Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym最新文献

{"title":"Zakaz handlu w niedziele jako przejaw pozytywnej interwencji państwa w rynek. Ujęcie personalistyczne","authors":"Paweł Drobny","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.22.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.22.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"The article is an attempt to look at the relationship between the state and the market on the example of the prohibition of trade on Sunday through the prism of the personalistic economy. The article has a metaeconomic character. Its aim is to show that state intervention in the market mechanism in the form of the prohibition of trade on Sunday is not aimed at trade as an economic activity, but is a natural consequence of the community-forming function of the state. In the first part, the author presents a personalistic approach to the state and the market as well as relations between them. In turn, in the second part, he describes the essence of the Sunday dispute in the context of a personalistic approach to the market and shows that state intervention, consisting in protecting Sunday from being limited to the seventh working day, protects it against rationalization and marketization, i.e. its derealization.","PeriodicalId":349893,"journal":{"name":"Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114262645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relacje między etyką, prawem i ekonomią: analiza poglądów Adama Smitha","authors":"Beata Rogowska","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.22.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.22.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"Adam Smith is commonly viewed as the founding father of economics. This conviction stems from the publication of The Wealth of Nations in 1776. Smith’s works are chiefly examined in terms of economics. The discovery of reports of his Lectures on Jurisprudence and defining them as a “bridge” between his ethics, law and economics allows researchers to analyze Smith’s work from a fresh perspective. The aim of the paper is to discuss complex relationships between ethics included in The Theory of Moral Sentiments and general principles of law and economics. The main conclusion of this paper is that Smith emphasized the mutual complementation of moral and legal norms in the context of the economic development of the commercial society.","PeriodicalId":349893,"journal":{"name":"Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130742358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sztuczna inteligencja a inteligencja moralna. Zagadnienia wstępne cybernetyki","authors":"Grzegorz Szulczewski","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.22.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.22.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"We live in a time when artificial intelligence is being used in more and more areas of our lives. Its use in the sphere of management has become a big problem. Should we comply with the judgments of the cold rationality of artificial intelligence or, by contrast, are we able to realize the limits of its application? The question should be asked: why can good management not be limited to solutions presented by artificial intelligence? In order to answer this question, one should show what the difference is between artificial intelligence and moral intelligence, and what the use of moral intelligence in management is. The role of ethics in the decision-making process will be shown. The final conclusion is that artificial intelligence will never replace man in management.","PeriodicalId":349893,"journal":{"name":"Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125357726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etyczne aspekty zróżnicowania dochodów","authors":"B. Wyżnikiewicz","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.22.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.22.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"Personal income differentiation (inequality) is widely observed. Various historical and cultural factors are responsible for this phenomenon. In the longer run, these factors lead to a log-normal distribution of income with country-specific parameters. Ethical aspects of income differentiation are discussed in this paper. The starting point for the discussion is a diagnosis of income differentiation in Poland and European Union countries based on statistical data. Another discussed issue is ethical dilemmas resulting from income inequalities. Special attention is paid to the relationship between income differentiation and economic growth. The ethical aspects of the ratio between lower and upper income in corporations are also discussed. The conclusion is that income differentiation and its change may influence economic growth in different ways. Extremely high income differentiation may lead to negative effects and is ethically doubtful.","PeriodicalId":349893,"journal":{"name":"Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127591636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etyczne aspekty personalizowania treści w środowisku cyfrowym","authors":"M. Modrzejewska","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.22.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.22.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the Internet fulfils multiple functions: it supplies us with information and entertainment, and it is sometimes all the social life we have. Typing any phrase into Google – the most popular Internet search engine – will give you thousands of answers in just a second. However trivial or important the question is, Google will come up with numerous search results. Internet users hardly ever stop to think how a content search list works and how the choice of what they see on their computer screen has been made for them. Hardly anybody knows that entering the same words in the search engine will bring different search results for different users. For every person browsing Google, the search engine will return expert interviews, press articles, scientific publications, etc. – but the answer to the search question will be biased, and can differ substantially for different users. What is at work here is the web personalization mechanism, which involves changes in the Google Search Algorithm depending on the place, time, and other circumstances of the question asked, as well as any past searches of the user. The same mechanism can be observed in Facebook’s news feed, which only serves us selective information. In the end, we all end up closed in a filter bubble. At the end of the day, in exchange for user-friendly Internet and our unyielding faith in technology, we pay the ultimate price – our freedom.","PeriodicalId":349893,"journal":{"name":"Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114489544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ekonomiczne i etyczne aspekty rozwoju ChRL w latach 1949–2018","authors":"Tomasz Przybycińśki","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.22.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.22.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"Economic as well as ethical aspects of development are of great importance. In the last few decades, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has tried to overcome economic backwardness. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, a socialist market economy and socialism with Chinese characteristics were officially promoted. However, priority was given to market reforms and very fast economic growth while the ethical aspects of the PRC’s development were neglected. That is why the PRC must face important development challenges.","PeriodicalId":349893,"journal":{"name":"Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133554139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misselling jako nadużywanie zaufania klienta na rynku finansowym","authors":"Marta Paduszyńska","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.22.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.22.