Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Assortment Optimization with Multi-Item Basket Purchase under Multivariate MNL Model","authors":"Stefanus Jasin, Chengyi Lyu, S. Najafi, Huanan Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3818886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3818886","url":null,"abstract":"Problem definition: Assortment selection is one of the most important decisions faced by retailers. Most existing papers in the literature assume that customers select at most one item out of the offered assortment. Although this is valid in some cases, it contradicts practical observations in many shopping experiences, both in online and brick-and-mortar retail, where customers may buy a basket of products instead of a single item. In this paper, we incorporate customers’ multi-item purchase behavior into the assortment optimization problem. We consider both the uncapacitated and capacitated assortment problems under the so-called Multivariate MNL (MVMNL) model, which is one of the most popular multivariate choice models used in the marketing and empirical literature. Methodology/results: We first show that the traditional revenue-ordered assortment may not be optimal. Nonetheless, we show that under some mild conditions, a certain variant of this property holds (in the uncapacitated assortment problem) under the MVMNL model; that is, the optimal assortment consists of revenue-ordered local assortments in each product category. Finding the optimal assortment even when there is no interaction among product categories is still computationally expensive because the revenue thresholds for different categories cannot be computed separately. To tackle the computational complexity, we develop FPTAS for several variants of (capacitated and uncapacitated) assortment problems under MVMNL. Managerial implications: Our analysis reveals that disregarding customers’ multi-item purchase behavior in assortment decisions can indeed have a significant negative impact on profitability, demonstrating its practical importance in retail. We numerically show that our proposed algorithm can improve a retailer’s expected total revenues (compared with a benchmark policy that does not properly take into account the impact of customers’ multi-item choice behavior in assortment decision) by up to 14%. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0526 .","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130117251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Approach of Environmental Awareness to Broadening Community Participation: A Case Study of Pindad (Persero)","authors":"Dewi Permatasari, Trianto Sutrisno, Zen Wahyudin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3815533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3815533","url":null,"abstract":"Manufacturing industries, both in commercial and strategic defense sectors are in trends to start their changing paradigm on environmental management. PT Pindad (Persero) as one of national manufacturing industry in Indonesia has been initiated related programs for the last few years. Starting year of 2020, the industry have implemented new transformation on energy and environmental preservation program, which also simultaneously conducted in community development area. This paper mainly discussed about activity in the industry, consist of energy efficiency and responsible resource consumption to reduce waste emitted to the environment, taking into account the life cycle thinking. Results shows that life cycle thinking of the Weapons Division consist of Design, Development, Manufacture, and Assembling activity, have potential impact in wastewater toxicity and air emission. This impact somehow drives the industry to reports the improvement program comprehensively, mainly in manufacturing area. Moreover, in the same objectives to spread environmental concern, the industry also conducted ex-situ conservation and land rehabilitation, while also develop awareness on environmental, safety, and health aspect to the long-run community empowerment.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122352202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inventory Management: Actuary, Quality, and Regulatory Conditions","authors":"Andrew Drazdik Jr","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3700159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3700159","url":null,"abstract":"Inventory management involved by the World Trade Organization and system standardization by standards set forth by the International Standards Organization have specific goals that the input and output require controls. The controls are explained in detail observation of the International Financial Reporting Standards and accounting measures that contribute to the gross income of inventory valuation. As an on going concern with business income statements that the cost measures are important to financial statements in a broad sense of corporate equity ownership and planning.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123725792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Charging Sales Taxes on Internet Sales Save Brick-and-Mortar Stores?","authors":"William Jens, J. Patin, Lonnie Turpin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3625647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3625647","url":null,"abstract":"In October of 2018, Sears, a U.S. retail giant, filed for bankruptcy. Walmart, the largest U.S. retail operation, recently introduced a new business model whereby on-line orders can be picked up or even delivered. Both events can be seen as part of a major shift away from the traditional brick-and-mortar operations toward on-line retail sales and the big elephant in the room, Amazon. Twenty years ago, the Internet Tax Freedom Act was passed, halting direct taxation on internet sales. At the time, it was seen as a protection of a relatively fledgling industry. Recently, the Supreme Court ruled that states may charge sales taxes on internet sales. This study will look at relative growth rates of retail sales v. internet sales and draw some conclusions on the ability of brick-and-mortar stores to compete against internet sales operations going forward and the possible impact of charging sales taxes on all internet sales.