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Teorie vědy / Theory of Science最新文献

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The Subjective Perception of Music: Stanislav Vomela and Subjective Research in Psychophysiology in 1930s Czechoslovakia 音乐的主观感知:斯坦尼斯拉夫·沃梅拉与1930年代捷克斯洛伐克心理生理学的主观研究
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2022.542
Ivan Loginov
{"title":"The Subjective Perception of Music: Stanislav Vomela and Subjective Research in Psychophysiology in 1930s Czechoslovakia","authors":"Ivan Loginov","doi":"10.46938/tv.2022.542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2022.542","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the subjective psychophysiological research of the so-called subjective audition conducted by the Czech physician and endocrinologist Stanislav Vomela in the 1930s. It examines Vomela’s attempts to analyze his own peculiar experience of hearing what he called subjective music (music heard only by the subject) and introduces the concept of acousmatics Vomela developed to study this kind of auditory perception. Vomela’s methodology is studied against the background of J. E. Purkyně’s understanding of the subjective empiricist methodology of self-knowing in the physiology of the senses and in the context of research into eidetic imagery by E. R. Jaensch and Victor Urbantschitsch.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121332224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Roušky s TULkou: Věda a etika v liminalitě
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2022.527
Jana Jetmarová, Michal Trčka
{"title":"Roušky s TULkou: Věda a etika v liminalitě","authors":"Jana Jetmarová, Michal Trčka","doi":"10.46938/tv.2022.527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2022.527","url":null,"abstract":"The text presents the results of a qualitative study focused on the issue of using nanomaterials in the extraordinary circumstances linked to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly referring to the “Roušky s TULkou” initiative. Within several weeks, this initiative managed to launch the production of highly efficient nanofiber filters using the original AC Electrospinning technology on an industrial scale. The goal of the research was to analyse both the regional experience and the value-based challenges, conflicts and ethical dilemmas posed by an emergency situation. The theoretical starting points of the research were the Turnerian understanding of liminality, communitas and antistructure and Stenner’s concept of liminal spaces. The results of the research show that the pandemic situation contributed to the emergence of an unexpected potential of the new technology and that the realisation of the activity was influenced not only by know-how and the university’s technical facilities, but particularly by social capital, thus uncovering the potential of the anti-structural character of the initiative and the temporary suspension of hierarchically established university structures.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126223523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Von Neumann, Turing a Gödel: o mysli a strojích 冯·诺依曼，图灵，Gödel:我自己，strojích
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2022.556
Barbora Jurková, Lukáš H. Zámečník
{"title":"Von Neumann, Turing a Gödel: o mysli a strojích","authors":"Barbora Jurková, Lukáš H. Zámečník","doi":"10.46938/tv.2022.556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2022.556","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses some of the poorly explored links between the conceptual systems of logic in Kurt Gödel, the theory of automata in Alan Turing, and the theory of self-reproducing automata in John von Neumann. Traditional controversies are left aside (especially the opposition of Gödel and Turing in the view of mind) and attention is focused on the similarities between all three authors. In individual chapters, the text deals with: the form of differentiation of syntax and semantics in formal system in Gödel, Turing and von Neumann; von Neumann’s variant of Gödel’s theorem and von Neumann’s and Gödel’s conception of Turing machine; and finally the same basis of the view of the relation between mind and automaton in all three authors.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121025351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Vliv pandemie onemocnění covid-19 na provádění klinických hodnocení a možné etické dopady
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2022.540
Anetta Jedličková
{"title":"Vliv pandemie onemocnění covid-19 na provádění klinických hodnocení a možné etické dopady","authors":"Anetta Jedličková","doi":"10.46938/tv.2022.540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2022.540","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes of the usual procedures in the clinical trials conduct, as well as to modifications of the relevant study documentation, which also affected regular quality assurance activities ensuring the safety of clinical trial participants, compliance with good clinical practice, and the integrity and validity of the clinical trial data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper deals with the ethical guidelines and legal regulations that govern the conduct of clinical trials and discusses the ethical implications that arose from the forced adjustments of routine processes and procedures in the clinical trial conduct during the COVID-19 public health emergency. The paper also reflects on the ethical consequences of conducting clinical trials during the public health emergency, as well as on means of performing quality assurance activities and a regular oversight of clinical research.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128104175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bureaucratic and Market Sources of Epistemic Authority 知识权威的官僚和市场来源
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2022.549
M. Machoň
{"title":"Bureaucratic and Market Sources of Epistemic Authority","authors":"M. Machoň","doi":"10.46938/tv.2022.549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2022.549","url":null,"abstract":"In International Relations (IR) scholarship, the epistemic communities’ framework has gained relevance for explaining the roles of experts in the context of transnational global governance. However, IR scholars have criticized the framework for descriptive reasoning. This paper aims to strengthen its explanatory power by following rules of a systematic literature review and by using Desmond’s conception of professionalism to further develop Cross’s model of epistemic community. Desmond introduced his concept of professionalism as a response to bureaucratic and market trends in scientific research and Cross developed her concept of professionalism as a comprehensive reconceptualization of Haas’s original model of an epistemic community. The results confirm compatibility between the two concepts. Following the structure of Cross’s model of professionalism, individual autonomy operationalizes selection and training, collective autonomy covers the face-to-face meetings, and the service provision operationalizes the common culture.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124559881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Axiom výběru a hypotéza kontinua – souvislosti a rozdíly
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2022.546
Tereza Slabá
