Journal of Applied and Advanced Research最新文献

{"title":"Prospects and Present Status and of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in Nepal","authors":"A. K. Keshari, B. Hari, A. Bhat, M. M. Shah","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I1.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I1.261","url":null,"abstract":"Naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes(EPN) and their symbiotic bacteria are important biotic factor in suppression of insect pest populations in soil and cryptic habitats. These nematodes can control pests due to their mutualistic association with bacteria that kill the hosts by septicemia and make the environment favorable for EPN development and reproduction.The virulent species of EPN can commercially be mass produced as biological control agents all over the world. Nepal  has a great potential to exploit these beneficial nematodes for the control of insect pests. Exploration of indigenous EPN is receiving attention around th eworld. Numerous surveys conducted worldwide have detected many indigenous isolates. Altogether 115 species of EPN (97 of Steinernema and 18 of Heterorhabdits species) have been reported so far worldwide. However, very limited research on EPN in Nepal has been done with 29 species only with some new species. Hence,the isolation and description of the native efficacious species and populationsof EPN is the need of the hour,not only from a biodiversity view point but also from an environmental and biological control perspective.Thei dentification of EPNs, adapted to environmental and climatic conditions of cultivated areas, is important for sustainable pest suppression in integrated management programs in agricultural areas of Nepal. This article provides an overview of recent development on EPN research and evaluates their potential for use and exploitation in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115496195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacognostic and Physico chemical standardization of Cinchona officinalis Linn.f","authors":"F. A. Mir, Zakir Hussain Khanday, B. Dwivedi, Manoj Kumar, E. Sundaram, A. Khurana, R. K. Manchandana","doi":"10.21839/jaar.2019.v4i1.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2019.v4i1.269","url":null,"abstract":" Cinchona officinalis Linn.f. is commonly known as Crown bark in English belongs to family Rubiaceae. Stem bark of C. officinalis have profound application in homeopathy. Aim of the present study is to standardizing C. Officinalis mother tinctures by taking from three different sources [Dr.D.P.Rastogi, CRI (H) Noida (A), two from market (B, C)] for pharmacognostic, physio chemical studies and comparative analysis for authentication of drug.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132515324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainfall-runoff estimation of Bojiang lake watershed using SCS-CN model coupled with GIS for watershed management","authors":"Nametso Matomela, Li Tianxin, Lehlohonolo Morahanye, O. K. Bishoge, H. O. Ikhumhen","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I1.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I1.263","url":null,"abstract":"A proper understanding of watershed spatio-temporal hydrological characteristics is critical to the management of a watershed and its natural resources such as water and vegetation. Rainfall runoff estimation plays an important role as an integral part of watershed management. Runoff volume and distribution data provides valuable information for water management strategies such as selection of artificial water abstraction sites, water storage facilities, and soil erosion control strategies. In the present study Bojiang lake watershed was used to indicate the application of Soil Conservation Service Curve Number method (SCS-CN) coupled with Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. The watershed falls within Erdos Larus Relictus National Nature Reserve (ELRNNR) which was listed under the wetlands of international importance in 2002. Rainfall runoff is influenced by a variety of factors within a watershed such as soil and land use/cover types, soil moisture content, rainfall, drainage density, and shape and size of the watershed. The SCS Curve number is the most popular and widely applied method for runoff estimation. GIS and Remote Sensing play an important role in estimating surface runoff by SCS-CN method. ArcGIS 10.2 software was used to overlay different thematic layers and develop an attribute table and calculate a weighted curve number. The weighted curve number was applied to the SCS-CN equations to estimate daily, monthly, and yearly runoff. Correlation coefficient (r) was used to test for the relationship between rainfall and runoff, and verify the computation of the method. The results show an average runoff of 17.78 mm which is about 7.18% of the annual average rainfall for the years 2001-2016. The derived output maps can assist in identifying suitable areas for water recharge/abstraction. The study demonstrates that SCS-CN in conjunction with GIS and RS can be used to calculate runoff for ungagged watersheds and assist in watershed management strategies.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128663046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic Decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue Royal (RB 19) textile dye by White Rot Fungi","authors":"Hamisu Afiya, Erkurt Emrah Ahmet, M. M. Shah","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I1.