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124655773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation and Evolution of Business Models in Chemical Industry","authors":"W. Chiu, Yuan-Shih Shih","doi":"10.20474/jabs-6.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20474/jabs-6.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of meager profit age in globalized economy, demographic dividends have disappeared along with rising energy costs. As such, traditional chemical enterprises are impacted by technological and digital innovation. Besides, increasing competitive pressure has led many enterprises to shift their production to focus onto low-cost areas. Therefore, it is critical if enterprises can continue to survive with sustainable developments by improving business profits. To this end, this study has explored the business model development of a chemical company. The business model comprises of customer value proposition, key resources, key processes and profit model. The study aims to appreciate the business model development, strategic choice, and future trend of the case from the initial stage, innovation stage, and to expansion stage. As found in the study, the case that triggers the development of its business models has placed emphasis on the key resources and key processes in the initial stage. In the innovation stage, the case that emphasizes profit orientation has created and upheld high profits as well as rapid growth and innovation. Finally, the case that stresses customer value proposition has strived towards the goal of factory integration and profit sharing in the expansion stage.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129157222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Restricting the Entry of Formula Businesses Help Mom-and-Pop Stores? The Case of American Towns with Unique Community Character","authors":"Minje Kim, Tingyu Zhou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3536604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3536604","url":null,"abstract":"Communities worldwide have been wrestling with issues associated with chain stores proliferation. Many have explored and enacted chain store entry barriers in response, but how such regulations affect mom-and-pop businesses is still largely debated. The impact of chain store entry barriers on independent businesses is likely to vary by the characteristics of the local economy, a consideration overlooked by existing studies. Using a sample of U.S. cities with unique community character, we examine the effect of Formula Business Restrictions (FBR), a type of an American land use regulation that restricts the entry of “formula businesses,” defined as businesses offering and utilizing a standardized set of merchandise, services, and design. We find that the passage of FBR led to higher number and percentage of employees working in mom-and-pop businesses. This positive effect occurred over time with increasing magnitude. We also find that FBR had heterogeneous effects on different industry groups. For example, FBR had strong positive effects on retail mom-and-pop stores, but not on the service sector. Lastly, we show that FBR helped mom-and-pop businesses primarily by protecting existing ones from downsizing. These findings suggest that chain store entry barriers can be beneficial for independent businesses located in small towns with unique community character, but policymakers must be cautious of its varying effects on different industry groups.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130332298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venezuela Oil & Gas Industry a Look up into Oil & Gas Industrial History, Regimes, Problems and Opinions concerning Current State","authors":"Rabih Hassan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3426979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3426979","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity inherent in operations in the oil and gas industry, from complicated upstream, midstream and downstream processes such as exploratory magnetic, gravimetric and seismic surveying for hydrocarbon-bearing rock formations, exploratory drilling of wells, appraisal of prospective fields, development, production, storage, transportation, refining, marketing and distribution of the hydrocarbons, followed by subsequent decommissioning and rehabilitation of the production installations over a lengthy period of time requires the devotion of a large influx of specialized human and capital resources. Venezuela as Gas and oil producing country is characterized as uniquely capital intensive as a result of the significant monetary support and economic activity required as investments to make endeavors technically and commercially successful. The importance of foreign investments in facilitating development in the hydrocarbon industry in its state, underscores the significance of the establishment of a stable, transparent and efficient legal regime for promoting and protecting these investments. This paper will analyze the history of Venezuela exploration, development and production of oil and gas including analysis of legal regime through an examination of the interplay between the different elements of national legislation, contractual agreements and international treaties and unique regimes compared to other countries. Finally ending up by giving opinion to the current 2019 situation and consequences including recommendation and new necessary adaptations.