{"title":"Bertelsmann","authors":"C. Herzog, C. Heise","doi":"10.1163/9789004337862_lgbo_com_020591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004337862_lgbo_com_020591","url":null,"abstract":"The Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA, headquartered in Gütersloh, Germany, is the largest media company in Europe and, according to the Institute of Media and Communications Policy’s 2017 ranking the 16th largest worldwide. It was family-led until 1981 and is still controlled by the Mohn family. As a conglomerate it comprises about 1,200 individual companies or equity interests. This entry further describes the company and discusses its history and business strategies.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128676439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When the Dust Settles: Productivity and Economic Losses Following Dust Storms","authors":"Maliheh Birjandi-Feriz, Kowsar Yousefi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3230265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3230265","url":null,"abstract":"Despite increasing concerns about the effects of climate change on economic growth and prosperity, we have little, persuasive, causal empirical evidence to inform us about the severity of this damage. This paper proposes a new context, in terms of both geographic region and type of pollution, to measure the economic costs associated with climate change. We provide large-scale evidence of the economic impacts of dust storms in Iran by estimating the effect of random year-to-year variation in dust exposure on manufacturing firm productivity. Dust storms deposit in regions that are far away from their points of origin, providing a unique framework in which emissions have no interaction with local economies. Using data collected from a decade of dust storms at on-the-ground weather stations, and firm data provided by Iran’s Census of Industrial Plants, we find that firms with higher exposure to dust emission exhibit negative productivity responses: one additional day of dust storm in a year results in a decline in productivity of about 0.081%, an amount equivalent to $149 million across all firms or 0.04% of GDP of Iran. The negative impact of these storms intensifies as the outdoor area and labor size of a plant increase; the primary mitigating factors are wind speed and access to reliable transportation networks (railroad). Our estimates are robust to multiple specification checks and are precise. The analysis of the mechanisms suggests that productivity declines mainly due to adverse impacts of dust storms on the health of the workers and to disruptions in access to input and output markets. Our paper highlights the significant spillover of environmental emissions across countries with drivers that can be traced back to climate change and political unrest in the region which has hindered multiple anti-desertification projects.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132832784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Relationship Among Organizational Survival, Site Risk and Accidents in Construction Sector","authors":"José M. Carretero-Gómez, Francisco J. Forteza","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3054119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3054119","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the relationships among the site risk, the probability of having accidents, the accident rate itself and the probability of firm survival in construction industry. We first assess safety levels on site using CONSRAT. We have examined during 11 years (2000-2010) 502 construction sites of 272 Spanish companies in Mallorca. We built a panel data with these safety assessments, the accident rates from Safety Authorities and the event of firm survival or mortality from SABI database from Bureu van Dijk. Our general hypotheses are that: 1) Risk on site has an effect on the probability of having and accident and also in the current accident rate of a company; and 2) that accident rate affects the probability of a company to survive in the sector. Using probit regression model with panel data, we explore which is the relationship among all those variables in order to test the hypotheses. The results can be useful to highlight the importance of defining policies to control accident rates effectively, since this may be determinant in the sustainability, competitiveness and growth of the construction sector in the economy of a region.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124389308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overcoming Institutional Voids: A Reputation-Based View of Long Run Survival","authors":"Cheng Gao, Tiona Zuzul, Geoffrey Jones, T. Khanna","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2894558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2894558","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging markets are characterized by underdeveloped institutions and frequent environmental shifts. Yet they also contain many firms that have survived over generations. How are firms in weak institutional environments able to persist over time? Motivated by 69 interviews with leaders of emerging market firms with histories spanning generations, we combine induction and deduction to propose reputation as a meta-resource that allows firms to activate their conventional resources. We conceptualize reputation as consisting of prominence, perceived quality, and resilience, and develop a process model that illustrates the mechanisms that allow reputation to facilitate survival in ways that persist over time. Building on research in strategy and business history, we thus shed light on an underappreciated strategic construct (reputation) in an under-theorized setting (emerging markets) over an unusual period (the historical long run).","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128904483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study on the Effects of Atmospherics on Consumer Buying Behaviour at Shoppers Stop","authors":"Aditi Khandelwal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2837799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2837799","url":null,"abstract":"Today, shopping is has become a more delightful activity, then merely looking for and buying products or offerings that satisfy one’s wants. The process of acquiring these products is all the more fascinating to many. With the retail environment undergoing a huge change, a customer now is more involved in the process of seeing, choosing and selecting what he wants, and this can be done at his own leisure, space and time. Initially, shopping was known to be inherently a female activity, but as the offerings for males has also increased and people demand better lifestyles, the male shopper also takes care about what is to be bought and after how much of examination. Shopper’s Stop, being a family store, caters to all kinds of customers and to the entire family. The store is frequented by shoppers of various profiles and ethnic diversities which is a big challenge for the store. The objective of this paper is to do an analysis of customer’s view about Shoppers’ Stop. Questionnaires were filled by customers and analysis was done to analyze the views of customers.