Sara Mitri, S. Frintrop, Kai Pervölz, H. Surmann, A. Nüchter
{"title":"Robust Object Detection at Regions of Interest with an Application in Ball Recognition","authors":"Sara Mitri, S. Frintrop, Kai Pervölz, H. Surmann, A. Nüchter","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570107","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a new combination of a biologically inspired attention system (VOCUS – Visual Object detection with a CompUtational attention System) with a robust object detection method. As an application, we built a reliable system for ball recognition in the RoboCup context. Firstly, VOCUS finds regions of interest generating a hypothesis for possible locations of the ball. Secondly, a fast classifier verifies the hypothesis by detecting balls at regions of interest. The combination of both approaches makes the system highly robust and eliminates false detections. Furthermore, the system is quickly adaptable to balls in different scenarios: The complex classifier is universally applicable to balls in every context and the attention system improves the performance by learning scenario-specific features quickly from only a few training examples.","PeriodicalId":350878,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127977359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Perspective on O(n) Mass-Matrix Inversion for Serial Revolute Manipulators","authors":"Kiju Lee, G. Chirikjian","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570849","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new algorithm for the efficient mass-matrix inversion of serial manipulators. Whereas several well-known O(n) algorithms already exist, our presentation is an alternative and completely different formulation that builds on Fixman’s theorem from the polymer physics literature. The main contributions here are therefore adding a new perspective to the manipulator dynamics literature and providing an alternative to existing algorithms. The essence of this theory is to consider explicitly the band-diagonal structure of the inverted mass matrix of a manipulator with no constraints on link length, offsets or twist angles, and then build in constraints by appropriate partitioning of the inverse of the unconstrained mass matrix. We present the theory of the partitioned mass matrix and inverse of the mass matrix for serial revolute manipulators. The planar N-link manipulator with revolute joints is used to illustrate the procedure. Numerical results verify the O(n) complexity of the algorithm. Exposure of the robotics community to this approach may lead to new ways of thinking about manipulator dynamics and control.","PeriodicalId":350878,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115936066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Virtual Power Limiter System which Guarantees Stability of Control Systems","authors":"K. Kanaoka, M. Uemura","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570308","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a Virtual Power Limiter System is proposed. This requires no modeling and makes it possible to guarantee the stability of control systems which include unknown characteristics: flexibility in flexible manipulators, compressibility in pneumatic servo systems, human dynamics in man-machine systems, hardware nonlinearity in mechatronic systems, and so on. The details of the proposed virtual power limiter system and experimental verification with a man-machine system are presented.","PeriodicalId":350878,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115867885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Sample-based Convex Cover for Rapidly Finding an Object in a 3-D Environment","authors":"A. Sarmientoy, R. Murrieta-Cidz, S. Hutchinsony","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570649","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we address the problem of generating a motion strategy to find an object in a known 3-D environment as quickly as possible on average. We use a sampling scheme that generates an initial set of sensing locations for the robot and then we propose a convex cover algorithm based on this sampling. Our algorithm tries to reduce the cardinality of the resulting set and has the main advantage of scaling well with the dimensionality of the environment. We then use the resulting convex covering to generate a graph that captures the connectivity of the workspace. Finally, we search this graph to generate trajectories that try to minimize the expected value of the time to find the object.","PeriodicalId":350878,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132117088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Steady-State Throughput and Scheduling Analysis of Multi-Cluster Tools for Semiconductor Manufacturing: A Decomposition Approach","authors":"J. Yi, Shengwei Ding, Dezhen Song","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570134","url":null,"abstract":"Cluster tools are widely used as semiconductor manufacturing equipment. While throughput analysis and scheduling of single-cluster tools have been well-studied, the corresponding research on multi-cluster tools is still at the early stage. This paper analyzes steady-state throughput and scheduling of multi-cluster tools. A decomposition method is utilized to reduce a multi-cluster tool problem to multiple single-cluster tool problems. Existing research on the throughput and scheduling results is then applied to each single-cluster tool. For an M-cluster tool, an O(M) throughput calculation and robot scheduling algorithm is presented. A chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) polisher is used as an example of the multi-cluster cluster tools to illustrate the proposed decomposition method and algorithms.","PeriodicalId":350878,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130286350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic Sensing of Human Eye","authors":"M. Kaneko, K. Tokuda, T. Kawahara","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570549","url":null,"abstract":"This paper challenges the dynamic based diagnosis (see Fig. 1) of human eye. Through a high speed motion capture during an air jet applied to a human eye, the eye dynamics including stiffness and damping is evaluated. By utilizing both the eye pressure and the dynamic parameters, we can increase the reliability of the eye diagnosis. We show that each subject has his (or her) own impedance parameters and that stiffness is an important index for guaranteeing the validity of eye pressure sensing.","PeriodicalId":350878,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134370688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sukhan Lee, Jongmoo Choi, Seungmin Baek, Byungchan Jung, Changsik Choi, Hunmo Kim, Jeongtaek Oh, Seungsub Oh, DaeSik Kim, Jaekeun Na
