The Open Civil Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Suitability of Using LA Abrasion Machine for the Nano Manufacturing of Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Incorporating in Mortar Mixture","authors":"Yu Xuan Liew, R. Putra Jaya, Siew Choo Chin","doi":"10.2174/0118741495275547231110014043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495275547231110014043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In order to enhance the properties of palm oil fuel ash-based mortar, researchers have explored the concept of reducing palm oil fuel ash (POFA) to a nanoscale. While previous studies have utilized ball milling machines with high grinding speed to achieve nano-scale POFA, the Los Angeles abrasion machine, which is more readily available and has a slower grinding speed, has been rarely employed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study aimed to investigate the suitability of using a Los Angeles abrasion machine with a low grinding speed to produce nano palm oil fuel ash. This paper also provides a comparison of the effect of using the nano POFA with different particle sizes within the range of 982 to 150 nm on the mortar’s flowability and compressive strength.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To produce nano-size palm oil fuel ash using the Los Angeles abrasion machine, the received palm oil fuel ash was thermally treated and ground using a Los Angeles abrasion machine with varying grinding periods. The grinding process parameters were kept constant, but second grinding periods of 50,000, 80,000, and 110,000 cycles were introduced. All three types of nano palm oil fuel ash were analyzed for their physical properties, chemical properties, morphology, and mineralogy. Furthermore, these nano palm oil fuel ashes were incorporated into a designed mortar mix along with micro palm oil fuel ash. The mortar’s fresh properties and compressive strength at different curing ages were observed and analyzed. The relationship between various factors, such as the replacement rate of micro, nano palm oil fuel ash, the grinding cycles of nano POFA, and the corresponding responses, specifically the compressive strength at different curing ages, was analyzed and explained using the response surface methodology.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The 110k cycle nano palm oil fuel ash had a smaller particle size of 103.1 nm, while a particle size of 529 nm and 325 nm was found in the 50k and 80k cycle nano palm oil fuel ash. In terms of the combination of micro and nano palm oil fuel ash in the mortar, increasing the dosage of nano palm oil fuel ash contributed to improvements in flow diameter and compressive strength. However, the opposite trend was observed with micro palm oil fuel ash. The optimal mix design for the combination involved using 10% micro and 2 to 3% nano palm oil fuel ash. This composition led to an improvement rate of 7.9%, 1.48%, and 4.6% in compressive strength at 7, 28, and 90 days, respectively. While, the response surface methodology’s numerical optimization also supported the use of a similar combination. However, it additionally recommended employing the 50,000-cycle nano palm oil fuel ash in the mortar for earlier curing stages, while the 110,000-cycle nano palm oil fuel ash was suggested for later curing stages.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Los Angeles abrasion machine could be utilized to produce nano palm oil fuel ash with a particle size up to 103 nm with the aid of designed parameters. In this mortar mix design, the impact of a smal","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suitability of Using LA Abrasion Machine for the Nano Manufacturing of Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Incorporating in Mortar Mixture","authors":"Yu Xuan Liew, R. Putra Jaya, Siew Choo Chin","doi":"10.2174/0118741495275547231110014043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495275547231110014043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In order to enhance the properties of palm oil fuel ash-based mortar, researchers have explored the concept of reducing palm oil fuel ash (POFA) to a nanoscale. While previous studies have utilized ball milling machines with high grinding speed to achieve nano-scale POFA, the Los Angeles abrasion machine, which is more readily available and has a slower grinding speed, has been rarely employed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study aimed to investigate the suitability of using a Los Angeles abrasion machine with a low grinding speed to produce nano palm oil fuel ash. This paper also provides a comparison of the effect of using the nano POFA with different particle sizes within the range of 982 to 150 nm on the mortar’s flowability and compressive strength.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To produce nano-size palm oil fuel ash using the Los Angeles abrasion machine, the received palm oil fuel ash was thermally treated and ground using a Los Angeles abrasion machine with varying grinding periods. The grinding process parameters were kept constant, but second grinding periods of 50,000, 80,000, and 110,000 cycles were introduced. All three types of nano palm oil fuel ash were analyzed for their physical properties, chemical properties, morphology, and mineralogy. Furthermore, these nano palm oil fuel ashes were incorporated into a designed mortar mix along with micro palm oil fuel ash. The mortar’s fresh properties and compressive strength at different curing ages were observed and analyzed. The relationship between various factors, such as the replacement rate of micro, nano palm oil fuel ash, the grinding cycles of nano POFA, and the corresponding responses, specifically the compressive strength at different curing ages, was analyzed and explained using the response surface methodology.