History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus最新文献

{"title":"REVIEW of the book “Western Caspian region as part of the Russian Empire (1722-1735): Collection of archival documents” \u0000(Makhachkala: Mavraev, 2020)","authors":"N. Gozalova","doi":"10.32653/ch183873-877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch183873-877","url":null,"abstract":"The most important factor in the development of Caucasian studies is the expanding of the source base through the use of archival material, the development of methods of analysis and its processing. Today, the careful and detailed study of new archival documents helps to make corrections and sheds light on a number of questions about the history of the region that have been overlooked by researchers. In this connection, the materials collected from the archives of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, the Russian State Military Historical Archive, and the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan are of great interest when studying the political, social and economic situation in the region in the beginning of the 18th century. The collection under review is a major contribution to the development of historiography of imperial Russian policy in the Caucasus in 1722-1735 and makes it possible to widen the scope of research issues. With the help of new approaches and new sources, which are being researched for the first time, the materials of this collection allow a new reconstruction of the Russian imperial policy in the Caspian region. This book is a major contribution to the development of historiography of Russian imperial policy in the Caucasus between 1722 and 1735 and allows us to extend the scope of our research.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123446715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"CAUCASIAN\" NARRATIMS OF MODERN \"POLITICS OF MEMORY\" IN GEORGIA","authors":"M. Kyrchanoff","doi":"10.32653/ch183694-714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch183694-714","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to analyze the Caucasian dimension in the modern Georgian historical politics of memory. The author analyzes the main vectors and trajectories of the development of Caucasian narratives in the modern memorial canon of Georgia. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the practices and strategies used by Georgian intellectuals within the framework of the functioning of Caucasian narratives in the modern memorial canon of Georgia as an element of the politics of memory. The article analyzes 1) the role of political elites and the media in the formation of Caucasian narratives in the politics of memory, 2) features of the performative turn in historical politics, 3) Abkhazian and Ossetian narratives as components of the Caucasian politics of memory in modern Georgia. The article shows both the consolidating and conflict potential of the Caucasian dimension in Georgian historical politics. It is assumed that the Caucasian narratives in the modern memorial canon are predominantly symbolic for solving internal political problems, since the real influence of Georgia in the region is minimized by external factors. The results of the study suggest that the Caucasian narratives in the Georgian politics of memory have become an element of the ideological legitimation of the elites and the promotion of the concept of Georgia's special role in the Caucasus.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133997701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STONE INDUSTRY OF LEILATEPE CULTURE","authors":"N. Museibli","doi":"10.32653/ch183729-750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch183729-750","url":null,"abstract":"One of the characteristic features of Leilatepe archaeological culture of the Chalcolithic period (end of the 5th millennium BC - first half of the 4th millennium BC) is a unique stone product. This culture was studied mainly on the basis of monuments in the territory of Azerbaijan. Extensive excavations were carried out in Leilatepe, Beyuk Kesik I, Poylu II, Galayeri settlements belonging to the Leilatepe culture and numerous stone tools were discovered. Similar tools were also discovered as a result of the limited excavations carried out in residential areas – Agili Dere, Selakhan, etc. belonging to this culture. The bearers of this culture led a sedentary life and were mainly engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding. The discovered stone tools and their purpose of use gives us reason to come to such a conclusion. Thus, during the excavations a large number of quern stones, graters, sickle teeth, etc., typical for early farming, made of different types of stones, were found. The explorations showed the superiority of flint tools over obsidian products in all other monuments belonging to the Leilatepe culture, except for the Galayeri settlement. Along with these, other tools and products made of stone – a detail of a potter’s wheel, maces, scepters, balance weights, etc. was found from the mentioned Leilatepe culture monuments. The stone industry of the Leilatepe culture is closely related to the traditions of Eastern Anatolia and Northern Mesopotamia. At the same time, close analogies of some specific stone samples of Leilatepe culture were found in Maikop culture monuments.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115843554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRAGMATISM IN IRAN’S FOREIGN POLICY AND RELATIONS WITH ARMENIA","authors":"E. H. Kalbizada","doi":"10.32653/ch183679-693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch183679-693","url":null,"abstract":"The South Caucasus region has been one of the key directions of Iran’s foreign policy since 1991. Iran is closely interested in the processes that take place in the region, as it has historical ties, neighborly relations and common security interests. In the first years after the countries of the region regained their independence, analysts predicted that Iran would be able to establish closer ties with Azerbaijan in the South Caucasus. Such predictions were based on the fact that the Islamic Republic of Iran is a Muslim state and prefers an ideological approach to foreign policy. However, it soon became clear that Iran’s foreign policy is undergoing a transformation. There are elements of the transition from idealism to pragmatism in the country’s foreign policy. Contrary to expectations, Iran’s relations with Christian Armenia began to develop better than with Muslim Azerbaijan. The article examines the place of pragmatism in the foreign policy of Iran in the context of relations with Armenia. At the same time, it analyzes the effectiveness of the idealist approach in the foreign policy of Armenia, as a secular state. The article suggests that, although the conceptual foundations of Iran’s foreign policy are defined by the principles of idealism, they are pragmatic in their relations with Armenia. If we look at the Iran’s policy on the Caucasus since the 1990s, we can conclude that this policy was largely realistic and pragmatic, rather than ideological. In fact, the years when the Caucasus states, including Armenia, regained their independence coincided with Iran’s withdrawal from an ideological approach to foreign policy. At that time, Iran’s new regional foreign policy was based solely on national interests due to the ongoing geopolitical processes, and the expansion of the revolution was no longer a priority.