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128530333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Institutional Role Model As a Contribution to the Implementation of Co-Operative Transport Systems","authors":"W. Schulz, Nicole Joisten, Bettina Arnegger","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3421107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3421107","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the exposition is to determine an institutional approach, which is enabling the market introduction of co-operative driving assistance systems. An institutional solution should ensure that adaptive adjustments to technological development also remain economically feasible. Current approaches are developed from a technical point of view. However, solutions which are technologically viable are not necessarily also economically successful. Previous market implementation strategies like isolated market implementation by companies or operators will not sustainably secure the economic success of C2X-systems; the complexity of C2X-systems attaches a considerable risk of insolvency to isolated market introductions. Also, organizational structures of operators are too inflexible to solve potential conflicts between the shareholders. With that, the required agility to cope with changes in demand and the technological innovation process cannot be achieved. Institutional Role Models overcome the weaknesses of traditional operational and organizational provision concepts. Result of this assessment is a matrix, which illustrates and enables the conceptual deviation of an institutional role model. In essence, all economic roles (business management, data collection, data processing, human resource management, financial management and controlling) and relevant market phases (research and development, growth, maturity, stagnation/regression, and recovery/ramp-up) are identified. For each involved institution, the individual role performance can be determined holistically and neutrally.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129351788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to Enhance Service Delivery in Public Hospitals. A Case of Banket Hospital","authors":"Anthony Tapiwa Mazikana","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3407754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3407754","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to investigate strategies to enhance service delivery in public hospitals. a case of Banket hospital. This will help to explore the strategies that enhance service delivery in public hospitals, establish factors that influence service delivery in public hospitals, evaluate measures that have been undertaken to improve service delivery in public hospitals, determine challenges faced in improving service delivery in public hospitals and recommend strategies for improving service delivery in public hospitals. Literature has shown that service delivery has been least reflected on by researchers in public hospitals, and efforts to improve service delivery in public hospitals were mainly centred on regulations and benchmarking against practices adopted in developed countries. Therefore, an empirical assessment of service delivery in the Zimbabwean hospitals will greatly contribute to understanding the service delivery dimensions, which could bring efficiency and sustainability to the hospital threatened by economic challenges. The population of this study constituted of 100 employees from Banket Hospital. A sample of 80 was chosen from Banket hospital using random sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire based on a five-point Likert-type scale. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was adopted for data analysis in which both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The major findings were that there are some factors which influence service delivery in public hospitals such as management interference in administration and inadequate alignment of budget with the requirements of the central government. The study has also shown that Banket hospital has attempted to educate all stakeholders as a measure which have been undertaken to improve service delivery in public hospitals. Strategies to improve service delivery in public hospitals are suggested, with some managerial and theoretical implications being highlighted. The study recommended that hospitals should put in place reforms to improve service delivery.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126281406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Price or Variety? An Evaluation of Mergers Effects in Grocery Retailing","authors":"Elena Argentesi, Paolo Buccirossi, R. Cervone, Tomaso Duso, Alessia Marrazzo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3175184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3175184","url":null,"abstract":"Assortment decisions are key strategic instruments for firms responding to local market conditions. We assess this claim by studying the effect of a national merger between two large Dutch supermarket chains on prices and on the depth as well as composition of assortment. We adopt a difference-in-differences strategy that exploits local variation in the merger’s effects, controlling for selection on observables when defining our control group through a matching procedure. We show that the local change in competitive conditions due to the merger did not affect individual products’ prices but it led the merging parties to reposition their assortment and increase average category prices. While the low-variety and low-price target’s stores reduced the depth of their assortment when in direct competition with the acquirer’s stores, the latter increased their product variety. By analyzing the effect of the merger on category prices, we find that the target most likely dropped high priced products, while the acquirer added more of them. Thus, the merging firms reposition their product offerings in order to avoid cannibalization and lessen local competition. Further, we show that other dimensions of heterogeneity, such as market concentration, whether a divestiture was imposed by the Dutch competition authority, and the re-branding strategy of the target stores, are important for explaining the post-merger dynamics. A simple theoretical model of local-market variety competition explains most of our findings.","PeriodicalId":348605,"journal":{"name":"Industry Specific Strategy & Policy eJournal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129733693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}