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The 110k cycle nano palm oil fuel ash had a smaller particle size of 103.1 nm, while a particle size of 529 nm and 325 nm was found in the 50k and 80k cycle nano palm oil fuel ash. In terms of the combination of micro and nano palm oil fuel ash in the mortar, increasing the dosage of nano palm oil fuel ash contributed to improvements in flow diameter and compressive strength. However, the opposite trend was observed with micro palm oil fuel ash. The optimal mix design for the combination involved using 10% micro and 2 to 3% nano palm oil fuel ash. This composition led to an improvement rate of 7.9%, 1.48%, and 4.6% in compressive strength at 7, 28, and 90 days, respectively. While, the response surface methodology’s numerical optimization also supported the use of a similar combination. However, it additionally recommended employing the 50,000-cycle nano palm oil fuel ash in the mortar for earlier curing stages, while the 110,000-cycle nano palm oil fuel ash was suggested for later curing stages.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Los Angeles abrasion machine could be utilized to produce nano palm oil fuel ash with a particle size up to 103 nm with the aid of designed parameters. In this mortar mix design, the impact of a smal","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"4 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139796211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Characteristics at Early Age of Cemented Silica Fume Paste for Peat Compaction Grouting","authors":"Alsidqi Hasan, Lolom Evalita Hutabarat","doi":"10.2174/0118741495282395231218094058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495282395231218094058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Cemented Silica Fume Paste (CSFP) is currently being investigated for compaction grouting material to improve peat ground engineering properties. The CSFP is made in the laboratory using a proportional mixture of silica fume, cement binder, and tap water. The silica fume material is a byproduct of the metal processing industry, which critically requires a better alternative utilization in the near future in order to cut the storage cost and minimize the environmental impact.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This paper aims to present preliminary results on the engineering characteristics of CSFP at an early age through a series of rheological and strength tests. A general observation of the physical properties and microstructure of CSFP is also presented.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The CSFP specimens with cement binder range from 0% to 30% with the increment of 5% and Water-to-Solid (W/S) ratio ranges from 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 were prepared and tested. A series of rheology test and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests were carried out for the CSFP specimens at an early age. The data were analyzed statistically and mathematical formulation is presented.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results indicate that CSFP mixtures behave as pseudoplastic or shear thinning fluid, where the shear stress and viscosity depend highly on the shear rates. The higher the shear rates, the higher the shear stress and the lower the viscosity. Curve fitting showed that the best relationship between shear stress and shear rate is the power law function (Ostwald–de Waele relationship). Statistical parameters, k, n, R2 of the power law functions are reported. There was no good correlation found between the power law function statistical parameters and the cement content. The UCS tests showed that the shear strength increases with the amount of cement content. The actual W/S reduces as the cement content increases, which is attributed to the cement hydration.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The CSFP mixtures were found to be a pseudoplastic or shear thinning fluid at an early age that provides an advantage during the material injection on the ground. Cemented Silica Fume Paste can be potentially used as compaction grout to improve peat. The current findings provide a better understanding of the CSFP characteristics and to better design CSFP to be injected into peat ground.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Characteristics at Early Age of Cemented Silica Fume Paste for Peat Compaction Grouting","authors":"Alsidqi Hasan, Lolom Evalita Hutabarat","doi":"10.2174/0118741495282395231218094058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495282395231218094058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Cemented Silica Fume Paste (CSFP) is currently being investigated for compaction grouting material to improve peat ground engineering properties. The CSFP is made in the laboratory using a proportional mixture of silica fume, cement binder, and tap water. The silica fume material is a byproduct of the metal processing industry, which critically requires a better alternative utilization in the near future in order to cut the storage cost and minimize the environmental impact.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This paper aims to present preliminary results on the engineering characteristics of CSFP at an early age through a series of rheological and strength tests. A general observation of the physical properties and microstructure of CSFP is also presented.