RUDN Journal of World History最新文献_第2页

Evolution of the views on the Moon in Arab-speaking Medieval society 阿拉伯中世纪社会月亮观的演变

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-81-97

Valeriy A. Matrosov, Tatiana A. Gudach

{"title":"Evolution of the views on the Moon in Arab-speaking Medieval society","authors":"Valeriy A. Matrosov, Tatiana A. Gudach","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-81-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-81-97","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, some branches of medieval Muslim cosmology, including astrology, were considered insufficiently academic, and commonly they received less attention than they worth, as a result, entire scientific layers turned out to be not much studied. Within the framework of this study, the authors attempted to highlight one of the aspects of the cosmological system - the approaches of scientists of the Arab-Muslim world to the Moon - covering various traditions, regions, eras (within the “classical” period of development of Islamic medieval science). On the basis of seven treatises and comparative typological methods, the features of both the “academic” (astronomy) and “mystical” (astrology) schools were revealed, and an attempt was made to combine the features of both of them within a single system. Despite the fact that, as seems, astrology should involve a wide variety of approaches and solutions, the authors managed to show that the Moon is found only among astronomers as an independent and valuable object of research. At the same time, aspects of its consideration and methods of scientific description vary widely. Astrological science assumed the use of the Moon only as a tool in the construction of tables and systems, and over the centuries has undergone little change. Of particular interest in the study was the appeal to the work of Abu al-Abbas alFarghani (IX cent.) and Abdul-Hasan al-Isfahani (XIV cent.), little known to the Russian reader.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41768696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The rise of Qatar in the international arena: causes, factors, consequences 卡塔尔在国际舞台上的崛起：原因、因素和后果

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-56-64

Ayham Saleh Abou Khashabh, N. Akhmedova

{"title":"The rise of Qatar in the international arena: causes, factors, consequences","authors":"Ayham Saleh Abou Khashabh, N. Akhmedova","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-56-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-56-64","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the research topic is due to the strengthening of the role of Qatar in international affairs. The purpose of this study is to identify the causes, factors, and consequences of the rise of Qatar in the international arena. The Gulf Monarchy has faced a number of historical developments and trends that have contributed to its transformation into a strong player in the Arab region. After Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani came to power in 1995, a small country in terms of geographical and demographic indicators was perceived as a minor player. However, Qatar, which has noticeably stepped up its policy in the region, has become one of the influential states in the Middle East. The methodological basis of the study is based on the principle of historicism, according to which the problem under study is considered with an emphasis on identifying qualitative changes and the historical dynamics of the analyzed processes. The historical-descriptive method was used to identify the key events that influenced the transformation of Qatar’s foreign policy. The authors also emphasize the role of the ruling elite in reforming Qatari society and developing an offensive foreign policy strategy. The conclusion is made about the external and internal factors of the rise of the state, including an active foreign policy along with a stable domestic policy.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46320552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mutual Perception of Arabs and Iranians: History and Present 阿拉伯人和伊朗人的相互认知:历史和现在

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-65-80

A. A. Lashina, O. Chikrizova

引用次数: 0

High Hopes, Lost Illusions: General Islamic Congress in Jerusalem (1931) 寄予厚望，幻灭:耶路撒冷的伊斯兰大会(1931)

