The Open Civil Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Selection of Building Materials Using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process","authors":"L. S. Reddy, N.R.D. Murthy, M. Srikanth, S. Sunil, Pratap Reddy, D. M. Keerthana","doi":"10.2174/0118741495311020240708045927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495311020240708045927","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Building materials play a vital role in the construction industry as they are directly related to quality, cost, constructability, and location-specific availability of material and skill. Selection of building materials is critical when there are too many alternatives. Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques are widely used to make such decisions simpler. For accurate decision-making, the selection of the appropriate MCDM method is very important. Most of the researchers used TOPSIS or AHP as MCDM techniques for decision-making in the construction industry.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the present study, the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used as an MCDM technique. The criteria and alternatives were identified for decision-making. The alternatives selected were locations specific to Hanamkonda, Telangana state, India. The criteria and alternatives were chosen for the building materials like cement, bricks, sand, doors, pipes, and tiles. The weights were calculated for each alternative fuzzy AHP geometric mean method. The weights of alternatives were evaluated and ranked.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The best materials for cement, bricks, sand, doors, pipes, and tiles were Portland pozzolana, burnt clay bricks, river sand, UPVC, UPVC/CPVC, and marble, respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Thus, building materials can be selected using fuzzy AHP by the client for the successful execution of a project based on his/her preferences and the location of that project.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"31 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sewer Inlets Detection in UAV Images Clouds based on Convolution Neural Networks","authors":"Haysam M. Ibrahim, Essam M. Fawaz, Amr M. El Sheshtawy, Ahmed M. Hamdy","doi":"10.2174/0118741495308303240516073242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495308303240516073242","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems have underwent significant advancements in recent years, which enabled the capture of high-resolution images and accurate measurements, with the tremendous development in artificial intelligence, especially deep learning techniques, Which allows it to be used in the development of Drainage infrastructures that represent a major challenge to confront the flood risks in urban areas and represent a considerable investment, but they are often not as well classified as they should be.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, we present an automatic framework for the detection of sewer inlets and Ground Control Points (GCPs) from image clouds acquired by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based on a YOLO CNN architecture. The framework depends on the high image overlap of unmanned aerial vehicle imaging surveys. The framework uses the latest YOLO model trained to detect and localize sewer inlets and Ground Control Points (GCPs) in aerial images with a ground sampling distance (GSD) of 1 cm/pixel. Novel Object-detection algorithms, including YOLOv5, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8 were compared in terms of the classification and localization of sewer inlets and GCPs marks. The approach is evaluated by cross-validating results from an image cloud of 500 UAV images captured over a 40,000-m2 study area with 30 sewer inlets and 90 GCPs. To analyze the model accuracy among classes, two-way ANOVA is used.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Images with models’ performances from the literature, the new YOLO model tested on UAV images in this study demonstrates satisfactory performance, improving both precision and recall. The results show that YOLOv5 offers the best precision (91%) and recall (96%), whereas YOLOv8 achieved less accuracy in precision and recall (82%) and (80%), respectively. Additionally, increasing image size in the training stage is a very important modification in the model.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study approach has a remarkable ability to detect sewer inlets and can be used to develop the inventory of drainage infrastructure in urban areas.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"26 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141340545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Magnetized Water on Partially Replaced Aggregate with Silica Sand in Concrete","authors":"A. Y M, Poornachandra Pandit, Santhosh M. Malkapur","doi":"10.2174/0118741495314923240430053430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495314923240430053430","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The study aimed to investigate the impact of “Magnetized water” on the mechanical properties of M30-grade concrete partially replaced by silica sand.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Two different grades of silica sand were utilized as fine aggregate, with 25% and 50% replacement rates. The concrete was prepared using a W/C ratio of 0.41 and a specific amount of superplasticizer. The water was magnetized using a 10000 Gauss magnetic fluid enhancer, resulting in “magnetized water.”\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Magnetization resulted in a 10% improvement in the workmanship of the concrete, as well as a 5% reduction in water usage with additive dosage.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The compressive strength of concrete with silica sand was 10% higher than that of conventional concrete, and the addition of magnetized water further increased to 20% of compressive strength and the slump increased by 10%.