Journal of Applied and Advanced Research最新文献_第5页

Biotechnological advances for climate change adaptation and mitigation in the case of goat production – A review 以山羊生产为例，适应和减缓气候变化的生物技术进展——综述

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I5.233

Zeleke Tesema, Mengistie Taye, Desalegn Ayiche

{"title":"Biotechnological advances for climate change adaptation and mitigation in the case of goat production – A review","authors":"Zeleke Tesema, Mengistie Taye, Desalegn Ayiche","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I5.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I5.233","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change influences goat production directly and indirectly thru its effect on reducing the quality and quantity of feed resources, and increasing spatial and temporal distribution of infectious diseases. The advances of biotechnology now a day’s opened an avenue to improve the nutritive value and digestibility of fibrous feeds by using biological methods (e.g., white rot fungi) and through recombinant DNA engineering techniques. Moreover, supplementation of probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics and organic acids modulate the activities and composition of the rumen microbial ecosystem thereby reduce lactic acid content, improve nutrient digestibility, reduce methanogenesis, optimize voluntary fatty acid profiles, and decrease ruminal ammonia production and protein degradation. All these effects increase productive performances and reduce methane emission from goat production. Genetic engineering and introgression of genes between adapted and non-adapted populations have been used to improve the diseases resistance of goat. Vaccines are used to control infectious diseases, increase productivity by modulating hormones or the immune system functions. Immuno-castration and ectoparasite control are also important biotechnological tools. Immunological and molecular techniques diagnostic technologies (PCR, RT-PCR, microarray, proteomic technique, biosensors, fluorescent-in-situ-hybridisation (FISH) and nanotechnologies) are used to detect and identify diseases and their causal agents. However, the aforementioned biotechnological tools are not yet well developed in developing countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, review, evaluation, and implementation of biotechnological tools in goat production in developing countries is paramount to increase production and productivity, and realize the potential use of biotechnology for climate change adaptation and mitigation.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"408 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123508712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Isolation and identification of microbial contaminants associated with commercial poultry feeds 与商业家禽饲料有关的微生物污染物的分离和鉴定

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research Pub Date : 2018-10-04 DOI: 10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i5.231

Aisha Ali Rabiu Danbappa, K. Alhassan, M. M. Shah

{"title":"Isolation and identification of microbial contaminants associated with commercial poultry feeds","authors":"Aisha Ali Rabiu Danbappa, K. Alhassan, M. M. Shah","doi":"10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i5.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i5.231","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry feeds are food materials used in raising poultry birds. Poultry is the second most widely eaten meat in the world, accounting for about 38% of the world meat. The diseases of poultry is like the disease of other animals. They may be caused by pathogenic organisms, nutritional deficiency and from wound. This study was designed and carried out to determine the load and species of fungi and bacteria contaminating poultry feeds. A total of 6 samples were collected from different feed types and source of feeds inside poultry farm and markets feeds. The isolates were identified according to their cultural, microscopic and biochemical properties to the following gram negative bacteria include Escherichia coli and Proteus spp and gram positive bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. The fungi includes Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp, Fusarium spp, Rhizopus spp, Mucor spp, and Cladosporium spp. It is concluded that poultry feeds, especially those inside farms are harbouring potential pathogenic bacteria and fungi loads that are far above the acceptable levels, thus constituting a public health hazard and necessitate the application of the standard measures for production of feeds by manufacturers and health authorities. Therefore, the study recommends that hygienic production of poultry feed is a public health issue, proper treatment of feed ingredients and application of hygienic measures such as HACCP, starting from harvesting of feed ingredients to the storage, processing of feeds, packaging, transporting and eventual marketing of the bagged feeds is need of the hour.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"135-136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131787952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

First report on four species of predatorynematodes, mononchids (Nematoda : Mononchida) from Nepal 文章题目尼泊尔四种捕食线虫，单爪线虫(线虫纲:单爪线虫)的首次报道