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The CSFP specimens with cement binder range from 0% to 30% with the increment of 5% and Water-to-Solid (W/S) ratio ranges from 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 were prepared and tested. A series of rheology test and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests were carried out for the CSFP specimens at an early age. The data were analyzed statistically and mathematical formulation is presented.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results indicate that CSFP mixtures behave as pseudoplastic or shear thinning fluid, where the shear stress and viscosity depend highly on the shear rates. The higher the shear rates, the higher the shear stress and the lower the viscosity. Curve fitting showed that the best relationship between shear stress and shear rate is the power law function (Ostwald–de Waele relationship). Statistical parameters, k, n, R2 of the power law functions are reported. There was no good correlation found between the power law function statistical parameters and the cement content. The UCS tests showed that the shear strength increases with the amount of cement content. The actual W/S reduces as the cement content increases, which is attributed to the cement hydration.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The CSFP mixtures were found to be a pseudoplastic or shear thinning fluid at an early age that provides an advantage during the material injection on the ground. Cemented Silica Fume Paste can be potentially used as compaction grout to improve peat. The current findings provide a better understanding of the CSFP characteristics and to better design CSFP to be injected into peat ground.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"137 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of POFA-Pervious Concrete Performance with Oil Palm Shells as a Partial Aggregate Replacement","authors":"M. F. M. Jaafar, K. Muthusamy","doi":"10.2174/0118741495285498240118064201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495285498240118064201","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In Malaysia today, periods of excessive rain can result in flooding poses a significant challenge. The existing drainage system struggles to manage the wastewater effectively. In addressing the persistent issue of flooding in Malaysia, this issue’s solution was recommended to introduce pervious concrete (PC). Recognizing the urgency of finding sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions, the present study focuses on the application of PC as a potential remedy that allows water to infiltrate through its porous structure.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Despite the potential benefits of PC, there exists a notable gap in the understanding of its performance, especially when incorporating oil palm shells (OPS) as a partial aggregate replacement in POFA-pervious concrete (PPC). OPS is an agricultural waste material abundant in palm oil-producing regions, remarkably in Malaysia. This research aims to bridge this gap to evaluate the performance of PPC and PPC with OPS. By addressing the performance of PPC at different OPS replacement levels and curing ages, the lack of such detailed investigations in the existing body of knowledge underscores the novelty and importance of this present research.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of PPC and PPC incorporating OPS comprising density, water absorption, void content, and compressive strength. All the tests were conducted at 7 and 28 days after the hardened concrete was cured in water.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results revealed that as the OPS content increased, the compressive strength of PPC with OPS decreased but was significantly higher than recommended in the standard. Conversely, the reduction in strength was accompanied by an improvement in water absorption, making PPC encompassing OPS suitable for applications. The void content of the PPC increased with higher OPS replacement levels, indicating an increase in porosity. This increase in porosity led to a decrease in the density of the PPC incorporating OPS.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The findings of this research suggest that the incorporation of OPS as an aggregate replacement in PPC can offer advantages in terms of water absorption. The inclusion of 10% OPS significantly and positively affects the performance of PPC.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140488721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Filter Material on the Permeability of Sapric Peat in Flexible Wall Permeability Tests","authors":"Walter Janting Anak Ngelambai, Alsidqi Hasan","doi":"10.2174/0118741495281189240117063521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495281189240117063521","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Installation of Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVDs) is one of the alternatives for ground improvement used in peatland deposits. However, filter paper is commonly used as standard filter material to determine the permeability of peat rather than the PVD material itself.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This paper presents preliminary data on the effect of using two different filter materials on the permeability behavior of Sapric peat.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A series of flexible wall permeability tests (FWPTs) was conducted to evaluate the peat permeability behavior under compression using two filter materials. This study compared Whatman standard filter paper and Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD), which is a non-woven geotextile filter material.