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141354397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speed Corridor Enforcement System (SCES) - A Case Study of the Highways of Kosovo","authors":"Bekim Selimi, Beni Kizolli, N. Dedaj","doi":"10.2174/0118741495310646240520103317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495310646240520103317","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Traffic safety remains a significant global concern. Despite advancements in vehicle technology, road infrastructure improvements, and initiatives to raise driver awareness, traffic accidents continue to pose socio-economic problems.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of this study was to suggest the potential benefits of implementing a Speed Corridor Enforcement System on highways in Kosovo, aiming to reduce accidents and promote driver awareness.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To accomplish the stated objective, there is employed a scientific research methodology supported by surveys, statistics, and analysis methods. The sources of information comprise both primary and secondary data, which were gathered from scientific literature, online sources, and relevant studies in the field.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The significant socio-economic challenges arising from traffic accidents are discussed, highlighting the necessity for a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to effectively address this issue. Additionally, the proposal of implementing Speed Control Enforcement Systems on the highways of Kosovo, which are part of Intelligent Transport Systems, is emphasized as a solution. Emphasis is placed on the importance of adopting advanced technological solutions alongside comprehensive strategies to effectively tackle the complex problem of traffic safety.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Considering the alarming 53.41% increase in accidents in Kosovo, the implementation of the speed identification system in corridors could have initially prevented and reduced accidents by a percentage similar to those observed in the reference countries.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Temperature Stresses during the Construction of Massive Monolithic Foundation Slabs, Taking into Account the Subgrade Compliance","authors":"Anton Chepurnenko, V. Turina, V. Akopyan","doi":"10.2174/0118741495321409240527051344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495321409240527051344","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The problem of early cracking caused by the heat of concrete hardening is relevant for massive reinforced concrete structures, including foundation slabs. The purpose of this work is to develop the methodology for determining temperature stresses during the construction of foundation slabs, taking into account the interaction with the subgrade.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The Pasternak elastic foundation model with two-bed coefficients is used for the soil. The temperature of the foundation slab is considered a function of only one coordinate z (temperature changes only along the thickness of the slab). As a result, to determine the stress-strain state of the slab, a fourth-order differential equation for deflection was obtained. A technique for numerically solving the resulting equation using the finite difference method is proposed. The calculation of the stress-strain state is preceded by the calculation of the temperature field, which is performed by the finite element method in a simplified one-dimensional formulation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The solution to the test problem is presented for a constant modulus of elasticity of concrete over time. The results were compared with finite element calculations in a three-dimensional formulation in the ASNYS software. The calculation was also performed taking into account the dependence of the mechanical characteristics of concrete on its degree of maturity. In this case, the picture of the stress-strain state changes significantly. The proposed method was also successfully tested on experimental data.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The proposed approach can significantly save calculation time compared to the finite element analysis in a three-dimensional setting.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141383504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Sustainable Revolution in Sisal Fiber with Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Concrete","authors":"Vijayan Selvam, Tholkapiyan Muniyandi, R. Jaya","doi":"10.2174/0118741495277728240508051048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495277728240508051048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of conventional concrete (CC) and Sisal Fiber Concrete (SFC) and incorporates sisal fiber into a concrete blend for the M25 grade concrete mix.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In order to evaluate the efficacy of both variations of concrete, mechanical and durability parameters were examined. As compared to CC, the results indicated that SFC had a substantially greater compressive strength. The average compressive strength of SFC at the 28-day was 29.47 N/mm2, which signified a significant incremental percentage growth of 9.58% in comparison to CC. In the same way, SFC exhibited an exceptional flexural strength, as evidenced by its mean value of 7.81 N/mm2, which represented a significant 34.42% improvement in comparison to CC. The Bayesian factor independent sample test yielded a t-test value of 12.495 for compressive strength, accompanied by a p-value below 0.001. These results suggest that the observed difference was statistically significant. Conversely, a t-test value of 19.380 and a p-value below 0.001 were produced by the Bayesian factor independent sample test for flexural strength, both of which further supported the existence of a significant difference. The mean disparity in compressive strength between CC and SFC was 5.1522 N/mm2, with a 95% confidence interval encompassing values between 4.2856 and 6.0188 N/mm2. In a similar manner, the mean discrepancy in flexural strength was 2.0000 N/mm2, accompanied by a 95% confidence interval that varied between 1.7831 and 2.2169 N/mm2.