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How to Understand the Body with the Body. Phenomenological Contribution to Overcoming the Limits of Mechanistic Paradigm in Physiotherapy 如何用身体理解身体。现象学对克服物理治疗中机械范式局限性的贡献
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2022.533
P. Kříž, Jan Halák
{"title":"How to Understand the Body with the Body. Phenomenological Contribution to Overcoming the Limits of Mechanistic Paradigm in Physiotherapy","authors":"P. Kříž, Jan Halák","doi":"10.46938/tv.2022.533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2022.533","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to explain how Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological account of embodiment contributes to the theory and practice of physiotherapy. The mechanistic conception of the body, to which physiotherapy usually refers, assumes a universal model of its functioning and interprets its relationship to the environment causally. In fact, however, it does not allow a satisfactory explanation of the efficiency of the therapeutic methods used in practice. In contrast, Merleau-Ponty’s concept of motor intentionality points to the fact that the body “understands” the practical meaning of a situation. Bodily understanding is then manifested in particular by the ability to adequately differentiate, adapt or vary motor and postural responses to environmental challenges. This change in the conception of embodiment also has important implications for understanding the therapist-patient relationship and the intervention itself. Physiotherapists should draw more on the fact that they are themselves a body and, on this basis, guide the patient’s bodily intentionality towards a more developed understanding of the practical meaning of situations.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122848855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Filosofie je napsaná v převeliké knize vesmíru. Po čtyřech stoletích vyšel Galileův Prubíř
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2022.548
Vojtěch Bernacik
{"title":"Filosofie je napsaná v převeliké knize vesmíru. Po čtyřech stoletích vyšel Galileův Prubíř","authors":"Vojtěch Bernacik","doi":"10.46938/tv.2022.548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2022.548","url":null,"abstract":"Recenze knihy: Galilei, Galileo. Prubíř. Překlad Markéta Ledvoňová a Jana Malá. Odborná spolupráce a komentáře Markéta Ledvoňová, Daniel Špelda a Vladimír Štefl. Praha: Togga, 2020. 354 stran.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127186315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dirac’s Refined Unification Of Quantum Mechanics And Special Relativity: An Intertheoretic Context 狄拉克对量子力学和狭义相对论的精细统一:一个理论间的背景
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2022.518
R. M. Nugayev (Nugaev)
{"title":"Dirac’s Refined Unification Of Quantum Mechanics And Special Relativity: An Intertheoretic Context","authors":"R. M. Nugayev (Nugaev)","doi":"10.46938/tv.2022.518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2022.518","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key episodes of history of modern physics – Paul Dirac’s startling contrivance of the relativistic theory of the electron – is elicited in the context of lucid epistemological model of mature theory change. The peculiar character of Dirac’s synthesis of special relativity and quantum mechanics is revealed by comparison with Einstein’s sophisticated methodology of the General Relativity contrivance. The subtle structure of Dirac’s scientific research program and first and foremost the odd principles that put up its powerful heuristics is scrutinized with special emphasis on the highly controversial tenet of “mathematical beauty.” It is contended that despite the relentless Dirac’s remarks denigrating the controversial role of philosophy one can trace its indirect influence through Arthur Eddington’s and Hermann Weyl’s whimsical mathematical models. Accordingly, the milestones of Dirac’s research programme realization in the distinctive context of the applied epistemological doctrine are indicated.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124811177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paul Lazarsfeld's Contributions to the History of Empirical Social Research 保罗·拉扎斯菲尔德对实证社会研究史的贡献
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2021.508
H. Jeřábek
{"title":"Paul Lazarsfeld's Contributions to the History of Empirical Social Research","authors":"H. Jeřábek","doi":"10.46938/tv.2021.508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2021.508","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1960s Paul F. Lazarsfeld, co-founder of the renowned Columbia school, worked to promote a useful new research methodology. This paper analyses these activities. In a series of papers, Lazarsfeld demonstrated that the roots of empirical research, the useful methodology he developed, lie in the work of early European scholars. Building on his belief that quantification does not need numbers, he showed that Hermann Conring, with his “classificatory statistics,” had predated Frédéric Le Play and his “ family budgets” and Adolphe Quételet and his “probability statistics” by almost two centuries. In another paper he highlighted the importance of Max Weber’s empirical studies on agrarian and industrial workers within the frame of his life work. His seminars at Columbia University with Robert K. Merton and at the Sorbonne with Raymond Boudon opened up transatlantic cooperation on empirical research between New York and Paris for decades to come.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124889690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Perspectivism and Special Relativity 透视主义与狭义相对论
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2021.516
Mahdi Khalili
{"title":"Perspectivism and Special Relativity","authors":"Mahdi Khalili","doi":"10.46938/tv.2021.516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2021.516","url":null,"abstract":"The special theory of relativity holds significant interest for scientific perspectivists. In this paper, I distinguish between two related meanings of “perspectival,” and argue that reference frames are perspectives, provided that perspectival means “being conditional” rather than “being partial.” Frame-dependent properties such as length, time duration, and simultaneity, are not partially measured in a reference frame, but their measurements are conditional on the choice of frame. I also discuss whether the constancy of the speed of light depends on perspectival factors such as the idealized definition of the speed of light in a perfect vacuum and the Einstein synchronization convention. Furthermore, I argue for the view that the constancy of its speed is a robust property of light according to the conditions of currently acceptable experimental setups pertaining to special relativity, and conclude that this view supports perspectivism.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126739034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Worldmaking as an Approach to Scientific Pluralism 世界建构:科学多元主义的途径
