RUDN Journal of World History最新文献_第3页

Sculptural Display of the Smintheion in Troas: visual rhetoric in the context of a Hellenistic sanctuary 特罗亚斯的雕塑展示:希腊化圣所背景下的视觉修辞

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-338-348

N. A. Nalimova

{"title":"Sculptural Display of the Smintheion in Troas: visual rhetoric in the context of a Hellenistic sanctuary","authors":"N. A. Nalimova","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-338-348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-338-348","url":null,"abstract":"The temple of Apollo Smintheus near the village of Gülpınar (north-western Turkey, Troas) is undoubtedly among the most important monuments of the Hellenistic Age. The latest publications on the temple and sanctuary complex allow a more accurate and precise assessment of this remarkable building. Apollo bearing the epithet “Smintheus” (“Lord of mice”) appears in the opening lines of the Iliad and the very place of action is localized in the vicinity of Chrysa - an ancient town found near modern Göztepe, not far from Smintheion. These “Homeric” associations are reflected in the sculptural decoration of the temple: its frieze depicts scenes from the Iliad and later epic poems. Such a representation of the Trojan cycle, as a continuous narrative with direct reference to Homer and post-Homeric texts, has no precedent in earlier temple sculptures. In addition to the continuous frieze in the entablature, the sculptural decoration of the temple included columnae caelatae of two types - ornamental and figurative ones. Being placed on the top of the columns they formed a single semantic and visual unit with the frieze. In the present article the reach sculptural display of the temple is carefully analyzed. The author demonstrates the way in which various visual languages - narrative, associative, and symbolic - were involved in the mechanisms of creating memory, maintaining the aristocratic ideology and specific aspects of the local cult.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43338402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Buddhism and Nationalism as Sources of Identity in in Asia of the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries 19世纪末20世纪初亚洲的佛教与民族主义作为身份认同的来源

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-355-372

B. Kitinov

引用次数: 0

Cambodia’s Decline and the Fall of Angkor as Pictured in the Chinese Sources during the Yuan and Early-Middle Ming dynasties (Late XIII - Early XV cc.) 元至明初中期(十三世纪末至十五世纪初)中国史料中描绘的柬埔寨的衰落和吴哥的衰落

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-461-484

Ilia S. Kolnin

引用次数: 0

Ager exceptus and fundi excepti: on the question of social significance of «excluded» fields 年龄例外与基础例外:论“被排除”领域的社会意义问题

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-297-307

V. A. Konyukhov

{"title":"Ager exceptus and fundi excepti: on the question of social significance of «excluded» fields","authors":"V. A. Konyukhov","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-297-307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-297-307","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the concepts existing in historiography regarding ager exceptus, a land category that appears in the agrarian law of 111 BC. The data of this law are used, among other things, for the reconstruction of the Gracchan agrarian legislation, in particular the initiatives of the youngest of the brothers, Gaius. Among all the hypotheses regarding the essence of ager exceptus, the author singles out as the most reasoned the one put forward by T. Mommsen: according to the latter, ager exceptus is, first of all, a Campanian field, ager Campanus. V.G. Telminov also speaks of ager Campanus as the material basis of “excluded” fields, although on other grounds than T. Mommsen. The idea that the fields of the Italian allies were excluded from the division is very attractive, however, the data of the agrarian law of 111 BC do not support this idea of F.T. Hinrichs. There is shown the difference between the ager exceptus of the agrarian law of 111 BC and fundi excepti, which are mentioned by Roman surveyors. In this regard, the author criticizes the concept of the French researcher C. Nicolet, who suggested that ager exceptus could be a mechanism for the formation of large landed property, and, consequently, contribute to the deterioration of the social climate in Roman society. The author of the article shows that C. Nicolet relied on the data of only one of the surveyors, Siculus Flaccus, although the information of Hyginus Gromatikus looks both more complete and more reliable. The social role of the lands ager exceptus and fundi excepti is noted.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68268776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Juniors age categories of athletes at the Panathenaic Games 泛雅典运动会的青少年运动员

