Advances in Applied Energy最新文献

{"title":"Net Zero without the gridlock through peer-to-peer coordinated flexibility","authors":"Wei Gan ,&nbsp;Yue Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Wu ,&nbsp;Philip C. Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the pursuit of Net Zero, the rapid adoption of electric vehicles, heat pumps, and distributed generation is placing unprecedented pressure on low-voltage electrical distribution networks. Can these networks adapt and evolve without facing gridlock? Our study proposes an innovative peer-to-peer coordinated flexibility strategy that has the potential to significantly transform the landscape. By aggregating individual flexibility through peer-to-peer coordination, this approach enhances local power balance, mitigates gridlock, and safeguards individual benefits. Through a novel large-scale network analysis method based on statistically similar networks, we have quantified the maximal potential of peer-to-peer coordinated flexibility in alleviating gridlock and deferring network expansion. Using real-world UK low-voltage electrical distribution network data and authoritative distributed energy resources roadmaps, our findings reveal that peer-to-peer coordinated flexibility can reduce peak power flows by up to 20 % and enable as much as 91 % of UK residential low-voltage electrical distribution networks to meet peak demand without gridlock by 2050, significantly reducing the need for network expansion. Furthermore, with the adoption of peer-to-peer coordinated flexibility, the network's peak is projected to occur between 2045–2050, postponing it by 8–10 years compared to scenarios without it. These results underscore the critical role of peer-to-peer coordinated flexibility and serve as a benchmark for the co-development of future grids and flexible resources when addressing associated implementation challenges such as technological infrastructure and consumer engagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weather conditions severely impact optimal direct air capture siting","authors":"Henrik Wenzel ,&nbsp;Freia Harzendorf ,&nbsp;Kenneth Okosun ,&nbsp;Thomas Schöb ,&nbsp;Jann Michael Weinand ,&nbsp;Detlef Stolten","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct air capture (DAC) is rapidly gaining attention as a key technological approach to mitigating climate change. While techno-economic assessments increasingly incorporate DAC, they often overlook the influence of weather variability on both energy demand and plant productivity. In this study, we analyze how local weather patterns affect the two most promising DAC approaches: the solid sorbent and the liquid solvent processes. We reveal for a German case study, that the integration of DAC with renewable energy sources necessitates temporal and spatial considerations, as fluctuations in energy supply and demand can significantly impact operational feasibility. We demonstrate energy demand fluctuations of DAC exceeding 100 % over the course of a year and estimate future DAC costs in Germany in a range from 197 €/t_CO2 to 1035 €/t_CO2, depending on the region and technology. These results emphasize the need for detailed, site-specific assessments to ensure future cost-optimal DAC deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways to sustainable fuel design from a probabilistic deep learning perspective","authors":"Rodolfo S.M. Freitas ,&nbsp;Zhihao Xing ,&nbsp;Fernando A. Rochinha ,&nbsp;Roger F. Cracknell ,&nbsp;Daniel Mira ,&nbsp;Nader Karimi ,&nbsp;Xi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve net zero CO₂ emissions by 2050–2060, decarbonising the hard-to-abate sectors such as long-distance, heavy-duty transport is a top priority worldwide. These sectors are particularly challenging to decarbonise due to the use of high-energy-density liquid fossil fuels. In this context, designing low-carbon alternative fuels compatible with existing engines and fuel infrastructures is essential. This work presents an advanced fuel design framework to develop sustainable fuels that meet the high energy density requirements of heavy-duty vehicles. The fuel design approach is built upon a probabilistic perspective by considering a conditional generative model to predict the physicochemical properties of pure compounds and fuel blends with confidence bounds required for decision-making tasks. The probabilistic model is then integrated into an inverse design framework to design fuels with specific requirements. Finally, the fuel design framework is employed to develop new diesel fuel compositions according to the desired targets: ignition quality (cetane number) and sooting tendency (yielding sooting index). The AI-assisted fuel design approach can potentially lead to sustainable liquid fuels that are fully compatible with the existing utilisation equipment and can satisfy the requirements of different application sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential impact of controlled electric car charging and vehicle-to-grid on Germany’s future power system","authors":"Fabio Frank,&nbsp;Till Gnann,&nbsp;Daniel Speth,&nbsp;Bastian Weißenburger,&nbsp;Benjamin Lux","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing diffusion of electric vehicles contributes to a growing electricity demand in the coming years. At the same time, this integrates millions of mobile storage units into the electricity system, which has a rising need for flexibility to balance the intermittent generation from photovoltaic systems and wind turbines. To capture the potential of electric cars as a flexibility resource, we simulate 7,000 vehicle driving profiles in an agent-based model, generating load profiles as well as charging power and state-of-charge boundaries for the German car fleet, which serve as restrictions in energy system optimization. In a scenario-based study for Germany in 2030 and 2045, we compare the installed electric capacities in the optimized system, depending on whether electric vehicle charging is uncontrolled, controlled, or bidirectional. Here we show that a bidirectionally charged car fleet has the potential to replace 32 GW (84 %) of stationary battery storage and 31 GW (64 %) of hydrogen-fired peaking power plants, while enabling an additional solar power expansion of 7 GW (2 %) until 2045. Notably, implementing vehicle-to-grid can limit hydrogen-fired electricity generation to winter months and enable a shift toward combined heat and power plants. On the demand side, it can reduce the expansion of electrolyzers by 19 GW (28 %) and power-to-heat capacities by 25 GW (60 %). Overall, the