Advances in Applied Energy最新文献_第5页

Transforming building retrofits: Linking energy, equity, and health insights from The World Avatar 改造建筑：从世界化身链接能源，公平和健康见解

IF 13

Advances in Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100230

Jiying Chen , Jiaru Bai , Jieyang Xu , Feroz Farazi , Sebastian Mosbach , Jethro Akroyd , Markus Kraft

{"title":"Transforming building retrofits: Linking energy, equity, and health insights from The World Avatar","authors":"Jiying Chen , Jiaru Bai , Jieyang Xu , Feroz Farazi , Sebastian Mosbach , Jethro Akroyd , Markus Kraft","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The upgrading of energy-inefficient buildings is a critical part of the energy transition. Holistic analyses that foster informed and equitable policy interventions require interoperable data. We apply a principled approach that leverages The World Avatar to create a virtual knowledge graph underpinned by machine-understandable data representations. This approach provides a common terminology to integrate heterogeneous data sources to support multi-scale analysis of building energy retrofit options. We consider a case study in the UK based on the holistic analysis of household-level energy performance data, public health statistics and socio-economic metrics across geographic hierarchies. The analysis identifies regions with critical retrofit necessities, revealing disparities between these imperatives and extant policy levers. Granular retrofit targets are proposed to optimise resource allocation to the most vulnerable areas. Bespoke retrofit strategies are developed for 14.4 million households in the UK, providing actionable insights to support the targeted application of ‘fabric-first’ or ‘system-led’ retrofit pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing flexibility in wind-powered hydrogen production systems through coordinated electrolyzer operation 通过协调电解槽操作，提高风力制氢系统的灵活性

IF 13.8

Advances in Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100228

Zhang Bai , Wenjie Hao , Qi Li , Rujing Yan , Bin Ding , Weiming Shao , Long Gao , Tieliu Jiang , Yongsheng Wang , Caifeng Wen

{"title":"Enhancing flexibility in wind-powered hydrogen production systems through coordinated electrolyzer operation","authors":"Zhang Bai , Wenjie Hao , Qi Li , Rujing Yan , Bin Ding , Weiming Shao , Long Gao , Tieliu Jiang , Yongsheng Wang , Caifeng Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind-powered water electrolysis for hydrogen production is a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy technology. However, the inherent intermittency and variability of wind power, significantly damage the stability and efficiency of the hydrogen production system. To enhance the operational flexibility and system efficiency, a novel wind-hydrogen production system is proposed, which integrates a new coordination of the conventional alkaline electrolyzers (AEL) and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMEL), for optimizing the dynamic operation of the system under fluctuating wind power. The developed approach employs variational mode decomposition to classify wind power fluctuations into different frequency components, which are then allocated to suitable type of electrolyzers. The configurations of the developed system are optimized using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, and the operating scenarios are dynamically analyzed through clustering techniques. Compared to the AEL-only system, the proposed system demonstrates significant enhancements, with energy efficiency and internal rate of return increased by 5.78 % and 10.65 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the coordinated operation extends the continuous operating time of the AEL by 7.08 %. The proposed approach enhances the economic viability and operational stability of wind-powered hydrogen production, providing a valuable reference for industrial green hydrogen applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A critical review of use cases and insights from a large dataset of smart thermostats 对智能恒温器大型数据集的用例和见解进行了批判性回顾

IF 13.8

Advances in Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100236

Han Li , William O’Brien , Vivian Loftness , Erica Cochran Hameen , Tianzhen Hong