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-243-256

T. B. Gvozdeva

{"title":"Juniors age categories of athletes at the Panathenaic Games","authors":"T. B. Gvozdeva","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-243-256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-243-256","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to some aspects of ancient athletics of the classical period. The author traces the history of the formation of the Olympic Games program and its influence on the programs of Pan-Hellenic and local Games. The popularity of the Pan-Hellenic Games led over time to the complication of the program and an increase in the number of athletes participating in the games, for whom different age classification systems were developed. At the Olympic and Pythian Games, all athletes were divided into two age groups: paides and andres, whereas at the Isthmian and Nemean Games there were three age groups of athletes: paides, ageneioi and andres. The author explores the history of the Panathenaic Games in Athens, which are often called the “fifth” Panhellenic Games. The article shows that the program of the Panathenaic Games, on the one hand, was created on the basis of the programs of the Olympic and Pythian Games, on the other hand, it differed from it in that it included a number of competitions in which only Athenians could take part. The author shows that both the competitions “only for Athenians” and the introduction of younger age groups of athletes created more opportunities for local athletes to succeed at the Panathenaic Games and thus contributed to the development of athletics in Athens.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46374632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

“Love for the Fatherland” and civil Identity in the discourse of Latin and Greek inscriptions “对祖国的爱”与拉丁与希腊文铭文话语中的公民认同

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-308-327

A. V. Makhlaiuk

{"title":"“Love for the Fatherland” and civil Identity in the discourse of Latin and Greek inscriptions","authors":"A. V. Makhlaiuk","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-308-327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-308-327","url":null,"abstract":"Based on Greek and Latin epigraphy, the article examines the main features of civil ideology associated with the concept of “love of the fatherland” ( philopatria , amor patriae and their derivatives). The corresponding categories, often emotionally colored, were widely used to characterize the virtues and behavioral motives of urban elites who acted as euergetai . The lexical and contextual analysis of the inscriptions shows that the civic patriotism of the Greek cities coexisted quite well with the political loyalty to the Roman authorities and ruling emperors. In both Greek and Latin inscriptions, there is an explicit or implicit imperial context. In the former, it is especially emphasized by title names indicating “love” for emperors and Rome (φιλόκαισαρ, φιλοσέβαστος, φιλορώμαιος). In the western provinces and Italy, there was obviously no particular need for such direct references. It is reasonable to believe that there, in urban communities consisting of Roman citizens, a sense of belonging to two homelands, as Cicero defined them, remained: Rome as communis patria / patria civitatis (iuris) and the fatherland by nature and locality ( patria naturae / loci patria ). In other aspects, however, a comparison of the discourses of Greek and Latin inscriptions reveals direct parallels and coincidences in the basic value orientations, due to the remaining civil-communal (polis) character of the cities of the Roman Empire.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47552020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rent in ownership relations on Ager Colonicus in Rome (1-2 centuries AD) 罗马古Colonicus时代(公元1-2世纪)所有权关系中的租金

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-289-296

I. Gvozdeva

{"title":"Rent in ownership relations on Ager Colonicus in Rome (1-2 centuries AD)","authors":"I. Gvozdeva","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-289-296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-289-296","url":null,"abstract":"In Roman agrimensura, starting from the archaic period, there was a division of land areas: culta - meant fields suitable for tillage; inculta - unsuitable for grain crops. Culta were subjected to divisio, forming the category agri divisi. Inculta retained the status of Publicus, so they were not divisi. But the importance of these lands was important when organizing Ager Colonicus, since they created an opportunity for settlers to engage in farming and cattle breeding in addition to farming. Roman surveyors identified categories of such public lands. They could be used by the owners of nearby plots. Such lands were provided to new settlers for rent for vectigal. These were the relic lands (agri relicti) and the massif that made up the colony’s reserve (extra clusa). In addition, the remnants of the surveying - subsecivi (unoccupied centuries or its fragments) were also provided to the colonists for temporary lands. A “joint pasture” (compscuus) was often created on the segments. Also, on lease terms, the new settlers used the forest and pasture (silva et pascua). On all categories of land, ownership relations were formed within the boundaries of Ager Colonicus. As a result, the colonist’s economy acquired a complex character, which contributed to the prosperity of this new settlement.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47685258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution and transformation processes of China’s educational policy and governance in 1978-2019 1978-2019年中国教育政策与治理的演变与转型过程

