History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus最新文献

{"title":"ORGANIZATIONAL WORK OF THE MILITARY DEPARTMENTS OF THE PARTY COMMITTEES OF THE ALL-UNION COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE NORTH OSSETIAN ASSR DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR","authors":"Georgy B. Kaitukov","doi":"10.32653/ch173606-621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch173606-621","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges of the time require the application of new methodological principles in the study of numerous issues. This also applies to the history of the Great Patriotic War, which has become the focus of study since the middle of the last century. However, the introduction of a large number of new sources into the scientific discourse makes it possible to highlight gaps that require further study. These issues include the activities of the military departments of the party structure, which became an instrument for organizing the work of the home front. For the first time in regional historiography, the article raises problems of the role of military departments under the party committees of the North Ossetian ASSR. The attracted archival material makes it possible to reconstruct the activities of these bodies during the Great Patriotic War. After their foundation in 1939, they took charge of the military-political education of the citizens of the republic. At that time, their activities were limited to working with the sections of the Society for the Assistance of Defense, Aircraft and Chemical Construction (Osoaviakhim), and the military departments of the Komsomol. However, during the war, the area of their responsibility expanded significantly, as evidenced by the documents. The main directions of work of military departments are considered from the regional and the rural levels. The range of activities included not only assistance to military registration and enlistment offices during the period of mobilization campaigns, participation in the re-certification of citizens liable for military service, but also assistance to families of soldiers of the Red Army, disabled war veterans, fundraising for the construction of tank columns, air units, training militia fighters, fighter battalions, partisan detachments, and air defense forces. After the liberation of the territory of the NO ASSR from the invaders, the task of demining the territory was added to the existing duties of the military departments. Reconstruction of the entire set of activities of military departments will make it possible to expand our knowledge of the history of the Great Patriotic War. In order to eliminate the identified scientific gaps, the article uses a corpus of documents that were previously in limited access. Much attention is paid to the originality of these documents, their informational content. With the help of content analysis, it has been possible to conduct a socio-demographic analysis of the collected material, to study the mechanism of organizing paramilitary formations on the territory of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116228445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REVIEW. Khapizov Sh.M., Shekhmagomedov M.G. Ibrahim-Haji from Urada (1701-1770) and his era: studies on history and life. Makhachkala, 2021. ISBN 978-5-6045929-0-8","authors":"G. Mkhitaryan","doi":"10.32653/ch173751-759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch173751-759","url":null,"abstract":" The present review discusses the collective monograph “Ibrahim-Haji from Urada (1701-1770) and his era: studies on history and life” (Makhachkala, 2021), which is a significant contribution to Caucasian studies. Given the fact that in recent years in historical science there has been an increased interest in the personality of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, the comprehensive monograph sheds light on many aspects of the life and work of the outstanding scholar and expert in Islamic law and grammar of the Avar language, author of poems in Avar, theologian, one of the ideologists of the struggle between the Dagestanis and Nadir Shah, Qadi of Gidatl. The authors of the collective monograph, using a rich documentary base, carry out a scrupulous reconstruction of political events in the Caucasus of the period under study, and against this background analyze the life and work of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi. For the first time in modern Caucasian studies, the authors have introduced a number of Georgian, Turkish and Iranian primary sources, which help to reveal a more complete picture of the events in the Eastern Caucasus and the entire Caucasian region as a whole in the second half of the 18th century. Moreover, the authors attracted Arabic-language sources from private manuscript collections from Gidatl and the contents of the collections from the Collection of Oriental Manuscripts of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the DFRC RAS. In addition to that, it is necessary to mention the private and mosque manuscript collections of Dagestan. In total, the authors have attracted more than 2000 works in their work. This study undoubtedly occupies a worthy place along with other works devoted to the life and work of Ibrahim-Hajji al-Uradi.