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129306487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EARLY PALEOLITHIC LOCATION AINIKAB 6 IN CENTRAL DAGESTAN","authors":"A. I. Taymazov","doi":"10.32653/ch183751-772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch183751-772","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes archaeological materials from the Ainikab 6 Early Paleolithic site in Central Dagestan. Location Ainikab 6 is located on the southeastern outskirts of the village. Ainikabmakhi on the remnant of the 145-meter terrace of the Usisha River. The considered stone inventory comes from the pebble-gravel deposits of the terrace. According to the geological and geomorphological data, the age of the archaeological finds coming from the alluvium of the 145-meter terrace is estimated within the framework of the Baku horizon of the Caspian regional stratigraphic scheme (800-500 thousand years ago). The collection includes single single-platform cores, large and small tools made from flakes and fragments of flint raw materials, debitage. The tool set is represented by various types of choppers, a flat pick, scrapers, knives, scrapers. The stone inventory also contains archaic axes and a cross-bladed biface. The presence of axes in the stone inventory indicates that the monument belonged to the Acheulean industry.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131221246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE FIRMANS FROM OTTOMAN STATE \u0000TO THE NAMES OF THE KAYTAG UTSMIES","authors":"Murad Sadykov","doi":"10.32653/ch183606-625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch183606-625","url":null,"abstract":"İn this work presents epistolary sources in the Ottoman language from the collection of the firmans of the Ottoman sultans and viziers in the name of the Kaitag Utsmians. The Fund of Oriental Manuscripts of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the DPhIC RAS contains microfilms of these firms, obtained from the National Library of France, where the Utsmi collection came in the second half of the 20th century. Some copies of the firmans of the Ottoman leaders in the name of the Kaitag Utsmians are also available in the book depositories of Georgia. They were published by Georgian scientists, with transcript and translation into Georgian and Russian. A comparative analysis of the documents revealed that the Georgian collection is more complete than the Parisian one, the collections contain copies made by different authors, there are textual inconsistencies and discrepancies in the dating of the firms. In this article, we present facsimiles of Ottoman firmans in the names of the Dagestan rulers of the second half of the 15th century. and the first half of the XX century. Kaitag utsmievs of Ahmad Khan, Khamzat Khan and Ustar Khan. We present their content, providing the appropriate comments. The documents are of high scientific value, shedding light on the policy of the Ottomans in the Caucasus, on the historical events associated with the liberation struggle of the Dagestan peoples, the policy of the Dagestan rulers. Indeed, quite recently, the struggle of the Dagestani highlanders with the Iranian shah, which went on for several years, was successfully completed. The decisive victory over Nadir Shah was won when, in the fight against the enemy in 1741-1742. The united forces of Avars, Kaitags, Akushins, Kumukhs, Rutuls and other Dagestan peoples took part. Firmen convey the atmosphere of historical events, the praise of valor addressed to the recalcitrant mountaineers is heard more and more often, the tone of the letters of the Ottomans, promising endless favors in exchange for obedience to the Muslim Caliph, is replaced by a call to receive retribution from the Almighty for the sacred struggle against foreign invaders.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123551148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MEAT FROM HOME: MODES AND MEANINGS OF THE MOVEMENT OF MEAT PRODUCTS FROM DAGESTAN TO THE CITIES OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC","authors":"Ekarerina L. Kapustina","doi":"10.32653/ch183823-842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch183823-842","url":null,"abstract":"The translocal mode of labor migration between the Republic of Dagestan and the Arctic and subarctic cities of Western Siberia gives rise to specific practices of materiality associated with the transportation of things between sending and receiving societies. Food products in this series occupy the most prominent place both in terms of the scale of transfers and in terms of their importance in the daily life of migrants from Dagestan in northern cities. \u0000The article analyzes various options and mechanisms for the movement of meat and meat products through Dagestan migrant networks. Attention will be paid to the movement of meat as a multi-stage process - from its preparation in Dagestan to the organization of a storage system in a migrant's family. In this case, both commercial transfers and family and compatriot parcels will be of interest, since in both cases similar schemes can be used and the same networks are involved. Meat, intended primarily for migrants, becomes a migrant itself in the process of shipment, its appearance in the place of migration is endowed with meanings and characteristics associated with migration between these regions as a whole. \u0000Through the role and scale of the use of Dagestan meat in the daily practices of migrants' nutrition, the article demonstrates one of the aspects of constructing the translocal world of Dagestanis working in Arctic cities. In particular, of interest are the reciprocity regime both within the migrant community and between migrants and non-migrants in Dagestan, as well as the construction of symbolic representations of an abandoned house and a house built in migration, reflection on the degree of complementarity of the material worlds of Dagestan and the north, their fundamental differences and benefits.