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-7-21

S. Kirillina, A. L. Safronova, V. Orlov

{"title":"High Hopes, Lost Illusions: General Islamic Congress in Jerusalem (1931)","authors":"S. Kirillina, A. L. Safronova, V. Orlov","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-7-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-7-21","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of the research topic is due to the relevance of the problem of the caliphate in the social and political life of the modern Arab-Muslim world. The purpose of this research project is to analyze the causes and consequences of the emergence of caliphate movements, which were the reaction of the Muslim world to the destruction of the Ottoman Empire and the liquidation of the institution of the caliphate in 1924 by the republican leadership of Turkey. At the same time, the authors focus on the General Islamic Congress in Jerusalem (1931) as a concrete example of the socio-political discussions of Muslims about the unity of the Ummah and the future fate of the caliphate. Based on the materials of historical sources, the authors identified contradictions in the diversity of ideological and value views of the caliphatists in the main areas of Islamic world - in the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia, analyzed methodological, spiritual and political obstacles that stood in the way of the ideologists of caliphatism by the example of contradictions in the activities of the Mufti of Jerusalem Amin al-Husseini (c. 1895-1974), who advocated the independent statehood of Arab Palestine, and the leader of Indian Muslims Shaukat Ali (1873-1938), who advocated the internationalization of the cause of the revival of the caliphate. The authors prove that “Islamic internationalism” in the 1930s began to acquire more and more national, ethno-culturally conditioned forms, which was due to the distrust of caliphatism on the part of the British colonial officials and the political elites of Turkey and Egypt in the geopolitical conditions that changed after the First World War. In addition, the importance of studying higher Muslim education for the characterization of the political, value, religious and philosophical positions of the caliphists and their opponents is revealed.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47972066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Representation of Iranian Cybersecurity Policy in the National Media 伊朗网络安全政策在国家媒体中的代表性

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-45-55

Diana I. Mullakhmetova, A. Kudelin

引用次数: 0

«At-tavarikh ar-rusum ad-dagistania»: codification of Customary law in the Dagestan Province «在tavarikh ar rusum ad dagistana»：达吉斯坦省习惯法的编纂

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-98-107

I. Chmilevskaya

{"title":"«At-tavarikh ar-rusum ad-dagistania»: codification of Customary law in the Dagestan Province","authors":"I. Chmilevskaya","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-98-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-98-107","url":null,"abstract":"When the territories of the North Caucasus became part of the Russian Empire and Dagestan Province was formed in 1861, the colonial authorities faced the necessity of the spread of common legal norms and the judicial system in the region. It was decided to turn to the Customary law, which was popular enough among the population (Arabic. ‘adat ) and on its basis to draw up a unifi legal code. Two Arabic-language manuscripts and one Russian-language document have come down to nowadays, presumably representing attempts to codify ‘adat . The purpose of the article is to review and compare texts using historical and textual analysis answering following questions: what legal systems are refl in the «At-tavarikh ar-rusum ad-dagistania»? How did the imperial authorities manipulate them and what was the result of the interaction of local forms of law and colonial ones? As a result of the study, it was revealed that the documents created by Russian offi included not only the legal norms of the residents of North Caucasus, but also references to the imperial legal system and shari‘a . Despite the proliferation of courts under customary law in the region, we do not fi evidence of the use of the codes in question in them, which is probably due to their unpopularity due to signifi discrepancies with local ‘adat norms.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47195451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Security Policy Options for Japan in Three Time Frameworks 三个时间框架下日本的安全政策选择

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-410-426

T. Toyoda, E. Vaseneva, Ryo Takahama

{"title":"Security Policy Options for Japan in Three Time Frameworks","authors":"T. Toyoda, E. Vaseneva, Ryo Takahama","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-410-426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-410-426","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines security policy options for Japan at the present stage that may be worth considering in the short term, the midterm, and the long term, respectively. Hence, the aim of the paper is to examine foreign policy security options for Japan in the foreseeable future. While providing a comprehensive overview of the Japanese foreign and security policy at the present stage, the article employs the case study methodological framework to analyze Japan’s foreign policy objectives in case of Tokyo’s relations with the most critical partners in the Asia-Pacific Region - namely, the United States, China, Russia, ASEAN, and Taiwan. Examining the origin and further development of the QUAD, the authors highlight the absence of ASEAN members and India’s hesitation to institutionalize the grouping, while analyzing the Russia-Japan relations they focus on common interests in security cooperation, as well on its limitations. As a result, in the short term, the expansion of the Japan-US alliance to the Indo-Pacific region is the most plausible option. However, without involving the ASEAN countries, the Free and Open IndoPacific (FOIP) strategy can only add Australia and India to the existing Japan-US alliance. In the midterm, an alliance with Russia may be, with some serious limitations, geographically a natural option. In the long term, Japan might need to find a proper place in a China-centered order in East Asia. Therefore, the authors conclude that the relative decline of US influence in East Asia is unavoidable in the coming decades, Japan must adjust or even reconsider its security policy.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45527112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sports life in the provincial cities of the Eastern Roman Empire in the 4th-6th centuries 4-6世纪东罗马帝国各省市的体育生活