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I1.260","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic dyes are widely used by different industries with over 7 ×105 metric tons produce globally each year. Dyes pose adverse effects including chemical oxygen demand, visual pollution, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity on various types of living organisms. The versatile white rot fungi (basidiomycetes fungi) have developed specialized ligninolytic enzymes for reductive cleavage of dyes and xenobiotics. The present study optimized the decolorization of Remazol brilliant blue royal (RBBR) dye by enzymatic extracts of Coriolus versicolor and Pleurotusostreatus. Experiments were carried out by varying one parameter i.e. pH (2.5-6.5), temperature (30oC-60oC), enzyme activity (3.3U-20U), dye concentration (10mg/L-125mg/L) and time (0-480mins), while others constant to study its effects on decolorization of RBBR. From the results obtained, the optimum conditions for decolorization of RBBR by extracts of C. versicolor and P. ostreatus were pH 4.0, temperature of 300C, enzyme activity 20U, dye concentrations of 100mg/L and 50mg/L for C. versicolor and P. ostreatus respectively at the end of 480 minutes. At the optimized conditions, decolorizations for C. versicolor and P. ostreatus were 80.42% and 70.42% respectively. Highest laccase activity (19.50U) was recorded in C. versicolor compare to P. ostreatus (1.41U).  ","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128343740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating the Performance of Solar Panels in Iraq","authors":"H. Saad, A. Al-Tmimi","doi":"10.21839/jaar.2019.v4i1.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2019.v4i1.264","url":null,"abstract":"The solar energy is the most available, non-polluting and free source of energy. Solar photovoltaic energy is the fastest growing energy resource and it will someday become the dominant source of energy. Iraq is located 290N-370N latitude so, it has a good possibility of solar energy, which could be invested to generate the electrical power by the photovoltaic modules.  The used databases in this study are hourly data of irradiance were obtained from Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) while air temperature and wind speed were obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather (ECMWF) for the period 1/1/2001-31/12/2012.  Mathematical MATLAB program has been created to estimate the cell temperature and electrical power of a monocrystalline module for 200 sites in Iraqi areas. This study states the effects of environmental parameters on both the cell temperature and the electrical power of a monocrystalline PV module. Irradiance on tilt surface, ambient temperature, and wind speed are the key environmental factors in this study. By using Arc GIS, maps of electrical power and cell temperature distributions of a monocrystalline were drawn based on NOCT model.It has found that the effect of solar radiation on the output electrical power from the PV module is greater than the effect of ambient air temperature. Also, it has found that the monthly electrical power received from the module is varied throughout the months for the study area where the highest electrical power was recorded in June and the lowest electrical power recorded in December. Also, it varies in different sites, the southern part of Al- Qadisyah, western part of Dhi-Qar, northern part of Al-Muthannia and southwestern part of Al-Anbar provinces recorded the highest values of electrical power while the lowest value in the eastern part of Dihok.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127026688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The search for academic excellence: The hard facts and bitter truths","authors":"I. A. Mu-azu","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I1.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I1.259","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization, with its attendant competitiveness in almost all human endeavours, has brought in its wake a renewed surge for quality in higher education. The searchlights have been thrown on, not only on the traditional areas such as the quality of lecture rooms, Lecturers, Libraries and performance of students, but on such other things like the quality of academic leadership as the driving force that greases the clogged wheels of higher educational institutions towards attaining the visions and missions of most institutions.  The picture gradually emerging is one where the quality of academic leadership largely determines what will come on the academic agenda for pursuing relevance, access, affordability, equity, efficiency and economy in the 21st Century.  This work seeks to explore the management dimensions of pursuing excellence as a strategic objective through building partnerships with major stakeholders rather than the use of high – handedness. Besides observations, the study relied on literature review. The era of the visionary and motivational leadership appears to be the key for higher educational institutions which seek to stand up to competition in the global arena. The social and political ends of higher education call for not just exemplary leadership, but also human-centred results-oriented approaches to sustainable tertiary institutions of excellence.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116001404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assigning optimum time period for using evaporation cooling systems in Iraq","authors":"Yasmin Q. Tawfeek, Hazim Hussain","doi":"10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i6.