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results showed that both tests using filter paper and a PVD filter exhibited a high initial coefficient of permeability, which depends on the hydraulic gradient. The coefficient of permeability significantly decreased until a certain period and then diminished with time. The coefficient of permeability from PVD filter tests was found to be approximately 2.6 times higher than that of the standard filter paper under the same compression. The duration required to reach a semi-steady state flow condition from the PVD test was 0.9 times faster than the standard filter paper. The random error of the coefficient of permeability data from the tests using the PVD filter was lower than the data of the standard filter paper.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This preliminary result suggests that standard filter material might not represent the actual coefficient of permeability of Sapric peat. The coefficient of permeability value was less consistent compared to the PVD filter. The selection of filter material plays a crucial role in ensuring accurate and reliable results, especially when dealing with PVD construction in peat. Using the PVD filter in FWPT appears to be suitable for the design of PVD in peat. The findings of this study contribute to evaluating the correct parameters for engineers to design and analyze the effectiveness of the ground treatment method using PVD in peat.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140489837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Assessment of the Influence of Soil Type on the Nonlinear Seismic Response of a Corroded Reinforced Concrete Portal Frame","authors":"Lahoucine Idhamou, Mohamed Mansouri, A. Lakhouili","doi":"10.2174/0118741495283898240103091120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495283898240103091120","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Most researchers have focused on the effect of rebar corrosion on the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. On the other hand, the influence of chloride corrosion of reinforced concrete in combination with soil type on the seismic behaviour of RC columns has not been investigated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This paper investigates the influence of soil characteristics on the seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete structures. The case study in focus is a reinforced concrete portal frame with columns exhibiting corrosion at ground level.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Chloride ingress initiates corrosion and reduces the cross-sectional area of the corroded concrete steel. In addition, this research considers two different soil types, namely rocky and loose, as relevant factors in the analysis. Firstly, the seismic loads are determined according to the Moroccan seismic building code RPS2011. Then, the evaluation of the evolution of the diameter of corroded bars due to chloride induced corrosion is investigated. Finally, pushover analysis is used to determine the location of the performance point on the capacity curve.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study also includes an investigation of the ductility characteristics of corroded reinforced concrete structures and the inter-storey displacement in different soil conditions. The results show that the inter-storey displacement decreases with increasing age of the structure. In addition, it is observed that the base shear force and roof displacement at the point of failure are more sensitive in loose soils compared to rocky soils.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results indicate that consideration of soil type can significantly alter the expected seismic performance, resulting in higher vulnerability values.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"496 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140502670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydraulic Modelling for Leakage Reduction in Water Distribution Systems Through Pressure Control","authors":"M. Alsaydalani","doi":"10.2174/0118741495289971240112101323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495289971240112101323","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Leakage in a water distribution network makes up a significant amount of loss. In certain countries, this loss represents 40% to 50% of the supplied water, whereas the global average for most systems is estimated at around 30%. Furthermore, water demand is increasing as a result of population growth, while resources are dwindling.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study used hydraulic modelling for leakage reduction through pressure control. For this purpose, a hydraulic model was created using the software EPANET for a selected water distribution network in a district-metered zone in Jeddah. The model was calibrated and validated for the district-metered zone using data obtained by SCADA. Pressure management using a pressure-reduction valve was then implemented to control the amount of leakage in water distribution systems.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The preliminary findings show that pressure optimization was required as there were nodes within the network that had excessive pressure. Application of pressure management to the district metered zone showed that the reduction in water pressure from 5 bar to 2 bar resulted in an immediate reduction in water losses. The leakage volume through the district-metered area at the time of maximum pressure dropped by 10% after pressure reduction. Simultaneously, the minimum required pressure was upheld at each demand node, preventing any lack of pressure in the water distribution system.