{"title":"Mechanical and Functional Property Investigation of 2-Layered Pervious Concrete","authors":"B. M. Spoorthy, Anush K. Chandrappa, U. Sahoo","doi":"10.2174/18741495-v16-e220922-2022-ht31-3975-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741495-v16-e220922-2022-ht31-3975-1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Pervious concrete pavements are considered as one of the well accepted stormwater management strategies as per environmental protection agencies. The interconnected pore structure in the pervious concrete allows the stormwater to percolate and thus reduce the runoff.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The laboratory and field investigations on the pervious concrete pavements have shown that the abrasion and clogging are major distresses that reduce the functional performance of these sustainable pavements. The open graded structure of the pervious concrete undergoes ravelling due to the vehicular movement and they may also allow the suspended particles in stormwater runoff to get clogged inside the pore structure. In this study, 2-layered pervious concrete was designed to balance the trade-offs between the strength and durability. The porosity and density of 2-layered pervious concrete was found to be in the domain on conventional pervious concrete.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The failure pattern in compression indicated that failure of the specimen was concentrated on the bottom layer compared to the top layer. Further, the compressive strength was found to be in the range of 11.90 to 20.0 MPa. The pore distribution at the interface of the top and bottom aggregate was found to follow 3-parameter Weibull distribution, where the scale parameter increased as the aggregate size increased. The abrasion resistance was found to be lower compared to conventional pervious concrete.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Overall, it was found that 2-layered pervious concrete can be one of the alternatives to implement pervious concrete pavements addressing the demerits of conventional pervious concrete.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"38 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129150972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikolaos Makrakis, P. Psarropoulos, Dionysios Chatzidakis, Y. Tsompanakis
{"title":"Optimal Route Selection of Offshore Pipelines Subjected to Submarine Landslides","authors":"Nikolaos Makrakis, P. Psarropoulos, Dionysios Chatzidakis, Y. Tsompanakis","doi":"10.2174/18741495-v16-e220922-2022-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741495-v16-e220922-2022-30","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Offshore lifelines (i.e., pipelines and cables) are usually vulnerable to seabed deformations induced by earthquake-triggered geohazards, such as submarine landslides, soil liquefaction, and tectonic faulting. Since the complete avoidance of all areas characterized by offshore geohazards is not always techno-economically feasible, optimal lifeline route selection is deemed necessary for the safety and serviceability of every such infrastructure, in order to minimize the risk of severe environmental and economic consequences. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The current study presents a decision-support tool for the design of offshore high-pressure gas pipelines, capable of performing: (a) the assessment of submarine landslides along a possible pipeline route (i.e., impact force and landslide width), (b) the assessment of their potential impact on the pipeline (i.e., pipeline strains), and (c) the optimal pipeline route selection. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The advanced capabilities of GIS in lifeline optimal route selection are successfully combined with efficient (semi-)analytical models that realistically assess the response of offshore pipelines when subjected to axial or oblique loading conditions due to a submarine landslide.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The efficiency of the smart tool is presented through a case study of an offshore pipeline that is crossing potentially unstable slopes -under static and seismic conditions- in Adriatic Sea. Five alternative routings are proposed based on the adopted design criteria when crossing the seismically unstable slopes and zones characterized by steep inclination.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Provided that sufficient and reliable data are available, the developed decision-support tool can be efficiently used for deriving the potentially optimal route of an offshore pipeline.","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127082165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rectification of a Slanted Box-Girder Bridge Caused by Unbalanced Soil Load","authors":"Yongsheng Song, Yanwen Wang, Yijing Lu, Huijuan Jia, Zhiyuan Chen, Ruiqi Song","doi":"10.2174/18741495-v16-e2206290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741495-v16-e2206290","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Rectification of a slanted continuous concrete box-girder bridge is presented in this paper.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Several bridge piers slanted due to uneven ground settlement, inducing excessive width of some expansion joints and oversize sliding displacement of some bridge bearings. The uneven ground settlement occured due to the unbalanced soil load on the ground.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this project, reverse ground loading was first applied to produce opposite-direction deformation of the bending bridge piles, thereby rectifying the slanted bridge piers rigidly connected to the piles. The procedure was accelerated by constructing several stress release holes on the opposite side of the reverse ground loading.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To stabilize foundation and prevent landsides of riverbank, combimationn of jet grouting piles and deep mixed piles was apliied to reinforce foundation soil, providing lateral restraint on the bridge piles as well. Finally, a hydraulic power system was used to reset the bridge piers, girders, and expansion joints. A similar system and additional equipment were used to replace the damaged bridge bearings.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The recommended rectification techniques are suitable for rectifying bridges with similar geotechnical conditions and structure types and for replacing damaged bridge bearings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129135652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. M. Alogla, Omar M. Alawad, A. Elragi, S. Elkholy, Gamal A. Al-Saadi, M. Arif