{"title":"A critical review of use cases and insights from a large dataset of smart thermostats","authors":"Han Li , William O’Brien , Vivian Loftness , Erica Cochran Hameen , Tianzhen Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Residential buildings consume a significant portion (17 % in 2023) of the global primary energy. Smart thermostat has become a proven technology in the residential building sector that offers insights into energy efficiency, HVAC system operation, and indoor thermal comfort of occupants. Although there are an increasing number of studies using the available large scale smart thermostat dataset, there lacks a holistic review of the existing literature to understand what applications have been conducted and what outcomes have been offered. This paper reviews 57 articles published between January 2015 and March 2025 using the open access ecobee Donate Your Data (DYD) dataset, where >200,000 customers participated in the voluntary data donation program. Articles are analyzed by major application areas including occupant behavior and IEQ assessment, energy performance evaluation, HVAC operations and controls, and building thermal dynamics. Two major limitations of the DYD dataset are the lack of measured energy use of HVAC systems and the coarse city-level building location information and limits applications requiring energy use data and introduces errors in ignoring the urban microclimate effects influencing a home’s operation and performance. Gaps and challenges of using the ecobee thermostat dataset for research were analyzed. Future efforts should focus on improving data collection and fusing other datasets with the ecobee DYD dataset to unlock new applications and improve analytics accuracy. Furthermore, AI emerges as a powerful tool to help clean up, integrate, and analyze the thermostat dataset, create and calibrate energy models, as well as inferring residential building operation and performance at scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Net Zero without the gridlock through peer-to-peer coordinated flexibility 通过点对点协调灵活性实现零网络

IF 13

Advances in Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100231

Wei Gan , Yue Zhou , Jianzhong Wu , Philip C. Taylor

{"title":"Net Zero without the gridlock through peer-to-peer coordinated flexibility","authors":"Wei Gan , Yue Zhou , Jianzhong Wu , Philip C. Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the pursuit of Net Zero, the rapid adoption of electric vehicles, heat pumps, and distributed generation is placing unprecedented pressure on low-voltage electrical distribution networks. Can these networks adapt and evolve without facing gridlock? Our study proposes an innovative peer-to-peer coordinated flexibility strategy that has the potential to significantly transform the landscape. By aggregating individual flexibility through peer-to-peer coordination, this approach enhances local power balance, mitigates gridlock, and safeguards individual benefits. Through a novel large-scale network analysis method based on statistically similar networks, we have quantified the maximal potential of peer-to-peer coordinated flexibility in alleviating gridlock and deferring network expansion. Using real-world UK low-voltage electrical distribution network data and authoritative distributed energy resources roadmaps, our findings reveal that peer-to-peer coordinated flexibility can reduce peak power flows by up to 20 % and enable as much as 91 % of UK residential low-voltage electrical distribution networks to meet peak demand without gridlock by 2050, significantly reducing the need for network expansion. Furthermore, with the adoption of peer-to-peer coordinated flexibility, the network's peak is projected to occur between 2045–2050, postponing it by 8–10 years compared to scenarios without it. These results underscore the critical role of peer-to-peer coordinated flexibility and serve as a benchmark for the co-development of future grids and flexible resources when addressing associated implementation challenges such as technological infrastructure and consumer engagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Providing load flexibility by reshaping power profiles of large language model workloads 通过重塑大型语言模型工作负载的功率配置文件来提供负载灵活性

IF 13

Advances in Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100232

Yi Wang, Qinglai Guo, Min Chen

{"title":"Providing load flexibility by reshaping power profiles of large language model workloads","authors":"Yi Wang, Qinglai Guo, Min Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of large language models (LLM) has driven a significant increase of AI workload in data center power demand. Renewable-powered solutions to decarbonizing LLM workload and reducing electricity costs are faced with the combined volatility of stochastic user requests and renewable energy. The key to removing the barriers in sustainable AI development lies in the adjustable capability of LLM power profiles. Therefore, this paper focuses on exploring the potential load flexibility of LLM workload and proposes a coordinated scheduling framework, notably, without computing performance degradation. Driven by the existence of the energy-optimal core frequency for graphics processing units (GPU), the energy-performance decoupling phenomenon is discovered and proved, where collaborative scaling in GPU quantity and frequency can change power but not computing performance. Motivated by this, the framework slows down the fine-tuning cluster and utilizes idle GPU resources from the inference cluster to maintain the computing performance of fine-tuning tasks. Consequently, the power consumption of the total cluster is reduced, which provides a fresh source of load flexibility. Furthermore, the framework employs dynamic frequency scaling to more flexibly modify the power profile of the expanded fine-tuning cluster. The computing performance is particularly guaranteed through temporal coupling constraints. In a simulated study supported by real-world data, the results prove a 6.8% power-saving ability and 11.3% cost-saving gains on average.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of a novel separately-configured thermoelectric cooler: A pathway toward the building integrated thermoelectric air conditioning 一种新型分体式热电冷却器的研究：通往建筑一体化热电空调的途径

