{"title":"Alimentation et dessiccation en contexte saharien","authors":"M. Gélard","doi":"10.3167/ame.2020.150206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ame.2020.150206","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This text touches on the consumption of dry or dried products from the point of view of valorization and dessication as a norm of the “good”. Dried foods are also those which can circulate in the intra- and extranational migratory contexts thus allowing the commonality of sharing in absence. They also allow us to establish a clear distinction between human foods and demonic foods. And at last, they are the only ones to possess healing powers in the universe of therapeutic rituals linked to alimentation.Résumé :Ce texte propose d’aborder la consommation des produits secs et/ou séchés dans une perspective de valorisation de la dessiccation comme norme du « bon ». Les nourritures séchées sont aussi celles qui peuvent circuler dans le contexte migratoire intra et extranational permettant le partage au travers de la commensalité des absents. Elles permettent d’établir une nette distinction entre nourritures humaines et nourritures démoniaques. Enfin, elles seules possèdent des pouvoirs de guérison dans l’univers des rituels thérapeutiques liés à l’alimentation.","PeriodicalId":35036,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology of the Middle East","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41915804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cacher, festive et végétarienne","authors":"Sophie Nizard","doi":"10.3167/ame.2020.150209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ame.2020.150209","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: While meat food is valued socially and symbolically as a part of traditional Jewish culinary culture, vegetarianism and veganism among Jews increased quite spectacularly over the past decade, especially in the USA and in Israel. According to rabbis and to interviewees themselves this new way of eating rooted in the Hebrew Bible and in the rabbinic literature. Indeed causing any cruelty or suffering to animals is prohibited according to these sacred sources; this is an absolute principle. Such changes are having effects on the increment of the Cacher, products that are certified “green” and on the increase of vegan friendly restaurants in Israel. The narrative of Jewish women about their food and culinary practices shows those ongoing changes which are often not the result of ideological radical choices.Résumé : Alors que la viande et les produits carnés sont fortement valorisés par la culture culinaire juive traditionnelle, on assiste depuis une dizaine d’années à un développement spectaculaire des pratiques végétariennes ou véganes en milieu juif, en particulier aux Etats-Unis et en Israël. Cette nouvelle manière de manger est justifiée par les mangeurs eux-mêmes et par nombre de rabbins comme prenant sa source dans la Bible hébraïque et dans la littérature rabbinique. En effet, l’interdit de causer de la souffrance aux animaux apparaît comme un principe fort des textes de la tradition juive. Ces changements sont repérables du fait de l’augmentation de l’offre en Israël (apparition de produits green et certifiés « sans matière animale » dans les supermarchés, multiplication de restaurants vegan friendly). Les discours de femmes juives sur leurs pratiques alimentaires et culinaires, recueillis au début de l’année 2020, viennent illustrer ces changements qui s’avèrent progressifs et sont rarement le résultat de choix idéologiques radicaux.","PeriodicalId":35036,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology of the Middle East","volume":"15 1","pages":"104-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49643224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"De Berlin à la conquête du monde","authors":"S. Tapia","doi":"10.3167/ame.2020.150214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ame.2020.150214","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Döner-kebab became the emblem of Turkish gastronomy. It is nowadays present in all the world. In fact, this culinary preparation is somewhat new in Turkey, and in its worldwide form of sandwich, it appears in Germany with the immigration of Turkish workers, and being offered by the Turks, the Greeks and the Lebanese cooks. However, it is not known by the other Turkic countries, except if imported by Turkish migrants. Turkish Gastronoms and Gourmets are often sad to see that this speciality became the symbol of Turkish cuisine in foreign countries.Résumé : Le döner-kebab est devenu la spécialité emblématique de la cuisine turque, aujourd’hui consommé dans le monde entier. En réalité, c’est une préparation apparue relativement récemment en Turquie et sous sa forme internationale avec l’immigration turque en Allemagne. Il est revendiqué par les Turcs, les Grecs ou les Libanais, mais reste étranger aux autres pays turcophones, sauf importation récente apportée par les immigrés turcs. Gastronomes et gourmets turcs sont souvent attristés de voir que cette préparation est devenue le symbole de la cuisine turque à l’étranger.","PeriodicalId":35036,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology of the Middle East","volume":"15 1","pages":"194-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49326677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sortir Manger / Eating Out","authors":"G. Gillot","doi":"10.3167/ame.2020.150212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ame.2020.150212","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Textile workers in Morocco are a vulnerable group. Subjected to exhausting working conditions, poorly paid, often poorly nourished, their lives are structured around working and cooking. Although they say have no leisure activities, they often eat outside. Picnics provide good opportunities for relaxation and above all allow them to make themselves visible throughout the city. This practice gives the textile workers of Rabat and Tangier an experience of urbanness that allows them to appropriate the whole city, to take their time, and to exist as city dwellers. This article is based on a survey carried out as part of an IRD program from 2012 to 2018.Résumé :Les ouvrières du textile au Maroc constituent une population vulnérable. Soumises à des conditions de travail épuisantes, mal payées, souvent mal nourries, leurs journées sont rythmées par le travail et les repas. Si elles ne se reconnaissent aucun loisir, elles sortent pourtant souvent manger à l’extérieur. Les pique-niques sont des moments privilégiés de détente et surtout ils permettent de se déployer dans la ville et de se rendre visibles. Grâce à cette pratique, les ouvrières du textile de Rabat et Tanger expérimentent une urbanité qui leur permet de s’approprier toute la ville, de prendre leur temps et d’exister en tant que citadines. Cet article repose sur une enquête menée dans le cadre d’un programme IRD de 2012 à 2018.","PeriodicalId":35036,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology of the Middle East","volume":"15 1","pages":"152-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43465123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"L’estomac, le chemin du coeur et la transformation du monde","authors":"Marie-Hélène Sauner-Leroy","doi":"10.3167/ame.2020.150210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ame.2020.150210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Based on a survey carried out with middle-class, married, practicing and non-practicing Muslim women living in Istanbul, this work is focused on female relational networks, their link to cooking and gender relations. The article argues that the disruptions, modifications and accommodations put in place by women and men in their management of everyday life are reflected through daily food practices. The study emphasises the pivotal role of older women in the changes in male/female relationships. The disruptions do not seem to be based on one’s positional relation to religion, but rather on one’s belonging to age, class, or social status.Résumé : Fondé sur une enquête réalisée avec des femmes de la classe moyenne, mariées, musulmanes pratiquantes et non-pratiquantes et résidant à Istanbul, ce travail s’est intéressé aux réseaux relationnels féminins, à leur lien au culinaire et aux relations de genre. Par le biais des pratiques alimentaires sont ainsi abordés les ruptures, les évolutions et accommodements mis en place par les femmes et les hommes dans leur gestion du quotidien. L’article insiste sur le rôle pivot des aînées dans les changements des rapports homme / femme. Les fractures ne semblent pas fondées sur le positionnement vis-à-vis de la religion, mais bien plutôt sur l’appartenance à une classe d’âge, ou à une classe sociale.","PeriodicalId":35036,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology of the Middle East","volume":"15 1","pages":"119-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43767157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Le “7 épices” libanais","authors":"A. Kanafani-Zahar","doi":"10.3167/ame.2020.150204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ame.2020.150204","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé : Le piment de Jamaïque, une épice peu connue en France, est au coeur de la cuisine libanaise, du littoral comme de l’intérieur des terres, domestique et professionnelle. Elle est indispensable dans les mets carnés et, par affection et attachement, dans des préparations non carnées de légumes, de légumes secs et de plantes potagères. Son ampleur aromatique est telle qu’avec d’autres épices, elle est jugée la plus performante pour débarrasser les viandes et les abats de la zankha, miasme honni des Libanais, et pour les parfumer. Pour les jeunes générations, le mélange « 7 épices » partage des prérogatives similaires. Après avoir analysé le lien entre carné, zankha, et épice, ce texte s’interroge sur la pertinence d’un mélange aromatique dans la composition culinaire.Abstract: Little known in France, allspice is at the heart of the Lebanese cuisine, of the littoral and inland, among home and restaurant cooks. It is imperative for meat preparations, and, by affection and attachment, in vegetable and pulse dishes. Its aromatic scope is such that, with other spices, it is deemed most efficient to invalidate meats and offal from zankha, an abhorred miasma, and to bestow fragrance to them. For younger generations, the “7 spice mixture” shares similar prerogatives. After analysing the correlation between meat, zankha and spice, this study ponders on the pertinence of an aromatic mixture in the elaboration of culinary compositions in Lebanon.","PeriodicalId":35036,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology of the Middle East","volume":"15 