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The obtained results provide further evidence that SFC is stronger than CC in both compressive and flexural strength, which is consistent with the results obtained from the frequentist statistical analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 With its eco-friendly properties, sisal fiber concrete could indeed play a significant role in the future of sustainable construction.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Using Jute on the Compressive Strength of Concrete","authors":"Ram Krishna Shrestha, Mukil Alagirisamy, Purushottam Dangol, M. Shakya, C. Kawan, Om Prakash Giri","doi":"10.2174/0118741495313125240509113432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495313125240509113432","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Concrete comprises cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, and water, making it the most widespread construction material globally. However, while producing cement as an important component of concrete, it generates significant CO2 emissions, worsening global warming and environmental challenges worldwide.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aims to investigate the impact of incorporating jute fiber into concrete mixes of varying proportions to enhance compressive strength.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Concrete mixes of three grades were prepared, with varying percentages of jute (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2%) by weight of cement. Compressive strength tests were conducted at 7 and 28 days of curing.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It shows notable enhancements in strength, improvement of 15.07 % (for Nominal mix 1:1:2) and 20.29% (for Nominal mix 1:1.5:3 ) is at the addtion of 1% jute but 6.72% (for Nominal mix 1:2:4) is at addtion of 2% jute mix.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Findings suggest that adding jute fiber, particularly with higher cement content, significantly enhances concrete strength, emphasizing its potential as a reinforcing material for sustainable construction.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"5 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritizing Solutions to Mitigate Abandoned Housing Projects: Insights from AHP Analysis in Malaysia","authors":"Nur Farhayu Ariffin, Saidah An’nisaa Salam, M. Ali, Noram I Ramli, Omar Jamaludin","doi":"10.2174/0118741495286239240124111459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495286239240124111459","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The issue of abandoned housing projects is a persistent global concern that brings about detrimental impacts on various fronts, including stakeholders, the economy, and sustainability. In Malaysia, this problem has been prevalent since the 1970s, and despite the government's concerted efforts through incentives, policies and laws, the numbers of abandoned projects continue to rise. The incomplete nature of these housing projects poses risks to the surrounding environment, has social ramifications, and negatively affects the national economy. The consequences of abandoned housing projects extend directly to homebuyers, who emerge as the primary victims. These individuals face the disappointment of unfulfilled aspirations to own a property, coupled with the prolonged commitment to rental arrangements. The persistence of this issue underscores the urgency of finding effective and sustainable solutions to mitigate the impacts on individuals, communities and the broader economy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study's objectives are to identify and analyze the various factors that contribute to the prevalence of abandoned housing projects in Malaysia. Beisdes, a comprehensive set of solutions and strategies is proposed to address the identified contributing factors as well as prioritize solutions aimed at preventing abandoned housing projects in Malaysia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study employs a multi-faceted research approach, leveraging insights from three key sources: an expert panel consisting of 10 industry experts, comprehensive literature reviews, and a questionnaire survey. Through this triangulation of data, the study identifies six critical factors, associated sub-factors, and suitable solutions pertinent to the issue of abandoned housing projects in Malaysia. A qualitative research approach is adopted, engaging various stakeholders crucial to the housing development sector, including developers, contractors, consultants, and local authorities. Their perspectives contribute to a well-rounded understanding of the challenges and potential solutions. Solutions are specifically paired with corresponding factors, aligning with the unique roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder group. The analytical framework for the study involves the use of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This method facilitates the establishment of a pairwise relationship between factors and solutions related to abandoned housing projects in Malaysia. The AHP analysis adds a quantitative dimension, allowing for a systematic and structured evaluation of the relative importance and priority of each factor and its corresponding solution. By integrating insights from expert panels, literature reviews, and stakeholder engagement, and employing a rigorous analytical method like AHP, the study endeavors to provide a robust and nuanced understanding of the challenges surrounding abandoned housing projects and proposes practical solutions for the Malaysian context.