Journal of Applied and Advanced Research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of phytochemical compounds in Corbichonia decumbens (Frossk). Excell by using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry","authors":"M. Saranya, A. Arunprasath","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I3.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I3.291","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of phytochemical compounds and GCMS analysis of Corbichonia decumbens. The Soxhlet apparatus was used for the organic solvent extraction. Solvents used were hexane and ethanol. The results showed in preliminary phytochemical analysis alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Glycosides, Steroids were observed in hexane and ethanolic extracts. The Phenols and Tanins were present only in ethanolic extract. The GC-MS analysis has shown the presence of different phytochemical compounds in the ethanolic extract Corbichonia decumbens. A total of 30 compounds were identified representing 84.49% of total methanolic extract composition. Our findings provided evidence that organic solvent extracts of tested plant contain medicinally important bioactive compounds and it justifies their use in the traditional medicines for the treatment of different diseases. ","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114658844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of Stigmasta-7, 22-dien-3-ol (α-Spinasterol) from Entada africana stem bark crude extract","authors":"A. Kwaji, H. Adamu, I. Chindo","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I3.294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I3.294","url":null,"abstract":"The phytochemical  investigation of the stem bark extracts of Entada africana led to the isolation and characterization of Stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-ol from the dichloromethane soluble portion of acetone/methanol (1:1v/v) crude extract. The powdered stem bark sample of Entada africana was defatted with hexane and extracted with acetone/methanol (1:1v/v) mixture. The dichloromethane soluble fraction was purified on a low pressure column containing silica gel 60 (60-200 mesh). The purification afforded an isolate coded Enac3 (85 mg) with Rf value of 0.404 in hexane/ethyl acetate (4:1). The isolate was characterized using IR, NMR data and in comparison with literature. Analysis of spectroscopic data and literature comparison suggests Enac3 as stigmasta-7, 22-dien-3-ol. The isolation of stigmasta-7, 22-dien-3-ol from the stem bark of Entada africana suggests the presence of useful bioactive principles which could be exploited for medicinal purposes.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122674560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost economics in construction of multi storied buildings","authors":"S. Radhakrishnan, K. Selvan","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I2.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I2.282","url":null,"abstract":"India is fast moving forward from agrarian economy to Industrial Economy. Our country is considered to be a safe platform for industrial investment by the world. Global Leaders and very many MNCs (Multi-National Companies) are evincing keen interest in having Joint Venture or opening their manufacturing facility in India.  India is witnessing a boom in industrialisation. This leads to vast employment opportunities to people of all walks of life. People are moving from rural areas to urban areas for occupational needs. This leads to mass arrival of people to city and consequently the rental costs also shoot up substantially. The industrial wage structure being reasonable with assured disposable income, people who prefer to stay in city start comparing rental costs versus paying EMI towards owning an apartment for themselves. The idea gets strong rooted with the easily available institutional finance to people, especially to youngsters with longer duration of EMI. All these result in a sustained demand for apartments. The builders, particularly in the city, are cashing in on the opportunity by embarking upon construction of multi storied buildings in the city and also the outskirts of same.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130896750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When your boss decides to mess you up: The two decades experience in public service in Ghana","authors":"I. A. Mu-azu","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I2.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I2.277","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined both the objective and subjective dimensions of leadership qualities of public service in Ghana. It also unraveled and compared the contours, dynamics and patterns of management blocks. The paper offered innovative works that discussed basic and applied public service activities, emphasizing inter-and multi-disciplinary approaches to various domains of leadership qualities. The study further examined other factors such as frontal attack, transfer techniques, special assignments, nitty gritty tactics, layering, delays, evasion, shouting regimes and double bind techniques. Besides observation, the study relied on literature review (Desk Study) Thus, it appealed to a variety of fields in humanities, social sciences and other professional disciplines.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122731549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of phenotypic and genetic basis of livestock selection for climate change adaptation and mitigation: A review","authors":"Zeleke Tesema, Mengistie Taye, Desalegn Ayichew","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I2.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I2.251","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock are not only suffering from climate change, but also contribute to climate change through the direct and indirect release of greenhouse gases (CH4, N2O and CO2). Characterization, identification and conservation of heat tolerant livestock breeds are basics for future challenging climate. Properties of the skin, hair, coat color, coat type, sweating, respiration capacity, tissue insulation, surface area relative to body weight, endocrinological profiles and metabolic heat production are important factors involved for heat tolerance. Selection based on these phenotypic characteristics is play indispensible for climate change adaptation and mitigation.  