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"The amendment to the act on competition and consumer protection, in force since 17 April 2016, introduced a ban on the so-called ‘misselling’ as a new type of practice that violates collective consumer interests. The sale of products that are not suited to the needs of clients is a frequent reason for complaints to courts and institutions of consumer protection. Thus, it has a negative impact on clients' trust in financial market entities, because it exposes them to unnecessary risk and generates additional service costs. The financial services market is a type of market that has a significant impact on its customers. The source of threats may be the fact that financial institutions operate in an area of increased risk with a relatively low share of equity, and also, they rely on the funds entrusted to them by clients. The aim of this paper is to identify the phenomenon of misselling, explain the reasons for which it is undesirable from the point of view of consumer protection, and present solutions for its reduction. The paper is based on a review, analysis, and synthesis of selected publications (domestic and foreign) which are important from the point of view of the topic. Moreover, the paper includes an analysis of secondary data from official documents and reports of financial market entities.","PeriodicalId":349893,"journal":{"name":"Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124771284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"„Doregulacja”. Nieprecyzyjność prawa jako nowa przyczyna wyznaczania standardów postępowania przez organizacje branżowe w procesie samoregulacji","authors":"R. Sroka","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.22.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.22.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last few years, a change has been noticed in the approach to shaping legal regulations in the economic field, and this has become the motive for a new approach to self-regulation. The change consists in the fact that the legislator mainly defines the purpose of a regulation, the regulatory framework, and the sanctions. However, it does not contain specific provisions indicating how an economic entity should fulfill the purpose of a given regulation. Thus, it leaves the broad sphere undefined. The legislator indicates what is expected, what the sanction for non-compliance will be, but it does not indicate exactly how business owners should achieve this compliance. The aim of the article is to describe a new trend of self-regulation, from the perspective of the role that industry organizations can play. Three examples of new acts in the field of commercial law are analyzed, which are characterized by a lack of clarity and are part of the case-law framework. Two initiatives of an industry organization which clarify unclear legal provisions are pointed out. The analyses make it possible to state that the industry organizations are able to take responsibility for interpretations of imprecise regulations in the field of commercial law. The organizations are also able to set standards of conduct and develop industry self-regulation so that they are respected by the industry and the legislator as a response to the new model of shaping the law.","PeriodicalId":349893,"journal":{"name":"Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133976828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Czy możliwa jest budowa teorii moralnej zawodności rynku?","authors":"R. Rogowski","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.22.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.22.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Economics and ethics are practical sciences. The common research subject of both sciences is man. Economics is looking for an answer to the question of how to manage in business life. Ethics looks for the answer to the question of how to live. Because man is a person, his value brings consequences for all areas of human activity. This also applies to the market. The market is one of the foundations of economic life and is a great good for people and societies. The market is defined in different ways. It is worth comprehensively describing what the market is, emphasizing its personal character. In economics, attention is paid to market failure, understood mostly as the ineffectiveness of management (deviation from the model market, which is perfectly competitive). The negative impact of the market on society is also identified. Although moral aspects are increasingly taken into account in the concept of market failure, there is no general theory that attempts to capture market in moral aspects. Therefore, it is worth asking whether such a theory is possible. The construction of the moral theory of market failure can be a reference point to the analysis of market practices and institutional conditions from an ethical point of view.","PeriodicalId":349893,"journal":{"name":"Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129463692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CSR i etyka przekonań","authors":"Maciej Soin","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.22.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.22.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Examples of scandals related to exposing the unethical practices of companies which are classified as CSR leaders include cases where their declarations on undertaking social responsibility, as well as spending a lot of money on spectacular social campaigns and then rigorously reporting it in the appropriate documents, are accompanied by acts of abusing workers’ and environmental rights, misleading customers, i.e., abusing consumer rights, and finally “tax optimisation”, which generates measurable losses to the local communities. These cases raise the question about the reason for corporate social responsibility not being immune to abuse or opportunities to treat it as merely an image-related issue. The problem is presented using Max Weber’s widely known typology. It contrasts the ethics of conviction (ruled by the principle of intentionally keeping to the rules which have been adopted as being right) with the ethics of responsibility for the consequences of actions, including those that were undertaken in good faith but which have unintentional consequences. The usefulness of Weber’s typology when considering CSR problems becomes evident when we notice that the dominant interpretation of the corporate social responsibility concept, with its characteristic emphasis on voluntariness and positivity of actions within CSR, brings this concept closer to the ethics of conviction model. Voluntary actions in the field of CSR should go beyond carrying out regular goals of economic activities, i.e., the maximisation of profits, by providing good quality, desirable goods and services. However, what should be considered a prosocial activity –and thus, social responsibility –remains unclear in some companies. In accordance with the thesis of the paper, this ambiguity is one of the important factors that create discrepancies between declarations and real corporate activities. As we can see, the focus on voluntarily doing good which has been adopted in the current interpretation of CSR pre-empts the pursuit to avoid bad practices, both in theory and in the implementation of CSR programmes. Moreover, the CSR-dominant interpretation leads to a particular terminological confusion and replaces the companies’ responsibility towards concrete stakeholders, which is appropriate for the economic activity, with an abstractly understood responsibility towards an abstractly understood society. In this sense, the conceptual analysis of the relationship between CSR and ethics reveals that one of the important sources of problems with CSR is joining this concept with an unsuitable model of ethics. This is not because of the alleged defects of the ethics of conviction, appreciated by Weber, among other thinkers, but because it is a model that, in fact, is not suitable for business ethics. If the ethics of conviction is private, then it cannot be used to regulate social relations. In conclusion, it may be stated that, paradoxically, a dominant way of thinking about the social r","PeriodicalId":349893,"journal":{"name":"Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym","volume":"4 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116793716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}