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I5.223

A. K. Keshari, M. M. Shah, Ranjana Gupta

引用次数: 1

Use of tannery effluent for irrigation: an evaluative study on the response of Sorghum plants its growth and biochemical characteristics 制革废水用于灌溉:对高粱植株生长和生化特性的评价研究

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research Pub Date : 2018-09-11 DOI: 10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i5.225

V. Sangeetha, P. Sharavanan

引用次数: 2

Study of Absorbance and Emissivity Solar Radiation by Clouds, Aerosols and Some Atmospheric Gases 云、气溶胶和一些大气气体对太阳辐射的吸收和发射率的研究

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research Pub Date : 2018-09-11 DOI: 10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i5.222

Zainab Abbood, Osama T. Al-Taai

{"title":"Study of Absorbance and Emissivity Solar Radiation by Clouds, Aerosols and Some Atmospheric Gases","authors":"Zainab Abbood, Osama T. Al-Taai","doi":"10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i5.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i5.222","url":null,"abstract":"The atmosphere consists of a quantity of clouds, aerosols, and gases. The solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface depends on this quantity. The amounts of solar radiation at the earth's surface are lower than the amounts of solar radiation reaching the upper surface of the atmosphere. The aim of this research is the study of absorbance and emissivity solar radiation by cloud, aerosols and methane gas. Data were taken by Top Solar Radiation (TSR), Surface Solar Radiation (SSR), Surface Thermal Radiation (STR), Surface Thermal Radiation Downward (STRD), Top Thermal Radiation (TTR), Albedo (AL), Total Cloud Cover (TCC), Aerosols Optical Depth at wavelength550nm (AOD550nm) and Methane (CH4) from satellites recorded by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) the choice of year is 2016 in Baghdad city (33.375°N-44.375°E). Where we studied the short and long-wave solar radiation and its relationship with a cloud, aerosol and methane gas during the hourly mean at the times 00:00 am-12:00 pm and a cycle in temperature variation. The results showed that at the time 00:00 am was inverse correlation coefficient highest was -0.9 and their positive correlation coefficient highest was 0.6 with CH4. where represent very high correlation then followed and clouds and aerosols. Absorption, emission, and albedo by clouds, aerosols, and gases depend on the quantity, abundance, composition, location, distribution, meteorological parameters and wavelength of each air component, as well as on the strength of the solar and the thermal radiation at the times 00:00 am-12:00 pm.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121346458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

A study of some cloud microphysical parameters over Iraq using satellite data 利用卫星资料对伊拉克上空一些云微物理参数的研究

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research Pub Date : 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i4.221

Murtadha A. Fadhil, kais J. Al-Jumaily

{"title":"A study of some cloud microphysical parameters over Iraq using satellite data","authors":"Murtadha A. Fadhil, kais J. Al-Jumaily","doi":"10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i4.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i4.221","url":null,"abstract":"Studying clouds is a top priority among many atmospheric scientists because clouds are one of the greatest unknown factors in predicting changes in the Earth’s climate. Clouds play an important role in maintaining the energy balance because they can reflect, absorb, and radiate energy. The aim of this research is to investigate the properties of clouds over Iraq using data acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)on board Aqua Satellite for water and ice clouds. The results showed that daily mean cloud top pressure patterns during spring months are higher than other months and cloud top temperature patterns reached their highest values during summer months. The results also indicated that the ice cloud effective particle radius is relatively large during summer while cloud optical thickness assume its largest values in winter months. It was found that the highest values of precipitation rate over Iraq occurred during March to mid-April. Correlation aanalysis between optical thickness and liquid water path over Iraq that these two parameters are positively correlated and the correlation for water cloud was better that that for ice clouds. Case studies of heavy precipitation events over Iraq showed that the maximum values of the most cloud properties variables were located ahead of the storm center. ","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134001590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

An overview of the natural gas sector in Tanzania - Achievements and challenges 坦桑尼亚天然气行业概况——成就与挑战

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research Pub Date : 2018-08-23 DOI: 10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I4.218