Molecular information is used to know the candidate gene for heat tolerance, their action, specific function and location on chromosomes thereby important for modification of gene and selection of heat tolerant breed and feed efficient animals. Genomic information also used to identify genes that regulated during a stressful event can lead to the identification of animals that are genetically superior for coping with stress. Marker assisted selection and proteomics may also be valuable in selection for secondary traits linked to adaptation, such as the genes for high levels of blood urea and ruminal ammonia in certain genotypes, associated with adaptation to low-quality C4 grasses. Scientific research results demonstrated that heat tolerance is heritable trait and variable between/within livestock breeds, thereby variation and heritability of the trait opens the window for selection of heat tolerant animals. Therefore, the combined genomic selection using genome wide DNA markers that predict tolerance to heat stress and phenotypic selection could be accelerated breeding of highly productive and heat tolerant livestock breeds. Further research should be conducted on characterization, identification of indigenous breeds at molecular level and on identification of responsible genes/genomic regions associated with thermoregulation, feed and production efficiency in order to develop suitable adaptive and mitigation strategies to counter environmental stresses.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125401182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on biogas production as the alternative source of fuel","authors":"K. Alhassan, Badamasi Tijjani Abdullahi, M. M. Shah","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I2.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I2.266","url":null,"abstract":"Challenges related to energy shortages are increasingly frequent both at the local and global scale due to population growth and the desire for a greater standard of living. The growing demand for oil and natural gas caused by high consumption levels is one of the current major problems faced by the world population. Therefore, new forms of energy generation must be investigated that would eventually allow the diversification of the present energy matrix, which has an almost 90% dependence on fossil fuels the world over. This coupled with long-term economic and environmental concerns have resulted in a great amount of research in the past decades on renewable sources of liquid fuels to replace fossil fuels. Burning fossil fuels such as coal and oil releases carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a major cause of global warming. It is anticipated that not a single source of alternative energy but a mix of various energy sources and carriers will contribute to the energy system of the future. Among the various sources been explored, biogas offer one of the best alternative options as they present a viable option for improving sustainable development through energy security and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. This paper elaborates on Biogas production as the alternative source of fuel. The paper also studies the importance of Biogas production as a means of reducing problem of power energy, environmental vandalism, loss of resources, climate change and also reduce environmental pollution caused by burning of woods, cars, motorcycle and industrial activities.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131223116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sheep genetic resource conservation experience in Turkey and future prospects in Ethiopia: A Review","authors":"Zeleke Tesema, Abiy Shenkute","doi":"10.21839/jaar.2019.v4i1.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2019.v4i1.265","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation of native animal genetic resource is vital to maintain genetic diversity sustainably and to cope with the future challenging climate change. Thus, the aim of this paper was to review the experience of sheep conservation practice in Turkey and future prospects in Ethiopia. In turkey, fifteen sheep types are extinct and other native sheep population decreased by 47% due to an unplanned crossbreeding program. For these reasons, sheep genetic resource ex-situ in vivo conservation project started in 1995 with three sheep breeds. The animal breeding law regarding registration of new breed and conservation of animal genetic resources was enacted in 2001 in Turkey. In-situ conservation subsidies of sheep breeds near to extinction have been continued since 2005. Following these events, in vitro conservation of germplasm of 13 sheep breeds have been initiated in 2007 and two gene banks have been established and thereby sperm, embryo, cell, and DNA of from each sheep breed conserved in the gene bank. Although they were successful in both in-situ and ex-situ conservations with some limitations, in-situ conserved sheep breeds had better productivity than ex-situ in vivo conserved sheep in Turkey. In the case of Ethiopia, in-situ conservation will be compatible with the existing infrastructure. Through balancing the genetic gain and inbreeding level, it is possible to integrate the existing community-based genetic improvement programs (with in breed selection) with sustainable in-situ conservation of native sheep genetic resources in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117225205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACADEMIC FREEDOM AND AUTONOMY IN THE UNIVERSITIES: PAST AND PRESENT","authors":"I. A. Mu-azu, Samuel A. Awugah, Ayuba Ibrahim Alidu","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I1.