IF 13

Advances in Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100218

Haowen Liu , Limei Shen , Yunhai Li , Xudong Zhao , Guiqiang Li , Zeyu Liu , Hongxing Yang

{"title":"Investigation of a novel separately-configured thermoelectric cooler: A pathway toward the building integrated thermoelectric air conditioning","authors":"Haowen Liu , Limei Shen , Yunhai Li , Xudong Zhao , Guiqiang Li , Zeyu Liu , Hongxing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to structural limitations, the hot and cold sides of conventional thermoelectric coolers (TECs) are fully integrated, making it challenging to directly incorporate TECs into building facades or ceilings to utilize natural ventilation from the building exterior assisting cooling the hot junction. This constraint renders TECs unsuitable for direct application in building façade. To overcome these challenges, an innovative separately-configured thermoelectric cooler (SC-TEC) has been developed. This original design enables the direct integration of TECs into building façades for air conditioning while utilizing the outdoor environment as auxiliary cooling for the TEC's hot side, thereby enhancing overall system performance. Our preliminary study showed that, in a TECs-ceiling system, the novel SC-TEC achieves a 13 % higher cooling capacity compared to a traditional TEC-ceiling. The unit cooling output increased from 16.66 W/m² to 18.82 W/m². And the temperature profiles shows that the cooling capacity of the SC-TEC could be further enhanced with a higher-performance connecting material. Given its advantages, such as no moving parts, noiseless operation, and efficient heat transfer, the SC-TEC has potential to open up new research direction in the building-TEC sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of foresight horizons on energy system decarbonization pathways 展望视野对能源系统脱碳路径的影响

IF 13

Advances in Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100217

Rachel Maier , Johannes Behrens , Maximilian Hoffmann , Felix Kullmann , Jann M. Weinand , Detlef Stolten

{"title":"Impact of foresight horizons on energy system decarbonization pathways","authors":"Rachel Maier , Johannes Behrens , Maximilian Hoffmann , Felix Kullmann , Jann M. Weinand , Detlef Stolten","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy system optimization models often assume a perfect foresight of all defining future influences, assuming full knowledge of technological and socio-political developments over a long time horizon. In addition, many models impose annual emission reductions to prevent short-sighted decisions from deviating from these reduction paths. In this paper, we analyze different approaches to model foresight horizons and compare the influence of a perfect foresight approach with a rolling horizon and a purely myopic approach. For the first time, we explore the combination of incrementally increasing limited foresight horizons combined with a cumulative emission budget. Results from a case study of the German energy system indicate that the foresight horizon significantly affects the decarbonization trajectory. Short-sighted decisions that only consider the next five years even lead to infeasible pathways, failing the transition of the energy system by missing complying with the emission constraint. In contrast, long-sighted decision-making shows earlier investments in renewable energies and decarbonization, which can save billions of euros. Short-term cost-efficiency conflicts with long-term decarbonization goals, underscoring the importance of incorporating long-term perspectives into policy and decision-making, as well-defined decarbonization plans to achieve sustainable climate targets. This study underscores the importance of well-defined annual emissions targets and their achievement, highlighting the potential consequences of missing emissions targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physics-informed machine learning for building performance simulation-A review of a nascent field 基于物理的建筑性能模拟机器学习——一个新兴领域的回顾

IF 13

Advances in Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100223

Zixin Jiang , Xuezheng Wang , Han Li , Tianzhen Hong , Fengqi You , Ján Drgoňa , Draguna Vrabie , Bing Dong