{"title":"Comparison between Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Geotechnical Field Data for Characterizing Soil Profiles","authors":"S. M. Alogla, Omar M. Alawad, A. Elragi, S. Elkholy, Gamal A. Al-Saadi, M. Arif","doi":"10.2174/18741495-v16-e2206271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741495-v16-e2206271","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Electrical resistivity tests at a project site could be a valuable economical alternative to typical geotechnical soil exploration and a reliable source of data. In the present study, the soil at a constructed underground water tank site in Qassim Region – Saudi Arabia is investigated using the electrical resistivity testing method.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study aims to compare the results of traditional soil boreholes that were conducted at various stages of the project lifetime with the interpretation of soil resistivity test results.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Eight soil boreholes were drilled at the water tank site to capture the nature of soil layers. The electrical resistivity of soil layers at the site is measured and used to investigate the ground subsurface of the project site. The geophysical software, ZondRes2d is utilized to analyze and interpret the collected data.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Both geotechnical soil boreholes and geophysical electrical resistivity tests revealed similar soil profiles with three main layers comprising of backfill material, clay with expansive nature, and weathered limestone and marl. The results of the electrical resistivity tests are also affirmative of available resistance values of different soils in the literature.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study shows that electrical resistivity testing is reliable in capturing the soil nature which presents an attractive tool for preliminary investigation of the soil-related problems of distressed structures.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132543307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aditya Sutantio, Nadjadji Anwar, I. Wiguna, E. Suryani
{"title":"A System Dynamics Model of Sustainable Construction for High rise Residential Projects in Developing Countries: Case of Indonesia","authors":"Aditya Sutantio, Nadjadji Anwar, I. Wiguna, E. Suryani","doi":"10.2174/18741495-v16-e2205300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741495-v16-e2205300","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Despite its contribution to urban development, high rise residential projects also cause adverse impact on the living environment. To address the problem, a sustainable construction as a new paradigm has been introduced. Various papers have examined the importance of sustainable construction. However, most studies focused on social and environmental aspects and with few consideration on the economic objective of the business. This study aimed to fill the research gap by presenting a dynamic model to improve social, environmental and economic performance of sustainable construction for high rise residential projects in developing countries.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study started with a literature review as a basis for a qualitative survey conducted in thirty high rise residential projects in Indonesia, to identify the influencing factors and the interrelationships. To analysis the data, a system dynamics approach was utilized.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The simulations reveal that the current regulation and construction practices are insufficient to reduce environmental negative impacts. In order to formulate better policies, three scenarios comprised the implementation of building energy regulation, tax incentives policy, and a policy mix were employed. The results show that the scenarios could improve construction sustainability performance in some extends.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The combination of building regulation and tax incentives policy is effective to achieve environmental and social as well as economic aspects of sustainable construction which is suitable for investors. Based on the results, it is concluded that the model can be used to formulate various policies in the future to enhance sustainable construction of high rise residential projects in developing countries.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133753517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of Thermal Performances of Walls Made of Rubberized Gypsum Composite in Arid Zones - Experimental Study and Simulation","authors":"H. Laoubi, A. Meddah, M. Bédérina","doi":"10.2174/18741495-v16-e220623-2021-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741495-v16-e220623-2021-63","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In this study, the thermal performance efficiency of buildings located in M’sila region (Algeria), which is considered as typical arid zone, was investigated. In its first part, the study focused on the laboratory evaluation of the thermomechanical properties of a gypsum mortar, in which rubber waste was incorporated by volume replacement of sand. The second part of study was to investigate the insulation performance of a typical wall subjected to arid climatic conditions, using numeric simulations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The thermal properties were measured using Transient Plane Source method (TPS), and then the Time-lag “ƒ” and decrement factor “φ” were calculated, for various wall configurations, using theoretical equations. The effect of various parameters was studied, including: wall thickness, inclusion of air space within the wall and application of surfacing materials.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The obtained results showed that when rubber content, in the composite, increases, the mechanical strength and the density decrease; whereas the insulating performances are considerably improved. The later were improved by more than 50% with 50% of rubber. The numerical simulations indicated that the thermal inertia characteristics [ƒ, φ] are improved when the thickness of the wall increased; moreover, more improvement was recorded (more than 38%% in time lag and more than 2h in decrement factor) when an air space was included within the wall and even when the wall surfaces are coated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The use of rubber waste as building materials, helps to regulate the temperature inside buildings, reduce the energy consumption, reduces the construction cost and protect the environment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"81 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126222487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do People Desire to Cycle More During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Investigating the Role of Behavioural Characteristics through a Structural Model","authors":"Mahdis Rashidi, S. Seyedhosseini, A. Naderan","doi":"10.2174/18741495-v16-e2207220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741495-v16-e2207220","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Most cycling behaviour studies have defined it using objective variables and focused on normal conditions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study applies latent class analysis to a sample of 375 survey respondents in Tehran, the Capital city of Iran, exploring the variables influencing cycling behaviour during pandemic covid-19.