{"title":"A 3D IR Camera with Variable Structured Light for Home Service Robots","authors":"Sukhan Lee, Jongmoo Choi, Seungmin Baek, Byungchan Jung, Changsik Choi, Hunmo Kim, Jeongtaek Oh, Seungsub Oh, DaeSik Kim, Jaekeun Na","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570384","url":null,"abstract":"There has shown a significant interest in a high performance of, at the same time, a compact size and low cost of, 3D sensor, in reflection of a growing need of 3D environmental sensing for service robotics. One of the important requirements associated with such a 3D sensor is that sensing does not irritate or disturb human in any way while working in close and continuous contact with human. Furthermore, such a 3D sensor should be reliable and robust to the change of environmental illumination as service robots are required to work day and night. This paper presents a 3D IR camera with variable structured light that is human friendly and robust enough for application to home service robots. Infrared is chosen as the sensing medium in order to meet the requirement of human friendliness and robustness to illumination change. A Digital Mirror Device (DMD) is employed to generate and project variable patterns at a high speed for real-time operation. In implementation, we emphasize the integration of modular components to support real-time sensing and compactness in size. A number of real-world experimentations are conducted, including a human face, a statue, and a plastic model. The experimental results have demonstrated that the implemented 3D IR Camera is robust to illumination change, in addition to its advantage of human friendliness.","PeriodicalId":350878,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"360 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131577605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stable Exploration for Bearings-only SLAM","authors":"Robert Sim","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570474","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work on robotic exploration and active sensing has examined a variety of information-theoretic approaches to efficient and convergent map construction. These involve moving an exploring robot to locations in the world where the anticipated information gain is maximized. In this paper we demonstrate that, for map construction using bearings-only information and the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), driving exploration so as to maximize expected information gain leads to ill-conditioned filter updates and a high probability of divergence between the inferred map and reality. In particular, we present analytical and numerical results demonstrating the effects of blindly applying an information-theoretic approach to bearings-only exploration. Subsequently, we present experimental results demonstrating that an exploration approach that favours the conditioning of the filter update will lead to more accurate maps.","PeriodicalId":350878,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131771743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tele-existence Vision System with Image Stabilization for Rescue Robots","authors":"Koichiro Hayashi, Y. Yokokohji, T. Yoshikawa","doi":"10.20965/jrm.2005.p0181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2005.p0181","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to develop an intuitive interface to control rescue robots. We propose a new image stabilization system for easy operation of rescue robots. A promising method to search victims in rubble, is the use of teleoperated rescue robots. In the rescue activities with such robots, operators remotely control the robots through images captured by cameras mounted on the robots. Since the orientation of the robots change intensively while they move in rubble, image stabilization is necessary so that the operators can search victims without suffering from fatigue nor motion sickness. However, the orientation changes of the rescue robots are so intensive that conventional methods may not be capable of stabilizing the camera images. In this paper, we propose a new image stabilization system which can cancel the camera motion due to the intensive changes of the robot’s orientation on an uneven terrain. After a preliminary experiment, a 3-DOF camera system was designed based on the newly proposed mechanism. To verify the performance of the camera system, we conducted three experiments. The result of the experiments confirmed that the proposed mechanism shows good performance in motion stabilization as well as good performance in tracking the commanded head motion. Finally, we verified that the camera system works properly even when it was mounted on a crawler running on an uneven terrain.","PeriodicalId":350878,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132643730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Keeping Track of Humans: Have I Seen This Person Before?","authors":"W. Zajdel, Z. Zivkovic, B. Kröse","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2005.1570420","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe a system that enables a mobile robot equipped with a color vision system to track humans in indoor environments. We developed a method for tracking humans when they are within the field of view of the camera, based on motion and color cues. However, the robot also has to keep track of humans which leave the field of view and re-enter later. We developed a dynamic Bayesian network for such a global tracking task. Experimental results on real data confirm the viability of the developed method.","PeriodicalId":350878,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129393328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}