Heart and Mind最新文献

{"title":"Comparative utility of biofeedback parameters in predicting perceived relaxation","authors":"S. Kapadia, VishwumS Kapadia, Yuan-HuaN Thakore","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm-d-23-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm-d-23-00001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70737565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental stress contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic heart and brain diseases: A mini-review","authors":"Yong-Jian Geng","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm-d-23-00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm-d-23-00039","url":null,"abstract":"Atherosclerotic vascular diseases have two life-threatening complications, namely myocardial and cerebral infarcts. The development of the two pathological conditions involves interplays between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Mental stress is an independent factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic heart and brain diseases. Increased mental stress is linked to heightened vascular stiffness, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Neuroendocrinological impacts of stress include the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system and its active peptides, particularly angiotensin II (Ang II), in stress-related disorders. In a circadian manner, Ang II and its two subtypes of receptors exist in the stress-responsive brain hypothalamus–adrenal–pituitary axis. Mental stress can cause broken heart syndrome or stress cardiomyopathy. Stress resilience is an important factor that regulates the susceptibility to stress-associated cardiovascular dysfunction and the development of adverse events. Preventive and therapeutic approaches are developed on multiple fronts aimed at mitigating the stress-associated vascular responses and development of atherosclerotic vascular disorders.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135838569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the complex web: Heart disease and stroke","authors":"Yuchuan Ding, Fengwu Li, Xiaokun Geng","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm-d-23-00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm-d-23-00036","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION As we delve into the complexities of the human body, we often find ourselves facing formidable adversaries, many of which remain unknown. Heart disease and stroke are two such adversaries, claiming millions of lives each year.[1] According to the World Health Organization,[2] ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of death worldwide in 2019, responsible for 8.9 million fatalities, while stroke was the second leading cause, accounting for 6.1 million deaths. The inextricable links between heart disease and stroke are obvious, as 30% of strokes are complicated by heart attacks and the mortality rate soars as high as 54%. Furthermore, symptoms of cardiovascular disease, such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure, can exacerbate the inflammatory response after a stroke, leading to worsened functional outcomes. These facts emphasize the need to address both diseases concomitantly and highlight the importance of a multi-pronged approach in our battle against them. This Special Issue of Heart and Mind aimed to shine a light on these entwined conditions and their ongoing battle against humanity. THE CHALLENGE OF PREVENTION The magnitude of the challenge at hand cannot be overstated, and as such, we must focus on reducing the global impact of heart disease and stroke. A key part of this battle is the prevention of common risk factors,[3,4] which include: (1) High blood pressure: A leading cause of both heart disease and stroke, hypertension damages blood vessels and increases the risk of plaque buildup in arteries, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. (2) High cholesterol: Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contribute to the formation of plaque in blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. (3) Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and nerves, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. (4) Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure: Tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. (4) Obesity: Excess weight puts a strain on the heart and can lead to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes, all of which increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. (4) Unhealthy diets: Diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium can contribute to heart disease and stroke. (5) Physical inactivity: Sedentary lifestyles increase the risk of heart disease and stroke by contributing to obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. (6) Mental stress: Chronic stress has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease and stroke due to its effects on blood pressure and inflammation. Addressing these risk factors may help reduce health disparities and improve outcomes for individuals across geographic, racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic divides. COMPREHENSIVE EXPLORATION Currently, we encompass a comprehensive exploration of heart disease and stroke prevention, diagnosis, treatme","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135838821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives of Barry A. Franklin, PhD: A world-renowned professor, author, and