Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University最新文献

{"title":"Androgen receptor (AR) expression in different Gleason scores of prostatic adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry","authors":"G. Fatima, A. ., Kanwal Babar, M. Imran, Junaid Iqbal, Tuba Tariq","doi":"10.37018/xrxp2904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/xrxp2904","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prostatic cancer is highly ominous in men and survives hormonal insufficiency. We studied Androgen Receptor (AR) expression in various Gleason scores (GS) of prostatic adenocarcinoma by using immunohistochemistry. \u0000Materials and methods: This descriptive analytical study was carried out at King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore in 2016. Slides were prepared from 60 paraffin blocks of prostatic adenocarcinoma and stained for evaluation of different parameters like Gleason score (GS), histopathological grades (well differentiated, intermediate or high grade) and AR immunohistochemistry score. Data entry and analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22. The relationship between different parameters was determined by Pearson chi-square test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. \u0000Results: Out of 60 cases, 15 (25%) had intermediate and 45 (75%) had high grade tumors. AR was positive in 59 (98.33%) cases. Among the positive cases, 5 (8.33%) had +1 score, 25 (41.67%) has +2 and 29 (48.33%) had +3 score. A significant association of AR expression with GS and histological grades was found. \u0000Conclusion: AR positivity is significantly associated with Gleason Score and histological grading of prostate adenocarcinoma, hence it may prove a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for carcinoma prostate.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132797009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial burden on the parents of children infected with extensively drug resistant Salmonella infection","authors":"M. H. Memon, Shahina Hanif, F. Saeed, Erum Saboohi, Muhammad Daniyal Zafar Malick, Abdul Hadi Hassan Mallick","doi":"10.37018/rnmi7117a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/rnmi7117a","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Typhoid illness is a significant cause of morbidity in Pakistan. This study aimed to determine the financial burden on parents of children infected with extensively drug-resistant (XDR) salmonella infection. \u0000Patients and methods: This observational study included 159 patients aged 6 months to 13 years admitted through OPD/ER of Karachi Adventist Hospital with the diagnosis of enteric fever and intravenous antibiotics started as per local antibiogram. To remove recall bias antibiotic cost before hospitalization was not included. All those patients who were culture positive for XDR salmonella, either continued or shifted to newer antibiotics as per susceptibility pattern were included. Depending upon the type and duration of antibiotic therapy cost was calculated in Pakistani rupee (1 USD = ~225 PKR). \u0000Results: Total 60.4% of patients aged less than 7.5 years; 62.3% were male, 41.5% from urban areas, 15.1% had graduated mothers, 27% had graduated fathers, 5.7% uses boiled water, and 1.9% typhoid vaccination. In 54.1% of patients antibiotic cost reached >40k PKR. Patients with urban dwelling were 0.29 times less likely for higher cost, increase in duration of fever (>7 days) at admission increased the cost 5.73 times, XDR samples found 13.5 time more likely for higher cost, and TLC between 4000 – 11000/mm3 gave negative association with higher cost. \u0000Conclusion: The burden of XDR salmonella infection is heavy and is related to urban residence, duration of fever at admission, and length of hospital stay.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115254925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of knowledge and behavior regarding cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors among medical students of a private medical college in Lahore","authors":"Muhammad Ashraf Choudhry, H. A. Ali, B. Amin, Tahira Ahsan, Nadir Abbas, Mujadad Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.37018/rnzs4715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/rnzs4715","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of premature deaths globally. The gap between knowledge and behavior regarding modifiable risk factors related to these diseases has been noticed in medical students and is associated with a high number of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and behavior regarding cardiovascular diseases risk factors among newly enrolled MBBS students. \u0000Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to September 2021. A total of 140 first-year MBBS students participated including 80 females and 60 males. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire having 17 questions and two sections, one for knowledge assessment and the other for the behavior of participants regarding CVD risk factors. \u0000Results: Major risk factors for heart disease identified by students included obesity (99.3%), high cholesterol (98.6%), hypertension (97.9%), lack of physical activity (95.7%), smoking (82.1%), older age (89.3%), family history of heart disease (73.6%) and diabetes (78.6%). Pertaining to personal history, 10% were smokers, 32.1% regularly consumed soft drinks and 79.3% reported having any physical activities. Significant differences were found between male and female students regarding knowledge of CVD risk factors such as smoking (p-value = 0.003). Similarly, significant differences were observed between male and female students heart health behavior such as cholesterol checkup (31.7% vs. 16.2%, p-value = 0.032), use of soft drinks (48.3% vs 20%, p-value = 0.001) and physical activity (90% vs. 71.2%, p-value = 0.007). \u0000Conclusion: First-year medical students have good knowledge of CVD risk factors but the behavior, regarding practice to avoid these risk factors, needs improvement. It was also observed by comparison that male students have more knowledge of heart disease risk factors as compared to female students. ","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125111005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of bone marrow biopsy in patients with pyrexia of unknown origin","authors":"Shehneela Jabeen, M. Farooq, S. Naeem, S. Khan, Mariane M Farid, Asma Tasneem, Sahar Rabbani, Amara Hafeez","doi":"10.37018/rnmi7117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/rnmi7117","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) is a major complication which remains undiagnosed. Different diagnostic test were used to arrive at final investigation. Bone marrow biopsy (BMB) plays a vital role in diagnosis of PUO. The objective of current study was to determine the role of bone biopsy in diagnosing various types of causes of pyrexia of unknown origin. \u0000Patients and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st September 2018 to 28th February 2019 at Department of Hematology, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. The data of 120 patients who were remained undiagnosed for at least 1 week were enrolled. Standard procedures were used to obtain the biopsy specimens and bone marrow aspiration was sent for microbiological examination. All the demographic information was kept on a structured self-designed proforma. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v.24. \u0000Results: Out of 120 patients recruited in the study there were 67 (55.8%) were from age group 16 to 35 years, were males (65.8%) and 65.0% patients were suffering from fever for more than 3 days. The majority of the participants (30%) were diagnosed with infections, fever due to reactive changes (10.0%), acute leukemia (14.2%), lymphoma (11.7%), chronic leukemia (10.0%), aplastic anemia (4.2%), multiple myeloma (2.5%) and 11.7% patients were undiagnosed \u0000Conclusion: In the diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin, morphological and histological investigation of bone marrow plays a vital role. However, if it is combined with other diagnostic modalities such as radiological, microbiological, and serological examinations, the efficiency of diagnosis can be improved.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122476953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal osteomylitus in diabetic patients and COVID-19","authors":"S. Anjum, N. Rashid, A. Bari, Atif Zulfiqar, Mazhar Rasool, S. Asif","doi":"10.37018/cclw6277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/cclw6277","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 pandemic has become a big medical problem worldwide. In this era, COVID-19 patients’ along with diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of developing opportunistic infections. This study demonstrate association of COVID-19 infection in patients having uncontrolled diabetes with the fungal osteomyelitis. \u0000Subjects and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was done at a Nishter Institute of Dentistry, Multan. Patients diagnosed with fungal osteomyelitis of jaw bones presented during April to December 2021 were included in this study. Data was collected from the patients regarding history of the disease, clinical diagnosis, imaging findings by plain radiographs and CT scans, histopathology. Association of disease process with diabetes and COVID-19 was analyzed in SPSS. \u0000Results: Between the period April 2021 to December 2021, 23 cases presented in Nishter Institute of Dentistry Multan with fungal osteomylitus were diagnosed clinically and fungal organism was identified by immunohistochemical studies by PAS and GMA stains. 22/23 (95.6%) patients were with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and 18/23(78.2%) gave the history of Covid 19 infection 2 to 3 months before with moderate to severe symptoms.11/23 (47.8%) gave the history of treatment with systemic steroid. Age range was 38-72 years of age with mean age 53.26. 12/23(52.1%) were males and 11/23 (47.8%) were females. 17/23 (73.9%) patients presented with pain in jaws with exposed bone and 6/23(23%) complained of pain and loose teeth in arch. In 22/23 (95.6%) involved jaw was maxilla. In one patient associated medical condition was hepatitis C virus infection also with diabetes. 