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I1.271","url":null,"abstract":"Academic freedom and autonomy have since mediaeval times been considered the hubs around which critical and independent thinking revolved. Men like Socrates, Copernicus, Galileo and Bertrand Russell suffered many indignities in defence of these ideals. Hiring and firing Vice-Chancellors always raise the issue of academic freedom in universities to choose their teachers and operate within their ivory towers without any interference. Besides observations, the work relied on literature review. The paper defines academic freedom and autonomy, carefully details how university councils, academic boards and other committees have resisted outside intrusions into these cherished ideals. Unsuccessful onslaughts at the freedom and autonomy of universities have only called for more consultations and collaboration between governments and university leaderships. This ideal relationship is to harmonise scholastic pursuits with national goals and aspirations. While one cannot expect the government, as financiers of public universities, to look on unconcerned about what happens inside its universities. An appreciation of each other’s expectations and roles can harness national development without any players feeling traumatized and befuddled. Increased participation of academics in partisan politics and scrupulous regard for merit and committee work in universities will not only improve government understanding of universities, but also create peaceful industrial atmospheres in universities to render both interference and censure unnecessary.  ","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115286774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and antibacterial activities of Ziziphus Species (Z. jujube and Z. spina christi)","authors":"K. Alhassan, Aisha Shuaibu Indabawa, M. M. Shah","doi":"10.21839/jaar.2019.v4i1.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2019.v4i1.262","url":null,"abstract":"Despite tremendous progress in human medicines infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites are still a major threat to public health. Their impact is particularly large in developing countries due to relative unavailability of medicines and emergence of widespread drugs resistance (Zampini 2009).The aim and objectives of this research work was designed to carried out the Phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the Ziziphus jujube and Ziziphus spina christi leaves against clinical bacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, Staphloccoccus  aureus and Klebsiella  pneumoniae) as they were found out that since ancient times to date, they are used in treating various antimicrobial, ailmentand disorders etc. The results of the research shows that, the effect of antibacterial activities of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ziziphus jujube (e extract conc. aqueous; F=119.37, Bacterial extract conc. aqueous; F=1.00 and extract conc. ethanol; F=15.74, Bacterial extract conc. ethanol; F=0.59) are reciprocal proportional to their counterpart, Ziziphus spina-christi (extract conc. aqueous; F=54.96, Bacterial extract conc. aqueous; F=0.94 and extract conc. ethanol; F=81.11, Bacterial extract conc. ethanol; F=1.37). In sum, the minimum inhibitory concentration of Ziziphus jujube shows that, the aqueous extract has M.I.C at range of 11.7 to 8.7mg/ml on all tested bacteria but the ethanolic extract has M.I.C of 14.8 to 8.2mg/ml range on E.coli, Klepsiella spp and S. aureus. While, the minimum inhibitory concentraton of Ziziphus spina-christi shows that the M.I.C of aqueous extract range of 12.8 to 8.3mg/ml on E. coli, Klepsiella spp and S.aureus. But, Ziziphus spina-christi M.I.C of ethanolic extract is 13.5 to 8.8mg/ml on all the tested bacteria. In sum, Zizuphus spina-christi has lower nutritional content and low MIC ethanolic extract than that of Ziziphus jujube.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131048501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dorper sheep cross breeding with Indigenous sheep breed in Ethiopia","authors":"De Walle","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I1.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2019.V4I1.250","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this review paper was to review dorper sheep cross breeding with indigenous sheep breed in Ethiopia. The paper reviewed and discussed the history of dorper breed introduction, research and development efforts in crossbreeding and their performance under on-station and on-farm management. Formal survey on farmers perception on Dorper cross sheep indicated that the crossbred dorper sheep have non selective feed behavior and excellent in meat production under farmer`s management. On other study showed that dorper sheep was not meet farmer interest in breeding sheep aspect because of black coat color. The performance of indigenous sheep and their crosses with Dorper varied as per the location, management, farming conditions and percentage of exotic blood level inheritance. Different research output by team of researchers on farm and on station performance evaluation of dorper indicated that crossbreds often outperformed their local contemporaries. Under on farm condition, body weight at different ages was significantly higher in 50% Dorper crosses as compared to their 25% and75% counter parts.On station birth weight of Dorper (3.39 3.8 kg) better than crossbreed (3.0 3.24 ± 0.04 kg) and local sheep (2.36 2.77 kg), respectively.While the mean weaning weight (14 16 kg) and yearling weight (26.95 32.43 ± 0.46 kg) of 50% Dorper crossbreed was better than indigenous sheep breeds. However, crossbred ewes and local sheep breeds did not differ in litter size. Dorper crosses with Afar under on station is not economically important due to lower weight in all aspects. Crossbreeding programs of dorper with indigenous sheep require strong research and development support from public service and non-governmental institutions for sustainable design, optimization, and implementation in clearly defined production environments.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128708307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}