1","pages":"34-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48846861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Islamic Immaterial Culture and Ethnopolitical Symbols in Georgia and the Russian Federation","authors":"B. Rezvani","doi":"10.3167/ame.2020.150107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ame.2020.150107","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the ethno-political and immaterial cultural representations of Russia’s and Georgia’s Muslim minorities as reflected in their anthroponyms, toponyms, flags and coats of arms. It is obvious that Such representations reflect cultural expressions, as they may depict ethnic or religious symbols. Both Russia’s and Georgia’s attitudes towards Islamic cultural expressions are rather liberal. Symbols and names tell a lot about a people’s cultural freedom and orientation. However, it appears from research that religious practice and freedom do not necessarily correlate perfectly with representation of symbols. In accordance with the legacy of the Soviet nationalities policy, by which certain ethnic groups were afforded privileges in an autonomous region, the current representations of immaterial culture and ethno-political culture seem to have a territorial rationale.","PeriodicalId":35036,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology of the Middle East","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48491055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reimagining Democracy through Syria’s Wartime Sharia Committees","authors":"E. LeBlanc","doi":"10.3167/ame.2020.150106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ame.2020.150106","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines Syrians’ narratives about the network of Sharia Committees (Hay’āt al-Sharia) that emerged as the most pervasive and popular legal project during the ongoing civil war. Many Syrians formerly excluded from political power, especially working-class Sunnis, envision the Sharia Committees as a revolutionary space for realising self-determination, where sharia is articulated as a democratic legal process embedded in its ostensibly inherent pluralism, flexibility, anti-authoritarianism and conception of justice as reconciliation and public good. By reviving a historically recurrent vision of sharia as radical democratic practice, Syrians attempt to extricate sharia from its entanglements with efforts to govern. The Sharia Committees thus represent a creative effort to reclaim democracy from state control while challenging rigid, rule-oriented understandings of sharia.","PeriodicalId":35036,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology of the Middle East","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43399721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clothing and Colours in Early Islam","authors":"Hadas Hirsch","doi":"10.3167/ame.2020.150108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ame.2020.150108","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the colour subtext in the founding texts of Islam, namely, the Koran and jurisprudence. These texts were the raw material to create a scale of colours appropriate and inappropriate for clothing, and to analyse the role of colours in differentiating among subjected groups. Colours were positioned on a scale as preferred, permitted or prohibited for clothing based on their symbolic interpretations and perceptions of adornment and aesthetics. The use of colours for clothing as a means to establish and reinforce gendered differentiation reflects the patriarchal and hierarchal nature of Muslim societies. The other use of colours was to create religious-political differentiation between the Muslim ruling elite and two different subject populations, namely, their non-Muslim tributaries and rebels against the regime.","PeriodicalId":35036,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology of the Middle East","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/ame.2020.150108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43852910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Legal Debate on the Phenomenon of ‘White Marriages’ in Contemporary Iran","authors":"M. Rodziewicz","doi":"10.3167/ame.2020.150105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ame.2020.150105","url":null,"abstract":"The rising popularity of ‘white marriages’, relationships between a man and a woman who live together but are not married, has caused a commotion in the Iranian public sphere in the last few years. The debate includes state institutions and religious circles, who feel anxious about the change in gender relations among Iranians, but also academics who elaborate on the causes and consequences of the phenomenon. An important aspect of this controversy concerns legal issues, since according to Shiite law any intimate relationship of an unmarried couple is considered illegal. This article analyses this key aspect of the ongoing dispute and attempts to elaborate on the question of how the gap between people’s expectations and desires and the legal capacity of Islamic rulings is addressed in contemporary Iran.","PeriodicalId":35036,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology of the Middle East","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46961420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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