamin Staats","doi":"10.1080/14777622.2022.2080547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14777622.2022.2080547","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Space actors will increasingly conduct rendezvous and proximity operations in space as the associated technologies advance and diffuse. As this occurs, multiple-use of such capabilities will present inherent security risks and potential threats to existing peaceful space activities. The United States must develop and promote a comprehensive operational and dissuasive construct in advance to mitigate these security risks and threats to stability in space. The inherent multiple-use attributes of rendezvous and proximity operations capabilities mean that the regulatory efforts must focus on regulating behavior and registration practices. In addition, improving space situational awareness alone insufficiently addresses the challenges of verifying compliance with the regulatory framework. There must be thoughtful approaches to expanding the space situational awareness network to partners, declassifying data to increase transparency, and improving communication practices to share data and resolve ambiguity. In addition, a space assurance strategy that includes credible deterrence options to deter those who would seek to undermine the regulatory framework is important.","PeriodicalId":35153,"journal":{"name":"Astropolitics","volume":"40 1","pages":"64 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76232314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

International Relations in Space: The Role of Miscalculation, Militarization, and Weaponization 太空中的国际关系:误判、军事化和武器化的作用

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.1982538

Kylie Hammack

{"title":"International Relations in Space: The Role of Miscalculation, Militarization, and Weaponization","authors":"Kylie Hammack","doi":"10.1080/14777622.2021.1982538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14777622.2021.1982538","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although space is often overlooked in the field of international relations, the unique domain is increasingly becoming a secondary ground for conflict among powerful players such as Russia, China, and the United States. The risk of conflict in space has been compounded by Earthly diplomatic relations as well as miscalculation, militarization, and weaponization – important factors due to their highly sensitive nature. A lack of open communication channels and international guidance has left states such as the United States and China with few options when it comes to making important decisions about protecting satellites and military assets. This, along with the increasing prevalence of space debris, encourages impulsivity which consequently leads to a higher risk of unnecessary attack or retaliation. Perhaps magnified by these chilled relationships, militarization and weaponization have continued to go unchecked by international organizations. This has resulted in a space environment plagued with flashpoints for conflict and an international community with no comprehensive regulations guiding their response. Because a war or even minor conflict in space would render available orbit unusable, it is imperative that the international community cooperate on de-escalatory solutions such as regulations on weaponization, joint space ventures, information sharing, and expansion of joint space assets such as the International Space Station.","PeriodicalId":35153,"journal":{"name":"Astropolitics","volume":"21 1","pages":"230 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89656132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Space and Art: Humanity is Spacefaring 太空与艺术:人类正在探索太空

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.1993067

Degard Degard

引用次数: 1

Lex Specialis for Space Crimes 太空犯罪科莱克斯特警

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.2023942

G. S. Sachdeva

{"title":"Lex Specialis for Space Crimes","authors":"G. S. Sachdeva","doi":"10.1080/14777622.2021.2023942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14777622.2021.2023942","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Anne McClain, an accomplished American astronaut, was sent to the ISS for six months. While stationed there, she accessed the bank account of her estranged spouse making use of the official and privileged computer network of the ISS and NASA. The spouse has alleged unauthorised access to personal financial data as an act of personal impropriety and invasion of privacy. The matter was reported to the authorities for investigation. Media has splashed this as first case of alleged criminal wrongdoing committed in and from outer space. This particular case seems rather simple because complainant and respondent, both are US citizens as also the act has been committed in the US quarters of ISS which is the notional territory of the US. So, there is no conflict of law or jurisdiction. However, it flags many legal issues relating to crimes in outer space that may require discussion and settlement. In the future, with the advent of space tourism, commercial exploitation of celestial resources, planetary settlements, etc., far more serious and complicated crimes may be committed. And multi-nationality scenario with involvement of more than one state, private corporations and individuals may pose a lot of imponderables and uncertainties under existing space law, international law as also germane national laws. Major problems would relate to jurisdictional issues, extradition conflicts, procedural hassles or uncertainty in applicable legal code. Hence, there is need to negotiate a specialis treaty that may facilitate handling of legal and juridical specificities of crimes in space and also establish an International Court of Space Crimes for dispensing justice in disputed or delayed matters.","PeriodicalId":35153,"journal":{"name":"Astropolitics","volume":"1 1","pages":"223 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87737387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Evolution of the Space Economy: Government Space to Commercial Space and New Space 空间经济的演变:政府空间到商业空间和新空间

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.1984001

W. Peeters

引用次数: 5

The Myth of Tactical Anti-Satellite Weapons: Redefining and Effectively Controlling 战术反卫星武器的神话:重新定义和有效控制

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.1996206

L. Wood

引用次数: 0

Commercialization and Space: Democracies Can Fly in Space 商业化与太空:民主国家可以在太空中飞翔

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.1988573

W. Cobb

引用次数: 1

Space Legal Regimes, Militarization, and Weaponization of Outer Space 空间法律制度、外层空间军事化和武器化

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/14777622.2021.2008768

Munazza Khalid

{"title":"Space Legal Regimes, Militarization, and Weaponization of Outer Space","authors":"Munazza Khalid","doi":"10.1080/14777622.2021.2008768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14777622.2021.2008768","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The prevailing arms race in outer space is considered as a right of self-defense of states, which is bestowed by international law. States adhere and espouse to legal regimes, but maintain a right of self-defense. Often, states leverage loopholes in these regimes for pursuing space-centric military interests for maintaining power, hegemony, survival, balance of power, or deterrence. Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space negotiations for restraining active military space weapons systems have remained on the agenda of the Conference on Disarmament, though deadlocked from advancing given the consensus decision-making model and the opposition of some states, especially the United States. Lack of interpretation of a definition and loopholes in the law provide spacefaring states freedom to pursue strategic interests by amalgamating space with terrestrial warfighting capabilities. The dependence on space assets encourages space powers to formulate polices of space assurance, space dominance, space situational awareness, and space offensive and defensive strategies. By many accounts, space is, or will be, weaponized with negative impacts on international, regional, and national security dynamics. This article investigates the extent to which international law mitigates these negative impacts associated with the militarization and weaponization of space.","PeriodicalId":35153,"journal":{"name":"Astropolitics","volume":"4 1","pages":"128 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89606069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1