O. K. Bishoge, Lingling Zhang, Witness Gerald Mushi, S. L. Suntu, Grace Gregory Mihuba

引用次数: 12

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (helminth) found in the feces of some selected domestic birds, chickens (Gallus gallus) and pigeons (Columba livia domestica) 部分家禽、鸡和鸽子粪便中胃肠道寄生虫(蠕虫)的流行情况

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research Pub Date : 2018-08-20 DOI: 10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i4.219

Hafsat M. Shehu, M. M. Shah, U. Sharif

引用次数: 0

Assessment of spatial distributions of some climate indices in Iraq 伊拉克一些气候指数的空间分布评价

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research Pub Date : 2018-07-04 DOI: 10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I4.217

Hanan S. Al-Zamili, A. Al-Lami

{"title":"Assessment of spatial distributions of some climate indices in Iraq","authors":"Hanan S. Al-Zamili, A. Al-Lami","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I4.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I4.217","url":null,"abstract":"Aridity is one of the main factors which distinguish the climate of a region and has significant influence on human activities. This study investigated the spatial distribution of the aridity indices to determine the climate conditions in Iraq over the period (1981-2015), depending on the data of the air temperature and rainfall which obtained from 28 stations distributed through Iraq. The used aridity indices are: Lang, Erinc, Emberger, UNEP, De Martonne and Thornthwaite. The spatial distribution was determined using inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolated method. The results of aridity indices analysis shows that the hyper-arid, arid, and semi-arid categories are predominant with almost (91%) to (100%) of the country’s area. Dry sub-humid, moist sub-humid and humid categories occupies less than (10%) with most of indices at stations of (Arbil, Sulaymaniyah, and Salahaddin). To evaluate the seasonal spatial distributions, De Martonne was utilized. During winter, the climate types ranged from semi-arid to very-humid, while at spring season from arid to humid. Autumn season dominated by arid at (97%) of study area. The summer season was the driest compared with the other seasons. The change point for aridity indices was detected by using the cumulative sum charts (CUSUMs), it is found for the most stations in (1997). Consequently, the spatial distribution for the aridity indices were analyzed through two periods (1981-1997 and 1998-2015), this analysis showed that the arid and hyper-arid areas were increased in the second period compared with the first period with obvious extension toward the north of Iraq. ","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123686968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Influence of Hempedu bumi (Andrographis paniculata) on serum biochemical parameters and liver morphology in broiler chickens 穿心莲对肉鸡血清生化指标和肝脏形态的影响

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I4.201

M. Malahubban, Zakry Fitri AB Aziz

{"title":"Influence of Hempedu bumi (Andrographis paniculata) on serum biochemical parameters and liver morphology in broiler chickens","authors":"M. Malahubban, Zakry Fitri AB Aziz","doi":"10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I4.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21839/JAAR.2018.V3I4.201","url":null,"abstract":"Serum biochemical parameters data was evaluated in broilers fed diets supplemented with hempedu bumi (Andrographis paniculata, AP) ground leaf. Birds (n = 160) were assigned in four treatment groups with five replication and each group contain eight birds. Broilers in the control group were fed the basal diet without additives, the group dietary treatments, Diet AP2 (Basal diet + 2g/kg Andrographis paniculata); Diet AP4 (Basal diet + 4g/kg Andrographis paniculata) and Diet AP8 (Basal diet + 8g/kg Andrographis paniculata). During day-21 and day-42, five birds from each treatment groups were randomly selected for serum biochemical analysis which involve pancreatic, renal, and hepatic functions (aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, urea, sodium, potassium, chlorine, and globulins). Liver morphology was determined after slaughtering two birds and collected the liver samples. Based on these results AP at 8g/kg diet lowered serum cholesterol, glucose and triglycerides. It also maintain the normal structure of liver indicating that no toxic effect from AP supplementation at a rate up to 8 g/kg, it also that AP lowered ALP and ALT in blood of chicken. In conclusion, supplementation of AP at 8g/kg in diet its beneficial effects on health and safe for broiler chicken production.","PeriodicalId":351224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Advanced Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127517463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0