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127580547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UNDERGROUND CRUCIFORM STRUCTURE IN NARYN-KALA: \u0000A CHURCH? PRO ET CONTRA","authors":"M. Gadjiev","doi":"10.32653/ch173684-720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch173684-720","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the interpretation of a mysterious underground building, situated in the Derbent citadel Naryn-Kala. This monumental structure is a crucifix (Latin cross) in plan, oriented with a long axis along the NNW-SSE line, roofed with pointed arches and a dome. On the plans of the citadel of Derbent in the early-mid-19th century, this underground building is indicated as a cruciform structure with the caption “water reservoir”. In historical, reference literature and documentation it is defined as an underground water reservoir of the 17th – 18th centuries. In 1976, A.A. Kudryavstev first suggested that this building was originally a church of the 5th – 6th centuries. After almost 40 years, his suggestion was recognized as an established fact, however, with no solid ground or any supplementary reasons. At the same time, distortion of facts and forgery were recorded. This unfounded opinion was promoted even by high-ranking government officials. In 1998, G.M. Kurbanov assumed a possible interpretation of this site as a Zoroastrian fire temple. In 2020, V.L. Myts speculated that this is a Christian martyrium. However, architectural and archeological data contradict these interpretations: the land-based, early medieval, or religious nature of the building has not been proved. Comprehensive (architectural, archeological, magnetometric, etc.) study of this site, without large-scale archeological excavations, is needed.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132510471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“FALSE SHEIKH” CRITIQUE IN DAGESTAN IN THE END OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE WORK OF HASAN-HILMI AL-KAKHI “DURRA AL-BAYDA’ FI RADDI-L-BADA’ WA-L-AHWA”)","authors":"Magomed G. Shekhmagomedov","doi":"10.32653/ch173558-567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch173558-567","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a brief source analysis of an Arabic-language work of a prominent Dagestan Sufi sheikh Hasan-Hilmi al-Kakhi “Durra al-bayda’ fi raddi-l-bada’ wa-l-ahwa” (A shining pearl for the refutation of innovations and whims), the article reveals the essence of an inter-Sufi dispute between the followers of different Sufi brotherhoods, which took place in Dagestan at the end of the 19th – early 20th centuries. This dispute was expressed in mutual criticism and accusations of some Sufi figures of being “false sheikhs”. The polemics were mainly initiated by the representatives of the Mahmudiyya branch of the Naqshbandi brotherhood; their opponents were the representatives of the Khalidiyya branch, which at that time amounted to the largest number of followers. One of the most active participants in the inter-Sufi polemics was the Naqshbandi sheikh Hasan-Hilmi al-Kakhi. In his work “Durra al-bayda’ fi raddi-l-bada’ wa-l-ahwa” al-Kakhi strongly criticizes some Dagestani Sufis, who, in his opinion, illegally engage in mentoring activity without the appropriate investiture, and thereby discredit the Sufi teaching. In the same work, al-Kakhi first attempted to classify the “Dagestani false sheikhs.” He devoted several more of his later works to this issue, in which he generalized and supplemented his ideas, while his positions on some issues and the rhetoric itself changed greatly. Al-Kakhi’s criticism provoked a backlash from his opponents. This problem was also reflected in the Arabic-language polemical works of other Dagestan Sufi contemporaries. The study of this issue is an important part in revealing the history of the spread and development of Sufism in Dagestan.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129588411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE DISPUTE OF DAGESTAN THEOLOGIANS OVER THE RULES OF PERFORMING THE TARAWIH PRAYER IN THE LATE 19 – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES","authors":"Ramazan S. Abdulmajidov, Khizri G. Alibekov","doi":"10.32653/ch173568-580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch173568-580","url":null,"abstract":"The paper studies the theological discussion around the performing of the prayer tarawih in Dagestan at the turn of the 19-20th centuries. The background of the issue in question is given in the introduction, revealing the origins of this controversy. The study focuses on several original Arabic-language works written by Dagestani theologians. Two parties participated in the discussion: Muslim al-Uradi and Kebedmuhammad al-Bezhti on the one side, and Usman al-Tsakhuri and Iman-Ali al-Bezhti – on the other. The paper reveals in detail the key arguments given by the opponents who participated in the polemic. It is worth noting that the authors of the works show a high level of proficiency in Arabic and theological knowledge. The Arabographic polemical works of Dagestani theologians allow us to outline the range of controversial issues that at various times troubled the minds of the Muslims of Dagestan. The article provides a chronological development of the discussion of the theologians, as well as a general analysis of the content of each of the works. The works under study were written within the framework of the Arab-Muslim manuscript tradition, some of them being autographs.It was found that