Vienna Yearbook of Population Research最新文献_第4页

Assessing the generational impact of COVID-19 using National Transfer Accounts (NTAs) 利用国家转移支付账户评估COVID-19的代际影响

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research Pub Date : 2022-01-26 DOI: 10.1553/populationyearbook2022.res1.2

M. Sánchez-Romero

{"title":"Assessing the generational impact of COVID-19 using National Transfer Accounts (NTAs)","authors":"M. Sánchez-Romero","doi":"10.1553/populationyearbook2022.res1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2022.res1.2","url":null,"abstract":"An important aspect of the current COVID-19 crisis is that not all age groups are equally affected by the pandemic. To account for the generational impact of COVID- 19, a dynamic overlapping generations model with realistic demography, human capital and NTAs is constructed. The COVID-19 crisis is modelled through two unexpected and temporary negative shocks: an economic shock that reduces labour income, and a demographic shock that increases the mortality hazard rates of those infected. The model is applied to 12 countries for which full NTA data are available. Results are presented for two extreme fiscal policies: one in which governments compensate workers for 0% (without fiscal support) of their total labour income losses due to the pandemic, and another in which governments compensate workers for 100% (with fiscal support) of these losses. In addition, I analyse the impact of these policies on public debt. The results show that COVID-19 is affecting the financial situations of people aged 25 to 64 and their children more than those of older people. By compensating workers for their income losses, the economic impact of COVID-19 has been more evenly distributed across cohorts, reducing the burden on people aged zero to 64, and increasing the burden on people aged 65 and older. Moreover, the simulation results show that a 1% decline in labour income leads to an average increase in the debt-to-total labour income ratio of between 1.2% (without fiscal policy) and 1.6% (with fiscal policy).","PeriodicalId":34968,"journal":{"name":"Vienna Yearbook of Population Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42223857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are homicides and robberies associated with mortality due to COVID-19? Lessons from Urban Mexico 谋杀和抢劫与COVID-19造成的死亡率有关吗?墨西哥城市的经验教训

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research Pub Date : 2022-01-26 DOI: 10.1553/populationyearbook2022.res2.4

Claudia Masferrer, Oscar Rodríguez Chávez

{"title":"Are homicides and robberies associated with mortality due to COVID-19? Lessons from Urban Mexico","authors":"Claudia Masferrer, Oscar Rodríguez Chávez","doi":"10.1553/populationyearbook2022.res2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2022.res2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the symbiosis of crime and COVID-19 have analyzed governmentmandated lockdown effects. However, it is unknown to what extent previous crime rates determined a larger and more mortal spread of the pandemic. We study how homicides and robberies in the pre-pandemic year of 2019 are associated with 2020 mortality rates due to COVID-19 in urban municipalities in Mexico. Considering sex differentials in health, exposure to the virus and experiences of violence, we study whether gender differences in mortality exist in 2020. Using publicly available data on deaths due to COVID-19 provided by the Mexican Secretariat of Health, along with a series of indicators to characterize local pre-pandemic conditions of urban municipalities, we estimate a series of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models on age-standardized crude death rates (ASCDR) by sex. Findings show that homicides—a proxy for criminal violence that might encourage people to stay home—show significant negative associations with mortality rates. Comparatively, robberies—a proxy of local violence and safety—were positively associated with mortality rates for both sexes. Sex differences in the determinants of ASCDR are discussed.","PeriodicalId":34968,"journal":{"name":"Vienna Yearbook of Population Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48936329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing excess mortality in Vienna and Austria after the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic 评估新冠肺炎大流行第一年后维也纳和奥地利的超额死亡率

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1553/populationyearbook2022.dat.1

Ramon Bauer, Markus Speringer, P. Frühwirt, R. Seidl, F. Trautinger

{"title":"Assessing excess mortality in Vienna and Austria after the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Ramon Bauer, Markus Speringer, P. Frühwirt, R. Seidl, F. Trautinger","doi":"10.1553/populationyearbook2022.dat.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2022.dat.1","url":null,"abstract":"In Austria, the first confirmed COVID-19 death occurred in early March 2020. Since then, the question as to whether and, if so, to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic has increased overall mortality has been raised in the public and academic discourse. In an effort to answer this question, Statistics Vienna (City of Vienna, Department for Economic Affairs, Labour and Statistics) has evaluated the weekly mortality trends in Vienna, and compared them to the trends in other Austrian provinces. For our analysis, we draw on data from Statistics Austria and the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), which are published along with data on the actual and the expected weekly numbers of deaths via the Vienna Mortality Monitoring website. Based on the definition of excess mortality as the actual number of reported deaths from all causes minus the expected number of deaths, we calculate the weekly prediction intervals of the expected number of deaths for two age groups (0 to 64 years and 65 years and older). The temporal scope of the analysis covers not only the current COVID-19 pandemic, but also previous flu seasons and summer heat waves. The results show the actual weekly numbers of deaths and the corresponding prediction intervals for Vienna and the other Austrian provinces since 2007. Our analysis underlines the importance of comparing time series of COVID-19-related excess deaths at the sub-national level in order to highlight within-country heterogeneities.","PeriodicalId":34968,"journal":{"name":"Vienna Yearbook of Population Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48683973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Why did care home residents face an elevated risk of death from COVID-19? A demographic perspective using data from Belgium and from England and Wales 为什么养老院居民面临新冠肺炎死亡风险的上升？使用比利时、英格兰和威尔士数据的人口统计视角