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-389-409

V. Kashin, A. Yankova

{"title":"Evolution and transformation processes of China’s educational policy and governance in 1978-2019","authors":"V. Kashin, A. Yankova","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-389-409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-389-409","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of the period of reforms and openness, the PRC has constantly promoted a phased reform of the education system to modernize educational functions, rise new builders of socialism and support economic transformations in the country. Due to the active regulatory and management work, described in detail in the article with the help of instrumental observation, China gradually achieved several important results. State educational policy shifted from focusing on expanding the scope and improving the quality of education to its connotation-based development. The study of the Chinese experience of modernization of the education system has not only theoretical, but also practical significance, since successful Chinese examples of deep and rapid transformation of the national administrative system and state functions, as well as a clear adjustment of the characteristics of educational policy to current national priorities can be considered for partial application in other countries, including Russia. In order to adapt elements of the Chinese experience to the realities of other countries, such as Russian Federation, it is necessary to fully understand the context, features and stages of the educational policy evolution of the People’s Republic of China, which is done in this article.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42378147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

History and prospects of cooperation between Russia, India and Bangladesh in the field of nuclear energy 俄罗斯、印度和孟加拉国在核能领域合作的历史和前景

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-427-442

S. A. Mikhailov

{"title":"History and prospects of cooperation between Russia, India and Bangladesh in the field of nuclear energy","authors":"S. A. Mikhailov","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-427-442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-427-442","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to analyze the cooperation of the Russian Federation (RF) with India and the People’s Republic of Bangladesh (PRB) in the field of nuclear energy in the light of its history, current state and near-term prospects. The author states that recently (since 2009-2014) the sectoral interaction has significantly strengthened and implementation of the main joint nuclear projects has intensified which gives a positive effect for the bilateral relations. Mutually beneficial and successful economic projects provide consensus and mutual understanding in the context of the rapid changes in the global geopolitical situation in 2022. The Ukrainian crisis and the large-scale economic sanctions against Russia led to a negative impact on the economies of most countries of the world. The issues of energy security in this situation have become one of the key factors. The continuation and development of contacts in the nuclear field becomes fundamentally important providing the new opportunities for the countries of South Asia (SA) to strengthen their own security and independence. The gathered partnership experience of the relevant cooperation between RF and SA in the nuclear field can contribute to the intensification of political ties between countries which are quite important in the light of fundamental changes in the world order. The relevance of the study implies studying the possibilities of the practical application of the gathered experience and potential of interaction between RF, India and Bangladesh aimed at determination of the optimal ways and directions of cooperation in the nuclear field and its further intensification.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43416506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

South Korean “Youth Culture” of the 1970s and State-Led Modernization 20世纪70年代韩国“青年文化”与国家主导的现代化

RUDN Journal of World History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-373-388

Alexander S. Starshinov, Natalya N. Kim

{"title":"South Korean “Youth Culture” of the 1970s and State-Led Modernization","authors":"Alexander S. Starshinov, Natalya N. Kim","doi":"10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-373-388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-373-388","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines features of Park Chung-hee’s project of modernization and identifies socio-economic and cultural influence of such state-led modernization on the creation and development of South Korean “youth culture” of the 1970s. The authors highlight several specific policies and socio-economic trends that led the emergence of “youth culture”: rapid urbanization and drastic increase in urban population; increase in urban families’ incomes and consumption; changes in the division of labor; expansion of both school and university education and dissemination of mass media. Along with that, the article analyzes the influence of the policies of managed westernization and developmentalist discourse of the 1960s on the formation of values of this “youth culture”. The paper explains how these state-led policies paved the way for the creation of “youth culture” that paradoxically contained drastically different values compared to both official discourse of the Yusin government and values of parental generation. The new generation born after the Korean War, the so-called Hangeul generation, became the main driving force behind it, but faced repetitive misunderstanding and condemnation from both the older generation and the state. Eventually, due to state’s pressure, this “youth culture” experienced decline in the second half of the 1970s.","PeriodicalId":34723,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of World History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43532535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0