Dagestani theologians, who mainly positioned themselves as strict adherents of the Shafi’i legal school, in some cases allowed themselves quite free views and disputed the opinions of leading Shafi’i legal scholars, including Imam al-Shafi’i himself. Such a «liberalization» of views, in our opinion, is a consequence of the influence of the authoritative Dagestani legal scholar Muhammad al-Kuduki. The present study criticizes the «jadidocentric» approach in understanding the processes of the «Islamic reformation» that took place in Dagestan at the beginning of the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"478 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134138566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NAIB OF IMAMAT AND ADVISOR OF SHAMIL HAJI YUSUF: BIOGRAPHY IN THE CONTEXT OF CRITICISM OF AUTOBIOGRAPHY","authors":"M. Musaev","doi":"10.32653/ch172330-351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch172330-351","url":null,"abstract":"A Turkish citizen of Chechen origin, Haji Yusuf played a significant role in the formation of the administrative and military institutions of the Imamat, the construction of fortifications, in communications with officials of the Ottoman Empire; he is considered one of the important figures of the Shamil era, \"the behind-the-scenes mind of the imam.\"Several studies of different times have been devoted to the fate of Haji Yusuf, but quite a lot of time has passed since their publication, new information has been revealed that make it possible to clarify the details of his life path and describe in more detail the biography of this remarkable personality. His scientific biography helps to raise the level of knowledge of the life of a particular person, to recreate the history of a person in connection with historical realities and social reality, to characterize time against the background of a person.For this, his autobiographical information was used, as well as an array of identified sources and materials, the analysis of which was made in comparison. The results obtained demonstrate the stages of the life of Haji Yusuf in chronological order: birth in the village. Aldy; the family moved to the Ottoman Empire, received an education there and then served in the army of the Egyptian Pasha (until 1834); return to the Caucasus, work as a home teacher for the Kabardian prince (1834 - 1839); desire to return to Turkey and departure to the Black Sea coast of Circassia (1839 - 1841); establishing contacts and moving to Imam Shamil (1841); activity in the service of the Imamat - naib, adviser, engineer (until 1854); exile for attempting to discredit the imam (1854 - 1856); flight to the Russians (1856). In addition, the study publishes the legacy of Haji Yusuf - maps and diagrams drawn by him to inform the officials of the Ottoman Empire about the Imamate.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123806507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SITUATION OF THE MODERN INGUSH WOMAN","authors":"Liana M. Evloeva, Евлоева Лиана Маисовна","doi":"10.32653/ch172493-506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch172493-506","url":null,"abstract":"To date, there are no separate studies of the status of a modern Ingush woman, her position in society, etc. At the same time, there are paragraphs, fragments in the works of Ingush researchers, as well as a small number of articles published by Ingush scientists in Russian scientific journals and republican newspapers. \u0000This article attempts to partially fill this gap - to describe the place and role of women in modern Ingush society, which have undergone significant transformations due to objective reasons (the collapse of the USSR, the Ossetian-Ingush conflict, the formation of the Ingush Republic , the strengthening of religious sentiments of the population, globalization processes, etc.) \u0000In this work, we examined such topical issues as psychological and physical violence in the family, the reasons for this phenomenon in Ingush families; introduced new ethnographic information obtained by us during the research in 2018-2020. \u0000We concluded that the topic of violence is relevant not only for the Ingush region, but also for the country as a whole. The lowering of the status of the Ingush was not influenced by Islam, as many authors wrote about, but, rather, by an incorrect interpretation of the norms of religion. Today, women in Ingushetia are becoming more and more independent, as they have become economically independent. Despite this, traditional attitudes continue to play an important role in the life of the Ingush. This is evidenced by the fact that women prefer to marry as a second wife to an Ingush, rather than the first to a person of a different nationality.