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We made a statistical comparison among the data obtained from the questionnaires and the statistical data of the 2016 census. A structural equation modeling (SEM) was developed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Fourteen indicators define three latent variables. Cycling behaviour is defined by these three latent factors and three indicators. This paper goes through each of the indicators and their impact on latent variables. The findings show that latent factors have a direct impact on cycling behaviour.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a great tool for defining cyclist behaviour analysis that shows the positive and negative influence of variables on cycling rate during a covid-19 pandemic. There are some limitations in the area of this study in developing countries discussed in the paper.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"305 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132368215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correlation of Performance of Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Energy-Based Parameters","authors":"A. Sarı, L. Manuel","doi":"10.2174/18741495-v16-e2202021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741495-v16-e2202021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The intensity of ground shaking and the demand on structures during earthquakes have been generally characterized using parameters such as peak ground acceleration as well as strength-based parameters such as response spectrum ordinates (e.g., spectral acceleration), which represent the maximum amplitude of shaking for structures with specified natural period and damping values.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It has long been recognized that to assess the demands on structures during earthquakes, one might employ an energy-based approach (as an alternative to the more common strength-based one), especially when there is an interest in assessing the damage potential of ground motions. The study focuses on the correlation between Ground Motion Parameters (GMPs) and structural damage indicators for reinforced concrete frames. The relationship between ground motion intensity and structural damage is of primary concern in seismic regions. Here, we consider GMPs that are strength-based (such as spectral acceleration, Sa) and energy-based (such as input energy-equivalent acceleration, Ai, and absorbed energy-equivalent acceleration, Aa), as defined in the study. In order to evaluate Ground Motion Parameters (GMPs) for efficiency, power-law format regression studies of damage measures (DM) on each GMP are utilized.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The general objective of this paper is to investigate if energy-based parameters can correlate well with structural damage. Thus, power-law formats in regression of damage on GMP are considered. In regression studies of this type, a lower standard deviation of the damage measure given the value of the ground motion parameter (GMP) is considered an indication of a stronger correlation between that damage measure and the corresponding ground motion parameter.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 These extensive regression studies are carried out for both low-rise and high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. Conclusions are discussed following these analyses.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114553348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abdel-Jaber, M. Abdel-Jaber, Rola El-Nimri, H. Katkhuda
{"title":"Investigation of Flexural Capacity of Normal and Recycled Aggregate Concrete Filled Steel Tubes","authors":"M. Abdel-Jaber, M. Abdel-Jaber, Rola El-Nimri, H. Katkhuda","doi":"10.2174/18741495-v16-e2202020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741495-v16-e2202020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This paper aims to compare the experimental and theoretical results of the flexural capacity of normal and recycled aggregate concrete-filled tubes (CFT).\u0000 Background: The experimental results of 47 CFT specimens made of natural aggregate (NA), recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) with steel thicknesses of 2 and 2.4 mm from previous research performed by the authors are adopted.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The NA was replaced in the CFT specimens by RCA and RAP with replacement levels of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The theoretical study is conducted in this paper based on the provisions of many international codes, available models from the literature, and finite element analysis (FEA) using Abaqus software to obtain the best approach for determining the flexural capacity of CFT.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results showed that all code provisions were safe to use as they provided conservative results except for the ACI 318-19. The ANSI/AISC 360-16 and CoPHK provided the best conservative and accurate results.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Besides, the finite element analysis results were found in good agreement with the experimental results as they provided the most accurate estimation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"121 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133685178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance of Screen in a Sudden Expanding Stilling Basin under the Effect of the Submerged Hydraulic Jump","authors":"Suzan Elaswad, O. Saleh, Eman Elnikhili","doi":"10.2174/18741495-v16-e2201060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741495-v16-e2201060","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Hydraulic jump is considered the most appropriate option for designers to dissipate energy through stilling basins.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Tests on a screen that produced a submerged hydraulic jump were conducted to dissipate the energy of water passing beneath a vertical gate. Various positions of a screen in a sudden expanding stilling basin were investigated. In comparison to the no-screen case, the effect of a screen downstream of the gate on the water surface profile was also investigated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The best screen position was 0.25 of the abutment lengths with a 0.285 relative screen area, which resulted in the most energy loss with the lowest tail water depth and submerged hydraulic jump length. Theoretical equations based on the energy and momentum principles were derived.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 An acceptable agreement was obtained between the derived theoretical relative depth of the hydraulic jump and the measured values.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133429967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}