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131767958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHRONOLOGY OF CULTURAL DEPOSITS OF THE CHOKHSKY MULTILAYER SETTLEMENT (AS DATA FOR 2022)","authors":"H. Amirkhanov","doi":"10.32653/ch183715-728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch183715-728","url":null,"abstract":"The article publishes for the first time the results of radiocarbon dating of cultural deposits of the multilayered Chokh settlement in Central Dagestan (Northern Caucasus, Russian Federation). The Chokh settlement - a monument with layers of the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age - for many decades has been and remains a key monument for the reconstruction of the landscape of one of the typical mountainous regions of the Northeast Caucasus at the end of the Pleistocene - early and middle Holocene, as well as the characteristics of the culture of the population that lived here in the Mesolithic and Neolithic eras. The radiocarbon dates obtained in recent years for all cultural layers of the site fill with concrete content the chronological scheme, which was previously based solely on the actual archaeological - comparative historical dating. The data obtained make it possible, in particular, to approach the solution of the problem concerning the time of transition in the North-Eastern Caucasus from an appropriating to a producing economy. According to the data presented in this paper, the domestication of animals and the cultivation of cereals in the region under consideration falls at the turn of 7-6 thousand years ago. BC. This fits well into the general context of cultural development in the Holocene of the entire Eastern Caucasus as a whole, including the southern part of this region.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116016284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MYTHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF TRADITIONAL BELIEFS OF GUMBET AVARS (SECOND HALF OF XX - BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY)","authors":"R. Seferbekov, Said S. Razakhanov, Surkhay M. Galbatzev","doi":"10.32653/ch183805-822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch183805-822","url":null,"abstract":"Written on the basis of field material, using general and special methods of historical science, the article is devoted to the description of the mythological characters of the former pantheon and pandemonium of the Gumbet Avars that have survived to the Soviet post-war and modern times – personified celestial bodies and atmospheric phenomena, mummers and dolls, cartridges of wild animals and hunting , supreme deities; \"House snakes\", penetrating into the dwelling and strangling a person during sleep, evil demons, antagonists of pregnant women, shaitans. The sources of these representations are folklore (mythology, oaths, good wishes, sayings), vocabulary and phraseology, calendar, family and social rituals, customs and beliefs. With the adoption of the Muslim religion by the Gumbet Avars, most of the mythological characters of their pagan pantheon and pandemonium were consigned to oblivion, and some of the surviving ones, in view of the stability of traditional religious beliefs in the spiritual culture of the ethnic group, were Islamized and took the form of syncretic and \"domestic Islam\". Some of the Islamized mythological characters have become mediators between man and the Almighty, which is contrary to the doctrine of Islam. A significant role in the consolidation of pre-monotheistic beliefs in the spiritual culture of the Avars and other peoples of Dagestan in the Soviet and modern times was played by the healthy conservatism inherent in all Dagestanis and the peculiarities of their mentality – adherence to the traditional way of life. This circumstance inspires certain confidence in the preservation of their religious, cultural and ethnic identity in the era of globalization.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130661945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ETHNOPOLITICAL PICTURE OF ASTRAKHAN ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS OF THE ''PHYSICAL'' EXPEDITION OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IN 1768–1774.","authors":"G. Mkhitaryan","doi":"10.32653/ch183585-605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch183585-605","url":null,"abstract":"Ethno-political processes and the ethnic-confessional image of Astrakhan in the second half of the 18th century have been the subject of several scientific publications and studies, but the problem has not been fully exhausted. In this work, we aim to recreate the most complete and objective picture of the formation of the ethnic and confessional composition of Astrakhan in the second half of the 18th century and the life of its communities based on the materials of the ''physical'' expedition of the Academy of Sciences in 1768–1774, which previously did not often attract the attention of researchers. ''Physical'' expeditions of the 18th century occupy an important place in the activity of the Russian Academy of Sciences. They were one of the main methods to study the territory of the Russian Empire and neighbouring countries to obtain new facts, accumulate ethnographic material, collect museum collections, etc. The methodological basis of the study is the principle of historicism, i.e. an approach to the object under study as changing in time, and objectivity, in which the assessment of events is based on a comprehensive analysis, reliability and informativeness of the historical source. Within the framework of these principles, the study applied the method of source criticism based onarchival and printed material. The study showed that ethnic and confessional processes in Astrakhan were greatly influenced by events of a foreign political, trade and economic nature in the region. Astrakhan was the centre of international trade, linking Europe with Asia, and European mores and traditions quickly seeped into the city, which absorbed a certain amount of foreign elements. However, the author has revealed that each of the city's communities possessed its own identity, and set of traditions and values, simultaneously creating a distinctive ethnocultural landscape of Astrakhan, as an example of interethnic and inter-confessional unity within a multi-ethnic state. Moreover, the main source of population growth in Astrakhan in the 18th century was not natural increase, but migration. ","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127571301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}