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115706068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BRONZE NOSE RINGS FROM THE BURIAL OF THE EARLY BRONZE AGE IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS","authors":"Alla S. Denyaeva, Деняева Алла Сергеевна, I. A. Zaytsev, Зайцев Илья Александрович, Leonid S. Iljukov, Ильюков Леонид Сергеевич","doi":"10.32653/ch172403-427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch172403-427","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, in a single burial mound in the Novosrednenskoye-1 burial ground, located near the village of the same name in the Kirovsky district of the Stavropol Territory, a burial was examined on an ancient horizon, over which an earthen embankment was erected. The deceased was in a wooden box, on the ceiling of which were the skulls of two bulls with bronze nose rings. A small series of burial complexes found in burials on the territory of the North Caucasus, in which nose rings were found, are considered. They were used to control animals harnessed to a cart. A symbolic team of two bulls was used to travel the soul of the deceased into the world of their ancestors. In the Novosvobodnenskoe time, a fashion emerged for the use of wire oval pendants, which were fixed not in the puncture of the nasal septum, but in the punctures of the earlobes. Such pendants, made of bronze or silver wire, were popular in the Novotitarovskaya culture, which replaced the Novosvobodnaya culture.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123544166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DRINKS OF THE PEOPLES OF DAGESTAN \u0000IN THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES","authors":"Z. Ramazanova, S. A. Suleimanova","doi":"10.32653/ch172480-492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch172480-492","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to analyze the drinks of the peoples of Dagestan in the period under study, which represent a certain independent subsystem within the general food system. The article was written based on the material of the ethnographic expeditions of 1985-2005. in the districts of Dagestan.The relevance of the research topic is due to the environmental crisis, initiated by the growth of industrialization, increased antagonism. an appeal to the historical experience of the peoples of Dagestan makes it possible to identify positive examples of an eco-oriented attitude towards the natural environment of the Dagestanis in the period under study. The heightened interest in the national origins of modern culture, in particular, in everyday culture, which has emerged recently; the location of Dagestan in the contact zone, in which local traditional forms and phenomena are intertwined with European and Near Eastern ones, also actualize the topic raised in the article.The ethnographic materials of the author became the sources for the study. Field ethnographic materials on the peoples of Dagestan are considered from the point of view of a special and comprehensive study of drinks as a specific subsystem within the general nutrition system. The generalization of information from sources on ethnography made it possible to get an idea of ​​the place and composition of the drinks of the peoples of Dagestan, about the stability of traditions, about the dependence on natural and geographical conditions and economy.Methodology of the work. The research is based on the principle of historicism, which makes it possible to analyze the traditional drinks of the peoples of Dagestan in the context of socio-cultural changes. Also, the method of logical research has become important in the article, the task of which is to reveal the role that the individual elements of the system play in the whole. Along with general scientific methods, private research methods were used in the work: identifying a specific, descriptive method, a method of generalization. The field of application of the research results is in educational and research activities.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127140036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRADITIONAL DISHES IN THE FOOD SYSTEM OF AZERBAIJANES","authors":"Piraga E. Ismailzade, Исмаилзаде Пирага Эюб оглу","doi":"10.32653/ch172523-541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32653/ch172523-541","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The article is devoted to the traditional food system of Azerbaijanis. It examines the technology of cooking national dishes, the place of the latter in the daily diet and ritual meals of Azerbaijanis. It is noted that in modern Azerbaijan, some of the rules of traditional food culture, etiquette, in particular when receiving national dishes and drinks, are observed mainly in family life. Today, national dishes are still used in everyday and festive meals. In the Mil-Mugan and Shirvan regions of Azerbaijan, table prayers are read before and after breakfast, lunch and dinner. The rules of etiquette provide special care and attention to the guest, elder, head of the family, children. For lunch and dinner, kebab, kalafur, pilaf, dolma, bozartma, etc. are specially prepared for the guest. The same national dishes were served on the Mavlid Holiday (in honor of the birth of the Prophet Muhammad) in the Mil-Mugan and Shirvan regions of Azerbaijan. The beneficial, healing properties of food are used in traditional medicine. Attention is drawn to the specifics of solemn meals, depending on the purposes of the ceremonies (mourning, wedding (engagement), family celebrations and folk holidays), as well as to the composition of dishes, the subtleties of the technology of their preparation for a large number of people. An extensive assortment of everyday, festive and ceremonial dishes, the degree of perfection of the rules of preparation, the traditional rules of table etiquette confirm the richness of the food culture of Azerbaijanis.","PeriodicalId":349883,"journal":{"name":"History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130027189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}