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132225837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Managing Limited Retail Space for Basic Products: Space Sharing vs. Space Dedication","authors":"Wei Zhang, K. Rajaram","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2804068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2804068","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the problem of managing limited retail shelf or storage space for basic products by considering two inventory management strategies: space dedication and space sharing. When space is dedicated to each product, there is more flexibility in planning as different products can be replenished independently. In contrast, when space is shared across different products, there is potential for saving space; however, replenishment has to be coordinated across products and this leads to additional costs due to the lack of flexibility in replenishing each product individually. We model this problem as a non-linear mixed integer program and develop an effective heuristic and an upper bound for each strategy. We introduce three different but consistent criteria to compare each strategy. Through an extensive computational study, we identify the most relevant factors that impact the relative benefit of space sharing over space dedication. In addition, we show that space sharing with an optimal replenishment scheduling program can on average reduce space consumption by 31%.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132621414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retail Agglomeration and Competition Externalities: Evidence from Openings and Closings of Multiline Department Stores in the US","authors":"J. Clapp, Stephen L. Ross, Tingyu Zhou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2590082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2590082","url":null,"abstract":"From the perspective of an existing retailer, the optimal size of a cluster of retail activity represents a trade-off between the marginal increases in consumer attraction from another store against the depletion of the customer base caused by an additional competitor. We estimate opening and closing probabilities of multi-line department stores (“anchors”) as a function of pre-existing anchors by type of anchor store (low-priced, mid-priced or high-priced) using a bias corrected probit model with county and year fixed effects. We find strong negative competitive effects of an additional same type but no effect on openings of anchors of another type.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129303723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Outside Employment Opportunities, Employee Productivity, and Debt Discipline","authors":"Jayant R. Kale, Harley E. Ryan, Lingling Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1022067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1022067","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze how changes in labor market conditions influence the relation between a firm’s debt level and employee productivity. We document that better (worse) outside employment opportunities create a more negative (positive) relation between employee productivity and debt at both the firm and industry levels. Moreover, NAFTA, a quasi-natural experiment that affected employment opportunities in certain industries, resulted in a more positive productivity-leverage relation for firms in these industries. Our findings suggesting that outside employment opportunities affect the disciplining role of debt illustrate how labor market conditions impact the efficacy of corporate financial policies.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132933231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retail City: The Relationship between Place Attractiveness and Accessibility to Shops","authors":"Ozge Oner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2549626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2549626","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the role of retailers as an urban amenity. Using data for Swedish rural and city municipalities for 2002–2008, ‘accessibility to shops’ measures are constructed for the shops in the municipalities and in the hosting regions separately to examine the relationship between consumption possibilities and place attractiveness in a spatial continuum. Place attractiveness is proxied by a Q ratio for Swedish housing investment based on Tobin’s Q. Access to stores within municipal market boundaries is found to be relevant for the place attractiveness of city municipalities, whereas no such relationship is evident for rural municipalities.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132674155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrative Framework for Spirituality in Leadership","authors":"D. Seshadri, K. Sasidhar, M. Nayak","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2532321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2532321","url":null,"abstract":"The panorama of leaders, among other things gives a resounding message that we can win and do so using ethical means and more importantly share our wins and make everyone a winner in the global family. This indeed is a true culmination of the Vedic dictum. ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ (for those with magnanimous minds, the world indeed is but one family). A Chuck Feeney reaching out to an impoverished child in far flung Vietnam, or a Warren Buffett’s project ameliorating the lives of people in distant Africa, or a Devi Shetty bringing the state of the art medical care within the reach of a poor Karnataka farmer, all of them stand out as winners in the truest sense because they take great delight in making everyone victorious. When the champion leaders embrace such an all-inclusive world view, they set an example for the rest which is worth emulating. The realization would dawn that one’s ultimate triumph lies not in surpassing the rest in breasting the tape but in elevating others too to the victory podium and enhancing the overall level of societal consciousness. Indeed, this is the distinguishing hallmark of all great leaders, who redefine their personal success in terms of success of their communities. In this working paper, we have attempted to provide a unifying framework to better understand the spiritual dimension of leadership by broad-basing and reinterpreting the meanings of Dharma, Yagna and Yoga, into the leadership context of contemporary organizations. In the process, we have developed a unifying framework that has been presented in this paper. It is expected that this work will enthuse many more scholars to explore these verdant pastures, which area capable of launching leadership research into a much higher trajectory.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115989271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}