{"title":"Physics-informed machine learning for building performance simulation-A review of a nascent field","authors":"Zixin Jiang , Xuezheng Wang , Han Li , Tianzhen Hong , Fengqi You , Ján Drgoňa , Draguna Vrabie , Bing Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building performance simulation (BPS) is critical for understanding building dynamics and behavior, analyzing the performance of the built environment, optimizing energy efficiency, improving demand flexibility, and enhancing building resilience. However, conducting BPS is not trivial. Traditional BPS relies on accurate building energy models, which are primarily physics-based and heavily dependent on detailed building information, expert knowledge, and case-by-case model calibrations, significantly limiting their scalability. With the development of sensing technology and the increased availability of data, there is growing attention and interest in data-driven BPS. However, purely data-driven models often suffer from limited generalization ability and a lack of physical consistency, resulting in poor performance in real-world applications. To address these limitations, recent studies have begun integrating physics priors into data-driven models, a methodology known as physics-informed machine learning (PIML). PIML is an emerging field where its definitions, methodologies, evaluation criteria, application scenarios, and future directions remain open. To bridge those gaps, this study systematically reviews the state-of-the-art PIML for BPS, offering a comprehensive definition of PIML and comparing it to traditional BPS approaches regarding data requirements, modeling effort, performance, and computational cost. We also summarize the commonly used methodologies, validation approaches, application domains, available data sources, open-source packages, and testbeds. In addition, this study provides a general guideline for selecting appropriate PIML models based on BPS applications. Finally, this study identifies key challenges and outlines future research directions, providing a solid foundation and valuable insights to advance R&D of PIML in BPS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI-empowered online control optimization for enhanced efficiency and robustness of building central cooling systems 人工智能支持的在线控制优化，提高了建筑中央冷却系统的效率和稳健性

IF 13

Advances in Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100220

Lingyun Xie , Kui Shan , Hong Tang , Shengwei Wang

{"title":"AI-empowered online control optimization for enhanced efficiency and robustness of building central cooling systems","authors":"Lingyun Xie , Kui Shan , Hong Tang , Shengwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adopting Artificial Intelligence for optimizing building system controls has gained significant attention due to the growing emphasis on building energy efficiency. However, substantial gaps remain between academic research and the practical implementation of AI-based algorithms. Key factors hindering implementation include computational efficiency requirements and concerns about reliability in online applications. This paper addresses these challenges by presenting AI-empowered online control optimization technologies designed for practical implementation. A simplified deep learning-enabled Genetic Algorithm is developed to accelerate optimization processes, ensuring optimization intervals are short enough for online applications. This algorithm also significantly reduces CPU and memory usage, enabling deployment on miniaturized control station for field implementation. To enhance stability and reliability, a robust assurance scheme is introduced, which switches to expert knowledge-based control under abnormal conditions. Hardware-in-the-loop tests validate the proposed strategy's computation efficiency, control performance and operational robustness using a physical smart station controlling a simulated real-time dynamic cooling system. Test results show that the optimal control strategy achieves 7.66 % energy savings and exhibits strong operational robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating coloured thermochromic windows for energy efficiency and visual comfort in buildings 评价建筑中彩色热致变色窗的能源效率和视觉舒适度

IF 13

Advances in Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100225

Dingming Liu, Yupeng Wu

{"title":"Evaluating coloured thermochromic windows for energy efficiency and visual comfort in buildings","authors":"Dingming Liu, Yupeng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, significant advancements have been made in thermochromic (TC) window technologies, particularly in vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>)-based TC glazing. Innovations such as integrating pigments with polyurethane (PU) composite coatings have enabled colour modulation and improved colorimetric properties. However, their effects on building energy performance and indoor luminance environment are both critical for occupant comfort, health, and broader energy efficiency goals have been underexplored. This study evaluates conventional and coloured TC windows (blue, red, and grey), fabricated with one to three VO<sub>2</sub> layers, focusing both on building energy consumption and daylight performance. TC windows were assessed under three window-to-wall ratios of 30%, 60%, and 90% across three climatic conditions: Changsha, Ankara, and New York. Five key criteria were evaluated: energy savings, daylight availability, glare control, daylight uniformity, and colour quality. A multi-objective analysis revealed that the conventional 2-layer TC (TC2), 3-layer TC (TC3), red 3-layer TC (Red-TC3), and grey 2-layer TC (Grey-TC2) consistently outperformed other variants. These windows achieved up to 14% higher annual energy savings and 5–15% greater daylight availability (UDI<sub>300-2000lux</sub>) compared to standard double-glazed (DG) windows. The results highlight the strong potential of coloured TC windows as climate-adaptive solutions for reducing building operational energy demand and enhancing indoor environmental quality, contributing to future energy transition and sustainable building practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0