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results indicated that pressure control should be integrated with hydraulic modelling for effective leakage reduction. This research could help water-supply companies as a support tool for planning and managing leakage in water distribution systems.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140503150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic Response Analysis of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Tank Constructed on Loess Soil","authors":"Jiaqi Ren, Mohammadreza Vafaei, S. Alih","doi":"10.2174/0118741495287119240109102053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495287119240109102053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Liquid storage tanks are an essential container structure widely used in various industries. In earthquake disasters, liquid storage tanks cause not only direct disasters but also induce secondary severe disasters, such as fires, explosions, nuclear leaks, and human and animal poisoning. The latest research on seismic analysis of structures showed that soils with different stiffness can affect the seismic response characteristics of surface structures, and various irregular topographies can also alter the degree of seismic-induced damage to surface structures. Studying the seismic response of liquid storage tanks can mitigate the risk of earthquake damage to these vital structures.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study used finite element simulations. Three sizes of liquid storage tanks with different aspect ratios were selected, including the squat, square, and slender tanks. Three conditions were considered for the tanks' liquid: empty, half-filled, and fully filled. Two types of topographies were considered, including flat and step-like slope topography with an inclination angle of 116.6°. Nine natural earthquake records were used for seismic analysis and divided into three categories: high-frequency, medium-frequency, and low-frequency. Established finite element models were validated through comparison with the results of other studies. The dynamic time history analysis was carried out for each finite element model. The tank's base shear forces, the normal stress in the tank wall, the shear stress in the tank bottom, and the maximum displacement of the tank wall were measured and compared.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The step-like slope topography and loess soil significantly amplified the seismic response of the liquid storage tank. Moreover, as the liquid height and the tanks’ aspect ratio increased, the seismic damage intensity also increased. The seismic response of the liquid storage tank was generally more sensitive to low-frequency and medium-frequency seismic records. The Eurocode 8’s equation underestimated tanks’ base shear when located on a step-like slope topography.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The obtained results demonstrated the significant effect of irregular topography and loess soil on the seismic response of liquid storage tanks. Therefore, it was concluded that they should be considered when liquid storage tanks are designed for seismic actions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140506359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timely Constructed and Enhanced Lining for Managing Extensive Deformations of Tunnel in Coal Stratum: A Case Study","authors":"Yiming Wang, Hazrina Mansor, T. K. David","doi":"10.2174/0118741495284171231226062346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118741495284171231226062346","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The Sanlian Tunnel case study exemplifies that even after implementing the initial support within the coal stratum, the surrounding rocks exhibited ongoing deformation devoid of stabilization indications. Addressing this issue calls for innovative control technologies that mitigate extensive deformations and redefine safe and sustainable coal stratum tunnel construction.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The field experiment was adopted to select the appropriate technical measures to control extensive deformations. Three experiment schemes were developed and applied to the construction. Scheme One was the enhanced initial support structure, and Scheme Two was the combined use of enhanced initial support structure, lengthened sidewall anchor rods and added steel pipe piles. Scheme Three was the “timely constructed and enhanced lining structure” proposed on the basis of Scheme Two, and the secondary lining was applied if the horizontal displacement exceeded 450mm. Then, field observations of displacements and stresses were implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of different experimental schemes in controlling extensive deformations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Scheme One and Two cannot control extensive deformations effectively, as the displacement of the initial support continued to increase with no sign of stabilization. Regarding Scheme Three, structural deformation progressively attained a state of stability around 80 days subsequent to the secondary lining construction. Additionally, the stress within the support structure remains stable below the permissible threshold, affirming the secure condition.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Emanating from the field monitoring results, it is evident that the suggested “timely constructed and enhanced lining structure” scheme control technology holds substantial promise for practical implementation in engineering scenarios.\u0000","PeriodicalId":350575,"journal":{"name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","volume":"42 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}