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study's findings reveal a","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Incorporation of Spent Coffee Grounds as an Additive in Cement Ventilation Blocks","authors":"K. A. Shahid, Vignesh Ganesh, N. Ghazali","doi":"10.2174/0118741495286280240206073611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495286280240206073611","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The growing coffee industry has created a lot of waste in the form of spent coffee grounds (SCG), mainly disposed of through landfills. Recycling them into concrete construction products helps reduce their carbon effect on the atmosphere. According to earlier investigations, the SCGs have potential usage as supplemental construction materials across various civil engineering applications. However, the absence of thorough research and successful practical implementations in the sector necessitate further detailed studies in ventilation block application.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study investigates the workability, compressive strength, water absorption and thermal performance of cement mortar containing different percentages of SCG in ventilation block production.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Cement, sand, and water with the 1: 2.75: 0.6 ratio and different percentages of SCG are used in the mortar mix as additives. The specimens were cast in cubes (50 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm) to investigate the workability, strength, water absorption and dry density. Further, the ideal mix was chosen to produce ventilation blocks. The prototype cubicles made from the SCG ventilation blocks were used for continuous indoor temperature monitoring.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results show that adding high amounts of SCGs into mortar has decreased workability and compressive strength in cement mortar blocks. However, the water absorption has reduced with the increased percentage of SCG added to the mix. Based on the results, the SCG0.75 is the most suitable ratio to be used as it showed a flowability of 48%, a compressive strength of 12.574 MPa and water absorption of 6.107%, which is ideal for producing the ventilation block. In addition, the temperature monitoring results showed a reduction in the indoor temperature that used the SCG ventilation block.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This result suggests incorporating SCG in the ventilation block requires a suitable percentage of the SCG to fulfill the workability and strength of the block. Nevertheless, it may reduce indoor temperature, thus providing better thermal comfort. This study enables the SCG waste products to be used as sustainable materials in ventilation block production.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"107 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139781095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Incorporation of Spent Coffee Grounds as an Additive in Cement Ventilation Blocks","authors":"K. A. Shahid, Vignesh Ganesh, N. Ghazali","doi":"10.2174/0118741495286280240206073611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495286280240206073611","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The growing coffee industry has created a lot of waste in the form of spent coffee grounds (SCG), mainly disposed of through landfills. Recycling them into concrete construction products helps reduce their carbon effect on the atmosphere. According to earlier investigations, the SCGs have potential usage as supplemental construction materials across various civil engineering applications. However, the absence of thorough research and successful practical implementations in the sector necessitate further detailed studies in ventilation block application.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study investigates the workability, compressive strength, water absorption and thermal performance of cement mortar containing different percentages of SCG in ventilation block production.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Cement, sand, and water with the 1: 2.75: 0.6 ratio and different percentages of SCG are used in the mortar mix as additives. The specimens were cast in cubes (50 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm) to investigate the workability, strength, water absorption and dry density. Further, the ideal mix was chosen to produce ventilation blocks. The prototype cubicles made from the SCG ventilation blocks were used for continuous indoor temperature monitoring.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results show that adding high amounts of SCGs into mortar has decreased workability and compressive strength in cement mortar blocks. However, the water absorption has reduced with the increased percentage of SCG added to the mix. Based on the results, the SCG0.75 is the most suitable ratio to be used as it showed a flowability of 48%, a compressive strength of 12.574 MPa and water absorption of 6.107%, which is ideal for producing the ventilation block. In addition, the temperature monitoring results showed a reduction in the indoor temperature that used the SCG ventilation block.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This result suggests incorporating SCG in the ventilation block requires a suitable percentage of the SCG to fulfill the workability and strength of the block. Nevertheless, it may reduce indoor temperature, thus providing better thermal comfort. This study enables the SCG waste products to be used as sustainable materials in ventilation block production.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"80 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}