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i6.241","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing demand on electricity power during summer in Iraq because of increasing averages of temperature reached 47 ºC and continuous to increase and the problems facing Iraq is the increasing in peak load for the electrical system because of using cooling and air-conditioning operated by compressed gases, according it is obliged to search  for alternative methods to activate   electrical power consumption and one of solutions and processing is  using application of cooling  by evaporation (evaporation coolers) consumed less electrical and  power compared with other cooling devices  which provide power of amount (80%) and for what Iraq characterized by climate conditions such as  scarcity of relative humidity among the research results, the general average of monthly average of relative humidity in Iraq during the summer season (the study period) for 36 years for the period (1980-2015) not exceeded (42%) as for  the general average of the monthly average of temperature for the same period was higher average for it (31 ºC) and for these two elements are the core to identify the cooling  efficiency, according Iraq is considered one of the  good area to use the evaporation cooling applications, where the general average  of monthly average of cooling efficiency for the same period was higher average(51%) and the optimum time period  for using the evaporation  cooling applications in Iraq  in July at  Salahdd in  city center with monthly efficiency average (60%).","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123415503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of credit risk on profitability of commercial banks in Nepal","authors":"Shiva Poudel","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I6.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I6.230","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the study was to examine the impact of credit risk on profitability of the commercial banks in Nepal. Data were collected from the sample of 15 commercial banks operated in Nepali economy for the period of 2002/03 to 2014/15. One way Fixed Effect Model (FEM) of panel data analysis is used as a major tool of analysis. The profitability of the commercial banks is measured in terms of return on equity and is regressed on bank specific variables and macro-economic variables. The results confirmed that credit risk has the significant negative impact on profitability of commercial banks in Nepal. In addition, solvency ratio, interest spread rate, and inflation have the insignificant negative impact on profitability. In contrast, capital adequacy ratio, total assets, and GDP growth have the significant positive impact on profitability of commercial banks in Nepal. Finally, inter-bank interest rate has insignificant positive impact on profitability.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127532427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some studies on the species of Criconematids (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Hilly Districts of Nepal","authors":"A. K. Keshari, M. M. Shah, R. Gupta","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I6.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I6.240","url":null,"abstract":"A nematological survey was conducted in three hilly districts – Bhaktapur, Kavre and Dhading surrounding capital city of Nepal ranging the altitudes between 1340m to 1540m. Randomly collected soil samples from vegetable fields processed through Cobb’s sieving and decantation method yielded various tylenchid nematodes. Among six species of criconematid nematodes found associated with vegetable crops, four species viz. Hemicriconemoides mangiferae Siddiqi, 1961, Criconemoides brevistylus Singh and Khera, 1976, Discocriconemella retroversa Sauer and Winoto, 1975 and Hemicycliophora arenaria Raski, 1958 are described here with their morphometric data along with localities and host plants and illustrated with photomicrographs.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123555775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community analysis of soil nematodes in vegetable growing areas of Dhading District, a high hill of Nepal","authors":"A. K. Keshari, M. M. Shah, R. Gupta","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I5.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I5.234","url":null,"abstract":"A nematological survey was carried out in the year 2014 from vegetable crops of Dhading district; a high hill of Nepal located at latitude 2752'0.120\"N, longitude 8455'0.120\"E and altitude 1518m. The entire district covers mainly temperate zone with annual average precipitation and temperature 1683.9 mm and 11.8 – 22.4°C respectively. Thirty soil samples were collected randomly from ten vegetable crops during their flowering time. A total of 23 genera of soil inhabiting nematodes belonging to 7 orders and 14 families were encountered. Of the total population, herbivores were 33%, bacteriovores 35%, fungivores 12%, predators 14% and omnivores 6%. In terms of number of genera varied from 8 to 14 and in terms of abundance the number varied from 64 to 308 per 100cc of soil. Rhabditis was the most abundant genus among bacteriovores, Aphelenchoides among fungivores, Mononchus among predators and Helicotylenchus among herbivores. Meloidogyne sp was the most dominant plant parasitic nematode in terms of both frequency and density occurring in many vegetable crops. The trophic diversity index (TDI) in the sample was 1.07 – 1.30 (1.16 ± 0.06), maturity index (MI) 1.66 – 2.65 (2.22 ± 0.25), plant parasitic index (PPI) 2.49 – 3.0 (2.95 ± 0.11) and channel index (CI) 0.21 – 1.48 (0.82 ± 0.35).","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127439380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}