speaker","authors":"Meiyan Liu, BarryA Franklin, Icey Zhang","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm-d-23-00045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm-d-23-00045","url":null,"abstract":"In the interview, Prof. Barry A. Franklin discussed his perspectives on physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health. He also unraveled how soft skills can empower superachievers. His major viewpoints are: (a) exercise benefits cardiac patients; yet, too much exercise may be risky, (b) exercise prescription should be scientifically based and varies by different objectives for each individual, (c) patients’ motivation to change their behaviors matters during cardiac rehabilitation, (d) physical activities could play a protective role for dementia prevention, (e) technology and virtual approaches enable more patients to participate in cardiac rehab programs, (f) patients with heart failure may benefit even more from exercise training than other patient populations, (g) psychosocial stressors may partially explain some cardiac events, (h) novel risk factors help identify people at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, such as genetics, coronary calcium score, air pollution, and inflammation, and (i) soft skills are needed by all people, regardless of their field.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A narrative review on exercise and cardiovascular disease: Physical activity thresholds for optimizing health outcomes","authors":"Barry A. Franklin, Thijs H Eijsvogels","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_1_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_1_23","url":null,"abstract":"The favorable risk factor profiles and superb cardiac performance of elite long-distance runners, as well as the anti-aging effects of exercise, have likely contributed to the escalating number of adults worldwide who have embraced the notion that “more exercise is invariably better.≵ Nevertheless, vigorous-to-high-intensity physical activity (PA), particularly when unaccustomed, appears to be a trigger for acute cardiac events in individuals with known or occult atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or structural cardiovascular abnormalities, most notably, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Although regular endurance exercise and moderate-to-vigorous PA provide established cardioprotective benefits, high-volume, high-intensity exercise training regimens appear to induce maladaptive cardiac remodeling in some individuals. These potential adverse cardiac adaptations include accelerated coronary artery calcification (CAC), elevated cardiac biomarker release, myocardial fibrosis, and atrial fibrillation (AF), which may be described by a reverse J-shaped curve. However, the risk for acute cardiovascular events is lower in fit/active persons compared to their unfit/inactive counterparts with the same CAC scores. Similarly, the risk of AF is the highest in habitually sedentary older adults, decreases with light-to-moderate intensity regular PA but increases with high-volume, high-intensity exercise regimens (i.e., reverse J-shaped curve). This review examines these relations and more, with specific reference to the World Health Organization exercise intensity and duration recommendations for optimal health, as well as the thresholds for other research-based exercise metrics, including steps/day and the concept of metabolic equivalents-minutes/week. The primary beneficiaries of exercise training programs and long-term goal training intensities, based on age, sex, and “good≵ fitness, are also discussed. In summary, the benefits of regular moderate-to-vigorous PA and the associated improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness far outweigh the risks for most individuals.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46546282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"College students' awareness of the epidemic and their mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak","authors":"Jing Zhou, Min-Lin Fang, Tuo Han, Jiajia Wang, Honghong Li, Zhile Li","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_47_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_47_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70736594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is bad for the heart is bad for the brain?","authors":"Eduard Guasch, Gemma Sangüesa, Montserrat Batlle","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm-d-23-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm-d-23-00014","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, We have read with great interest the most recent issue of Heart and Mind addressing the relationship between exercise, heart, and cognition.[1,2] Dr. Jenna Taylor excellently summarized the intertwine between cardiovascular and brain health and how regular moderate and vigorous exercises positively impinge the cardiovascular-cognition connection.[1] The growing core of evidence supporting exercise as a promising tool to blunt cardiovascular risk factors, but also cognitive impairment, is exhaustively reviewed. However, while the benefits of regular moderate exercise are undoubted and convincingly supported by preclinical and clinical data, the consequences of long-term strenuous exercise are still uncertain. In fact, emerging evidence shows that the relationship between training load and cardiovascular and brain health is not linear (the more exercise, the more benefit), but rather U-shaped. In recent years, long-term strenuous exercise has shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly cardiac arrhythmias , in certain populations. Atrial fibrillation risk is heightened in male endurance athletes, exercise is central to the pathophysiology of the arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in some patients, and the (formerly considered) physiological athlete’s bradycardia could evolve into clinically relevant sinus node dysfunction.