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-267-279

V. V. Khapaev, A. M. Glushich

{"title":"Sports life in the provincial cities of the Eastern Roman Empire in the 4th-6th centuries","authors":"V. V. Khapaev, A. M. Glushich","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-267-279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-267-279","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the sports life of provincial cities of the Byzantine Empire in the IV-VI centuries. Based on written and material sources it is proved that the sports life of the empire in the early Byzantine period was not limited to the Great Hippodrome of Constantinople. It is shown that hippodromes operated in all major cities of the empire, where competitions were held in the most popular sport - chariot racing. This sport was also an important “social elevator”, a way of labor migration from the province to the capital for talented charioteers and dancers. Sports games according to the Olympic program, the decline of which was previously associated with the end of the IV - beginning of the V century, in fact, continued to be held in Antioch until the beginning of the VI century, which makes this city the last keeper of the traditions of Olympism in the early Middle Ages. The great historical role of provincial “branches” of circus parties, both as powerful political and economic institutions and instigators of social unrest on a pan-imperial scale is noted. The unique precedent of the use of sports competitions in provincial Apamea by the Persian Shah Khosrow I as a military-political tool to assert an advantage over Justinian I has been studied. It is concluded that sports in provincial cities fell into decline at the beginning of the VII century due to the difficult military and economic situation of the empire. During the Macedonian Renaissance spectator sports in the provinces did not recover.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43441812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of real security for obligations fulfillment in Ancient Greece 古希腊履行义务的真实担保的发展

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-280-288

A. V. Loginov

引用次数: 0

Inception of the ‘cult’ of ball game ‘stars’ in Hellenistic Athenes 希腊化雅典人对球赛“明星”崇拜的开端

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-257-266

Ivan N. Korovchinskiy

{"title":"Inception of the ‘cult’ of ball game ‘stars’ in Hellenistic Athenes","authors":"Ivan N. Korovchinskiy","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-257-266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-257-266","url":null,"abstract":"Absract. Nowadays ball games are the most popular types of sport in the world including Russia. This fact contrasts sharply with the almost total absence of research in the field of ancient Greek ball games in Russian historical science. The aim of this article is to fill that gap at least on a small scale. The history of Greek ball games in the Hellenistic period is especially interesting because of the rise of their significance at that time. Τhe method of historicism and the comparative method are applied in this article. The most important sources for our article are the fragments of Athenaios’ Deipnosophistai (I, 26, 34) related to playing ball in Hellenistic times. We reconsidered the fragment by Damoxenus, the 3rd century BC writer of comedies, quoted by Athenaeus and usually interpreted as devoted to homosexual feelings. In our view it rather reflects a rapture of Athenian fans over a ball-player’s skill. However, the dramatist hyperbolizes this rapture in order to make it more comical. We correlate this fragment of Damoxenus with Athenaeus’ mention of significant honors (including granting of citizenship) given by Athenes to Aristonicus, Alexander the Great’s coach in ball games. Those honors are also reflected in the extant Athenian decree honoring Aristonicus. The talented ball-players became popular in the Hellenistic period possibly because at that time popularity was won by the idea that playing ball is useful for the military training. However conservators, continuing to regard ball games as mere entertainment (as it had been typical in the Classical period) could probably still exist, and Damoxenus’ mockery at the rapture over talent in ball game may reflect their views.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44660794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0