{"title":"Axiom výběru a hypotéza kontinua – souvislosti a rozdíly","authors":"Tereza Slabá","doi":"10.46938/tv.2022.546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2022.546","url":null,"abstract":"We compare two well-known set-theoretical statements, namely the axiom of choice and the continuum hypothesis, with regard to their historical development and formulation, as well as their consequences in mathematics. It is known that both statements are independent from the other axioms of set theory (if they are consistent). The axiom of choice – despite initial controversies – is today almost universally accepted as an axiom. However, the status of the continuum hypothesis is more complex and no agreement has been found so far: both the continuum hypothesis and its negation (often as consequences of stronger statements) decide several mathematical problems differently, but in contrast with the axiom of choice it is not clear which of the two solutions should be the “correct” one (in the sense of an agreement within the community).","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115162107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Internet jako pramen výzkumu: Přístup k archivovaným webovým zdrojům a možnosti jejich zpracování
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2022.552
Zdenko Vozár, Marie Haškovcová, Andrea Prokopová
{"title":"Internet jako pramen výzkumu: Přístup k archivovaným webovým zdrojům a možnosti jejich zpracování","authors":"Zdenko Vozár, Marie Haškovcová, Andrea Prokopová","doi":"10.46938/tv.2022.552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2022.552","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet has become a natural communication platform for modern society. Web archives, which began in the 1990s to capture and preserve changing web content, have thus become key sources for research in the recent past. The analysis of their data is complicated by, for example, insufficient competencies of researchers, the need for computing resources or legislation. One way to meet the needs of users is to develop tools and research interfaces that allow to work with data without the need for technological knowledge of advanced extraction and thus open it to researchers. The study addresses the issue of access to archival web data, approaches efforts to formulate a theoretical and methodological framework and proposes a design for access and further data processing, which is applied in a unique research interface for extracting large data from web archives using advanced machine learning to generate and categorization of text outputs.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122198599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Kritická teorie v kontextu informačních a komunikačních technologií a velkých dat
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2022.539
Roman Rakowski
{"title":"Kritická teorie v kontextu informačních a komunikačních technologií a velkých dat","authors":"Roman Rakowski","doi":"10.46938/tv.2022.539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2022.539","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzes the theory presented in the book Critical Theory and Social Media: Between Emancipation and Commodification by Thomas Allmer. The primary goal of the study is to place this work in the broader context of the critical theory of technology. The first part analyzes the context and the requirement for the philosophy of technology in the current digital age. Subsequently, Allmer’s methodology is described as an offshoot of critical theory. This theory is set in the context of the book’s primary sources of thought, especially the critical theory of technology and Andrew Feenberg’s theory. Based on this theoretical understanding, research areas in critical media and technology theory are defined. The critical theory of technology shows that in the society of big data, there are similar contradictions of capitalism as we can find in the material world. Finally, there requirement for a political theory of technology is theorized, contrary to the widespread view that the current contradictions of digital capitalism can be solved by the ethics (design) of new technologies. In this context, critical theory is compared with the – so-called – ethics of new technologies.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123863239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Filosofické problémy nanotechnologií: ontologicko-systémová východiska a etické implikace
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2022-06-13 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2022.532
Vít Bartoš, Michal Trčka
{"title":"Filosofické problémy nanotechnologií: ontologicko-systémová východiska a etické implikace","authors":"Vít Bartoš, Michal Trčka","doi":"10.46938/tv.2022.532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2022.532","url":null,"abstract":"From the perspective of philosophy of science and technologies, we firstly attend to the issue of the role of nanotechnologies within the evolution of technologies. We recognize their utmost importance in the respect that they are technologies of life itself. We further explain that the nano-level is the domain of intersection of the rules of quantum physics and traditional Newtonian physics. This is our starting point from which we discuss the issue of conditions under which minimizing things also changes their functional essence. We use the example of the Drexler vs. Smalley debate to demonstrate the paradigmatic incomparability of the two perspectives and the physical-chemical and engineering-related limits of nanotechnologies. We discuss to what extent are the dangers and ethical implications emerging from Drexler’s contemplations real, be it what he calls the “grey goo” problem or the issues of molecular production. We regard certain problems linked to synthetic biology as more serious. We conclude our text with the consideration that the human civilization should think of the possibilities of nanotechnologies in the development of life as an existential challenge.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124775123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scientific Research as a Personal Knowledge: Michael Polanyi’s Epistemological Heritage 作为个人知识的科学研究:波兰尼的认识论遗产
Teorie vědy / Theory of Science Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.46938/tv.2022.513
Matěj Pudil
{"title":"Scientific Research as a Personal Knowledge: Michael Polanyi’s Epistemological Heritage","authors":"Matěj Pudil","doi":"10.46938/tv.2022.513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2022.513","url":null,"abstract":"Continuously from the 1940s, Michael Polanyi comments on topics that have resonated later since the 1960s in the works of his fellow theorists of science, philosophers of natural sciences, and epistemologists (for the purposes of this study, only T. S. Kuhn and K. R. Popper are mentioned). First part of this article provides a brief reconstruction of Polanyi’s concept of „personal knowledge“ which focuses mainly on the interconnection of the individual level of scientific research with its social dimension. My aim is to evaluate the potential of this concept for the interpretation of research fields where sciences are in close contact with other disciplines. I am convinced that Polanyi’s original approach to the problem of reality (or degrees of reality as he puts it) should be read as an advocacy of diversity of thought. In my interpretation, Polanyi carries out some form of philosophical therapy of science and its self-concept, which, like the whole of Western society, has undergone dramatic changes over the last century.","PeriodicalId":349992,"journal":{"name":"Teorie vědy / Theory of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132059937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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