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2021.510
Nicole Fišerová
{"title":"Worldmaking as an Approach to Scientific Pluralism","authors":"Nicole Fišerová","doi":"10.46938/tv.2021.510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2021.510","url":null,"abstract":"This study discusses the extent to which Goodman’s constructivist conception of worldmaking may serve the needs of scientific practice. I argue that worldmaking should help us retain a common methodological order and a basic framework for scientific pluralism. In this way it should provide us not only with better scientific knowledge but also with a greater understanding of the world in general that would be inclusive of both scientific and nonscientific disciplines. The main purpose of this paper is to show that, if revisited, Goodman’s idea of versions, including even mutually exclusive scientific theories, can aid the gradual progress of pluralistic science. Taking the prevailing criticism of Goodman’s conception into account, I argue that worldmaking can serve as a methodological apparatus for scientific disciplines because it presents a position of moderated constructivism which, thanks to the variable criterion of rightness, offers a way to maintain both relativism and skepticism.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133870008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"Hypotheses fingimus": Cartesian Natural Philosophy 笛卡尔自然哲学的假说
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2021.517
Daniel Špelda
{"title":"\"Hypotheses fingimus\": Cartesian Natural Philosophy","authors":"Daniel Špelda","doi":"10.46938/tv.2021.517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2021.517","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I would like to present the methodological views of two representatives of the early modern Cartesian school: Jacques Rohault and Pierre-Sylvain Régis. Firstly, I want to present the methodological objections of Cartesians to Aristotelian and Scholastic natural philosophy. Then, I want to show how Cartesians strived for a combination of empirical and speculative procedures in their explanations of natural processes. Lastly, I would like to explain the reasons and forms of the hypothetical methodology which was significant for Cartesian natural philosophy. My aim is to refute the idea of the methodological naivety of Cartesians and point out the importance of hypothetical reasoning in the genesis of modern science.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115296006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Grand Theory Is Alive: An Interview with Jonathan H. Turner 大理论还活着:专访乔纳森·h·特纳
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2021.519
J. Turner, P. Jedlicka
{"title":"The Grand Theory Is Alive: An Interview with Jonathan H. Turner","authors":"J. Turner, P. Jedlicka","doi":"10.46938/tv.2021.519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2021.519","url":null,"abstract":"Jonathan H. Turner is the Distinguished Professor of Sociology at the University of California at Riverside and, for many decades, the world’s leading authority on sociological theory, with research interests in many other areas such as human and societal evolution, social stratification and inequality, philosophy of science, and historical sociology. Professor Turner has authored, co-authored, edited, or co-edited a number of works, including more than 43 influential books, which have been published in twelve different languages, including The Structure of Sociological Theory, The Emergence of Sociological Theory, and many others. He is a member of the American Sociological Association and a former president of the Pacific Sociological Society and the journal editor for Sociological Theory. Professor Turner received a B.A. with honors from University of California at Santa Barbara, a M.A. and a doctorate in sociology from Cornell University. The interview is Professor Turner’s critical reply to the arguments raised in the article “Against Grand Theories: A (Cautionary) Tale of Two Disciplines,” which presents the view that universally accepted grand theories in social sciences are not achievable because of the lack of a common methodology or a theoretical core which results in their multiparadigmatic nature, value-leadenness and insufficient objectivity. The interview took place on March 23, 2021 online.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128879259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Manifesto for Messy Philosophy of Technology: The History and Future of an Academic Field 凌乱的技术哲学宣言:一个学术领域的历史与未来
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2020.491
G. Swer, J. du Toit
{"title":"A Manifesto for Messy Philosophy of Technology: The History and Future of an Academic Field","authors":"G. Swer, J. du Toit","doi":"10.46938/tv.2020.491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2020.491","url":null,"abstract":"Philosophy of technology was not initially considered a consolidated field of inquiry. However, under the influence of sociology and pragmatist philosophy, something resembling a consensus has emerged in a field previously marked by a lack of agreement amongst its practitioners. This has given the field a greater sense of structure and yielded interesting research. However, the loss of the earlier “messy” state has resulted in a limitation of the field’s scope and methodology that precludes an encompassing view of the problematic issues inherent in the question of technology. It is argued that the heterodox disunity and diversity of earlier philosophy of technology was not a mark of theoretical immaturity but was necessitated by the field’s complex subject matter. It is further argued that philosophy of technology should return to its pluralistic role as a meta-analytical structure linking insights from different fields of research.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114346243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Philosophy and History of Science in Collaboration with Academic Institutions in Great Britain and the USA in 2019 2019年与英美学术机构合作举办“哲学与科学史”项目
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2020.496
Tomasz Hermann
{"title":"Philosophy and History of Science in Collaboration with Academic Institutions in Great Britain and the USA in 2019","authors":"Tomasz Hermann","doi":"10.46938/tv.2020.496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2020.496","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132302146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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