[3] Moreover, recent data also suggest aortic tunica media damage in heavily trained animals[4] and more intense coronary atherosclerosis in male master marathon runners.[5] Could these negative effects extend to the brain? The robustness of clinical trials assessing long-term exposures is jeopardized by confounding factors and the lack of control groups. Although caution is needed when translating the conclusions of animal work to humans, preclinical studies restrict confounding factors and enable a more precise comparison between exercise loads. In an animal model, we have recently shown that high-intensity exercise could not replicate many of the moderate exercise-induced benefits on cerebrovascular and connectivity efficiency enhancement, both underlying improved learning capacity.[6] These results suggest that the maximal benefit of exercise in brain health is obtained at moderate doses while very high loads yield limited effects, thereby supporting the existence of a “sweet spot” for exercise intensity and duration on cognition.[7] Clinical studies confirm this notion, including a large epidemiological trial in which former professional athletes (i.e., soccer players) had a higher risk of neurodegenerative disease than the general population.[8] The pathophysiology behind many of the deleterious effects of strenuous exercise is only partially understood. The reduced cerebral blood flow occurring in an animal model after long-term strenuous training[6] would link the unexpected cognitive effects to recently demonstrated exercise-induced vascular damage.[4,5] Each strenuous bout of exercise super","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical findings on associations between anxiety, depression, and congenital heart disease in adults – A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Hanin Abdullah, J. Beckmann, Caroline Andonian-Dierks","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm_2_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm_2_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70736471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A narrative review on mental stress and cardiovascular disease: Evidence, mechanisms, and potential interventions","authors":"S. Abohashem, Ahmad Gill, W. Aldosoky, MatthewB H. Ong, Tanveer Mir, Tawseef Dar","doi":"10.4103/2468-6476.374491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2468-6476.374491","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of implantable loop recorder in patients with cryptogenic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"KonstantinosA Gatzoulis, Kiriaki Mavromoustakou, Symeoni Katzouridi, Stergios Soulaidopoulos, Ioannis Doundoulakis, Achilleas Papadopoulos, Petros Arsenos, Skevos Sideris, Polychronis Dilaveris, Dimitris Tsiachris, Athanasios Kordalis, Konstantinos Tsioufis","doi":"10.4103/hm.hm-d-23-00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.hm-d-23-00030","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to provide data on implantable loop recorder (ILR)-based atrial fibrillation (AF) rates, recurrent stroke rates, and predictors of AF in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS) after 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up. Methods: We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Web of Science, and reference lists of retrieved reports, which were published by April 30, 2023, which was the date of our last search. We utilized random-effects meta-analysis for detection rates, and meta-regression analysis, t-test (for normally distributed variables), and Mann-Whitney (for skewed variables) for predictor factors. Results: Thirteen studies were analyzed, which included data from 3,377 patients with CS or embolic stroke of undetermined source. The ILR-based AF rates in patients with CS were 4.73% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.91–5.71) at 1 month, 13.45% (95% CI 12.19–14.81) at 6 months, 17.5% (95% CI 16.25–18.82) at 12 months, 20.69% (95% CI 19–22.49) at 24 months, and 25.98% (95% CI 23.21–28.58) at 36 months. Age and CHA2DS2-VASc score were positively associated with AF detection. Specifically, the mean difference of age and CHA2DS2-VASc score in the group with AF versus the group without AF was 7.47 (95% CI 4.58–10.36, P < 0.001) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.22–1.28, P = 0.01), respectively. Finally, AF detection was positively associated with recurrent strokes with an estimated risk ratio of 1.27 (95% CI 0.69–2.31). Conclusions: There is a correlation between AF detection rate and ILR monitoring duration. One out of eight patients was diagnosed with AF after 6 months of follow-up and about one quarter after 3 years. Our results demonstrate the critical use of ILRs, especially in older patients, and in patients with high CHA2DS2-VASc scores.","PeriodicalId":34653,"journal":{"name":"Heart and Mind","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135838564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}