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1553/populationyearbook2022.dat.6

Nicole Mun Sim Lai

{"title":"Why did care home residents face an elevated risk of death from COVID-19? A demographic perspective using data from Belgium and from England and Wales","authors":"Nicole Mun Sim Lai","doi":"10.1553/populationyearbook2022.dat.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2022.dat.6","url":null,"abstract":"In many countries, deaths from COVID-19 were highly concentrated among care home residents during the initial wave of the pandemic. Care home residents may have faced higher risks of exposure and infection than the general population of older people. Once infected, residents may have been more likely to succumb to this disease as they were both older and frailer than the general population of older people. This study presents a quantified assessment of these factors in Belgium and in England and Wales. In doing so, this paper applies the Das Gupta decomposition method to explain the contributions of these three factors to the observed differences in mortality rates from COVID-19 between older people residing in care homes and older people living at home. According to these estimates, older people residing in care homes were 36 times more likely to die in Belgium and were 23 times more likely to die in England and Wales from COVID-19 than older people living at home during the initial wave of the pandemic. Decomposition of the differences in the mortality rates of these populations in Belgium and in England and Wales showed that the two key determinants were the greater underlying frailty of older people in care homes (accounting for 46% of the differences in Belgium and 66% of the differences in England and Wales) and the higher infection prevalence of older people in care homes (accounting for 40% of the differences in Belgium and 26% of the differences in England and Wales).","PeriodicalId":34968,"journal":{"name":"Vienna Yearbook of Population Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49551359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive schemas and fertility motivations in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 大流行期间美国的认知模式和生育动机。

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1553/populationyearbook2022.res1.7

Wendy D Manning, Karen Benjamin Guzzo, Monica A Longmore, Peggy C Giordano

{"title":"Cognitive schemas and fertility motivations in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Wendy D Manning, Karen Benjamin Guzzo, Monica A Longmore, Peggy C Giordano","doi":"10.1553/populationyearbook2022.res1.7","DOIUrl":"10.1553/populationyearbook2022.res1.7","url":null,"abstract":"While current evidence indicates that the United States did not experience a baby boom during the pandemic, few empirical studies have considered the underlying rationale for the American baby bust. Relying on data collected during the pandemic (n = 574), we find that pandemic-related subjective assessments (e.g., self-reported stress, fear of COVID-19 and relationship struggles) and not economic indicators (e.g., employment status, income level) were related to levels of fertility motivations among individuals in relationships. Analysis of within-person changes in fertility motivations shows that shifts in the number of children, increases in mental health issues and increases in relationship uncertainty, rather than changes in economic circumstances, were associated with short-term assessments of the importance of avoiding a pregnancy. We argue for broadening conceptual frameworks of fertility motivations by moving beyond a focus on economic factors to include a cognitive schema that takes subjective concerns into account.","PeriodicalId":34968,"journal":{"name":"Vienna Yearbook of Population Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9949748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9288686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pregnancies and contraceptive use in four African countries during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19大流行期间四个非洲国家的怀孕和避孕措施使用情况

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1553/populationyearbook2022.dat.4

A. Backhaus

引用次数: 5

Comparing the loss of life expectancy at birth during the 2020 and 1918 pandemics in six European countries 比较六个欧洲国家在2020年和1918年大流行期间出生时预期寿命的损失

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1553/populationyearbook2022.dat.7

V. Rousson, F. Paccaud, Isabella Locatelli

引用次数: 3

The mathematics of the reproduction number R for Covid-19: A primer for demographers 2019冠状病毒病再生产数R的数学计算:人口统计学家入门

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research Pub Date : 2020-11-17 DOI: 10.31235/osf.io/u6ey9

L. Rosero-Bixby, Tim Miller

引用次数: 3

Regional Covid-19 Mortality in Brazil by Age 巴西按年龄划分的Covid-19区域死亡率

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research Pub Date : 2020-07-15 DOI: 10.31235/osf.io/ujstp

E. A. Baptista, B. Queiroz

引用次数: 3

Extending working life: experiences from Sweden, 1981–2011 延长工作寿命:瑞典的经验，1981-2011

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.1553/populationyearbook2019s099

Haodong Qi, Kirk Scott, T. Bengtsson

引用次数: 5