2 patients were cardiac and 3 were hypertensive along with diabetes. One patient was previously treated with radiotherapy of mandible due to alveolar cancer. Only one (0.04%) patient was non diabetic. \u0000Conclusion: There is increased incidence of fungal osteomyelitis of jaws mostly maxilla in diabetic and COVID-19 infected patients.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"1176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117016486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Torilis leptophylla on blood total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count in asthmatic mice","authors":"Sheikh Maria Qammar, Saba Batool, M. U. Samee, I. Imran, B. Shaheen, Javeria Fatima","doi":"10.37018/zulu7239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/zulu7239","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and airway blockage are the characteristics of asthma. Current treatments of asthma are effective but cause adverse effects on their long term use. This research was designed to explore anti-inflammatory effect of Torilis leptophylla (T. leptophylla) on allergic inflammation of airways by estimation of blood total leukocyte count (TLC) and differential leukocyte count (DLC) to compare its effect with a standard drug in an animal model. \u0000Materials and methods: This experimental study was carried out in Pharmacology Department, University of Health Sciences, Lahore. A total of 48 healthy, adult, male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups. Group I (control), group II (diseased); groups III, IV and V were given 100, 200, 400 mg/kg T. leptophylla methanolic extract (TLM) respectively, and Group VI treated with standard drug monteleukast. Airway inflammation was induced in all groups with ovalbumin except control group. On day 28, cardiac puncture was done to collect the blood and TLC and DLC (lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes) were measured in blood. All the data was interpreted as mean ± SD. SPSS 20 was used to carry out statistical analysis. \u0000Results: T. leptophylla extract resulted in significant (p-value ≤ 0.05) decrease of TLC and DLC in blood. T. leptophylla cause 59-67% decrease in TLC, 67-80% decrease in lymphocytes, 69 - 72% decrease in neutrophils, and 45-51.7% decrease in eosinophils \u0000Conclusion: In current study T. leptophylla successfully treated inflammation in asthmatic mice by reducing proportion of inflammatory cells.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131203777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigative analysis of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hospitals of Islamabad-Rawalpindi","authors":"Muhammad Bhader Sher, Laiba ., Warda Fatima, H. Javed","doi":"10.37018/dibr2581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/dibr2581","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a ubiquitous gram-negative rod shaped bacteria and a significant nosocomial opportunistic pathogen. Current study aimed at the investigation and determination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positive P. aeruginosa from clinical samples. \u0000Materials and methods: A total of 150 catheter tubes, pus, blood, and sputum samples were collected from three different hospitals in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The isolates were identified by using standard microbiology procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was done through the disc diffusion method as per the protocol given by CLSI guidelines. Phenotypic characterization of ESBL producers was performed by combination disc test (CDT), double disc synergy test (DDST) and through PCR. \u0000Results: A total of 77/218 isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa. Among them 47 were resistant to different drugs, while 28 were identified as multidrug resistant. They were resistant to 9 different drugs including Cefotaxime (49%), Cefipime (41%), Cephradine (32%), Cefotetan (62%), Azetronam (50%), Cofaclor (42%), Ticarcillin (57%), Ciproflaxacin (45%), and Imipenem (36%). CDT and DDST showed that 7/29 isolates produce ESBL. One isolate was positive for VEB and 3 were positive for SHV ESBL genotype. \u0000Conclusion: The phenomenon of ESBL production does not only remain in Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli but could also be found in P. aeruginosa. Moreover, SHV genotype is prevalent in local isolates of P. aeruginosa.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125374640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paraphenylene diamine (Kala Pathar) poisoning in children of Bahawalpur and surrounding areas","authors":"Sumera Akram, Muhammad Ahmed Khan, Imran Qaisar, Abdul Rehman, Wasif Ijaz, S. Khalid","doi":"10.37018/gwsc7226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/gwsc7226","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Paraphenylene diamine (commonly known as Kala Pathar in Pakistan) poisoning is a common presentation in adults as well as pediatric patients in Southern Punjab. The study was carried out to assess paraphenylene diamine poisoning in pediatric cases. \u0000Patients and methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out at Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. All the pediatric cases (<15 years age) of paraphenylene diamine poisoning reported during April 2021 to April 2022. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS. \u0000Results: Total 84 children presented at pediatric department of the hospital. Out of these, 43 (51.2%) were males and 41 (48.8%) were females. Age range was between 02 months and 15 years, mean age being 9.4 + 4.49 years. Majority of cases (46.6%) ingested paraphenylene diamine accidentally, followed by suicidal intention (29.8%), homicidal intent (21.4%) and unknown motive in 2.4% cases. Of all, 49 (58.3%) died of poisoning and 35 (41.7%) survived. Of all the cases, 44 (52.4%) underwent emergency tracheostomy. \u0000Conclusions: Paraphenylene diamine poisoning in children is an alarming trend. Although majority of the cases ingested it accidently but intake due to suicidal or homicidal reason were also high. Positive outcome was associated with higher age, carrying out early tracheostomy and mode of poisoning (homicidal cases had poorest outcome whereas accidental and suicidal pediatric cases had more chances of survival).","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127730421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin deficient type 2 diabetics: Urgent need for enhanced research in Pakistan","authors":"M. Afzal","doi":"10.37018/bbvb7249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/bbvb7249","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes is classically associated with insulin resistance stemming from obesity along with relative pancreatic dysfunction to sustain this resistance.1 In the recent past, Scandinavian researchers highlighted that a considerable proportion of type 2 diabetics are actually insulin deficient out of proportion to their insulin resistance.2 These patients were younger, had low BMI, and more deranged glycemic control. Based on sophisticated tests measuring insulin secretion and resistance, high glycemia in this group was attributed more towards decreased insulin secretion instead of insulin resistance. This was described Cluster 2 or severe insulin deficiency diabetes (SIDD) in ANDIS data.2 This data changed the perception about solitary attribute of insulin resistance in pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, and the way we treat them on ameliorating insulin resistance predominantly. \u0000(continue reading on PDF file....)","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131919176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of ocular coherence tomography angiography in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and a comparison with the current gold standard fundus fluorescein angiography","authors":"Rayyan Zakir, Kashif Iqbal, Ammar Afzal Tarar, Zeeshan Azhar, M. H. Ali, Nauman Hashmani, Mohammad Zakir","doi":"10.37018/ioox6573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37018/ioox6573","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of preventable blindness in the world. Efficient and effective diagnosis and surveillance of diabetic retinopathy is of crucial importance to preserve the vision of patients. The FAZ (Foveal Avascular Zone) area is enlarged in patients of diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of OCT-A (Optical Coherence Tomography-Angiography) in delineating the FAZ area in cases of diabetic retinopathy and make a comparison with the findings of FFA (fundus fluorescein angiography) - the current gold standard.Subjects and methods: This was a comparative analytical study carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. A series of 50 patients, 30 males and 20 females with a mean age of 40 years were selected from the hospital outpatient department with history of five years of diabetic retinopathy. They were classified according to the ETDRS classification system into NPDR and PDR groups. The patients were booked for OCT-A, the scans were then observed for findings with a specific focus on the area of the FAZ at the level of the superficial capillary plexus. The patients then underwent same day FFA the current gold standard modality for diabetic retinopathy, thereafter a comparison between the mean area of the FAZ in both the modalities was made & documented. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The FAZ was easily distinguished by both FFA and OCT-A. The mean FAZ area was 0.62 mm2 on FFA and 0.69 mm2 on OCT-A. There was a statistically significant difference between the two means (p=0.002). Both the modalities had a Sensitivity of 100% at 0.44 and 0.48 cut-offs. OCT-A had a specificity of 91.9% and FFA had a Specificity of 89.2%.Conclusions: OCT-A proved to be an effective and accurate modality in delineating the FAZ area and detecting macular ischemia in patients of diabetic retinopathy in comparison to the current Gold-Standard FFA.","PeriodicalId":349972,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127758423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}