International Relations in Space: The Role of Miscalculation, Militarization, and Weaponization

Abstract

ABSTRACT Although space is often overlooked in the field of international relations, the unique domain is increasingly becoming a secondary ground for conflict among powerful players such as Russia, China, and the United States. The risk of conflict in space has been compounded by Earthly diplomatic relations as well as miscalculation, militarization, and weaponization – important factors due to their highly sensitive nature. A lack of open communication channels and international guidance has left states such as the United States and China with few options when it comes to making important decisions about protecting satellites and military assets. This, along with the increasing prevalence of space debris, encourages impulsivity which consequently leads to a higher risk of unnecessary attack or retaliation. Perhaps magnified by these chilled relationships, militarization and weaponization have continued to go unchecked by international organizations. This has resulted in a space environment plagued with flashpoints for conflict and an international community with no comprehensive regulations guiding their response. Because a war or even minor conflict in space would render available orbit unusable, it is imperative that the international community cooperate on de-escalatory solutions such as regulations on weaponization, joint space ventures, information sharing, and expansion of joint space assets such as the International Space Station.