integrated energy system can substantially benefit from the implementation of smart and especially bidirectional charging as it lowers the need for future capacity expansion in the electricity system but also in coupled hydrogen and heat systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100227"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating coloured thermochromic windows for energy efficiency and visual comfort in buildings","authors":"Dingming Liu,&nbsp;Yupeng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, significant advancements have been made in thermochromic (TC) window technologies, particularly in vanadium dioxide (VO₂)-based TC glazing. Innovations such as integrating pigments with polyurethane (PU) composite coatings have enabled colour modulation and improved colorimetric properties. However, their effects on building energy performance and indoor luminance environment are both critical for occupant comfort, health, and broader energy efficiency goals have been underexplored. This study evaluates conventional and coloured TC windows (blue, red, and grey), fabricated with one to three VO₂ layers, focusing both on building energy consumption and daylight performance. TC windows were assessed under three window-to-wall ratios of 30%, 60%, and 90% across three climatic conditions: Changsha, Ankara, and New York. Five key criteria were evaluated: energy savings, daylight availability, glare control, daylight uniformity, and colour quality. A multi-objective analysis revealed that the conventional 2-layer TC (TC2), 3-layer TC (TC3), red 3-layer TC (Red-TC3), and grey 2-layer TC (Grey-TC2) consistently outperformed other variants. These windows achieved up to 14% higher annual energy savings and 5–15% greater daylight availability (UDI_300-2000lux) compared to standard double-glazed (DG) windows. The results highlight the strong potential of coloured TC windows as climate-adaptive solutions for reducing building operational energy demand and enhancing indoor environmental quality, contributing to future energy transition and sustainable building practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing building energy efficiency with thermal mass optimization","authors":"Yichen Han,&nbsp;Zhengyu He,&nbsp;Shuangdui Wu,&nbsp;Yuqiu Liu,&nbsp;Yingkai Lian,&nbsp;Chaohong Wang,&nbsp;Jiajia Feng,&nbsp;Zhengnan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-density urban buildings contain substantial thermal mass, storing significant energy and offering notable potential for heating energy savings. However, effectively harnessing this energy remains challenging due to the spatiotemporal variability of heat storage–release behavior in building components, which often misaligns with building operational demands. This study reveals that thermal mass tends to store heat when it is not needed and release it when buildings do not require it, especially in cities where some buildings are only occupied during the day and others at night. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel thermal mass arrangement strategy, derived from extensive real-world data analysis. Significant variations in component thermal behavior across different operational schedules were first identified from data collected in 76 rooms. Subsequently, key factors influencing these variations were pinpointed using stepwise linear regression, informing optimization strategies developed through simulations. These strategies were then validated in cold regions using conduction transfer function models (error margin of 3.6 %), which confirmed their year-round effectiveness for both individual buildings with distinct occupancy patterns and groups of buildings. The results demonstrate that optimizing thermal mass arrangements tailored to specific building schedules can significantly enhance energy efficiency. Contrary to prior research advocating for the sole increase in thermal mass, this study indicates that without strategic guidelines, such measures may exacerbate thermal utilization inefficiencies, complementing existing research on thermal storage materials in buildings. Reducing excess heat storage is shown to be beneficial for daytime-use buildings, while nighttime-use buildings benefit from storing heat for evening use. Adjusting the quantity and orientation of thermal mass, alongside optimizing operational schedules, achieves 4–12 % energy savings, with greater benefits in high-solar-radiation areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrifying aviation: Innovations and challenges in airport electrification for sustainable flight","authors":"Martin Lindberg,&nbsp;Jennifer Leijon","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aviation sector is investigating opportunities to reduce pollution and to limit the dependence on fossil fuels. The design of new electric and hybrid aircraft requires airport developments to meet the need for charging. This review article provides an overview of recent developments and the latest research and innovation on electrification at and around airports. The paper describes technical innovations in electrified aviation, sustainable aviation fuels, and hydrogen, and the infrastructure needed at airports to meet the future electricity demand of electric aircraft charging. This study finds that plug-in charging of future electric aircraft will lead to elevated fluctuations in electric power demand at airports, while battery swapping has a more constant electricity demand. The review reveals a significant interest in energy storage and renewable energy systems to supply electricity and mitigate peak power at airports, suggesting high potential for batteries and solar power. Hydrogen for airport energy storage could support electric aircraft charging and be used as a fuel for hydrogen-powered aircraft. More research is needed regarding the optimal configuration of airport infrastructure to support electric aircraft development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global sensitivity analysis towards non-invasive parameterization of the electrochemical-thermal model for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Jue Chen ,&nbsp;Sven Patrick Mattus ,&nbsp;Wenjiong Cao ,&nbsp;Dirk Uwe Sauer ,&nbsp;Weihan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-fidelity electrochemical-thermal models are essential for performance improvement, charge/discharge strategy optimization, and the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries. However, model performance significantly relies on the accuracy of parameters, whose measurement is limited by laboratory conditions. Non-invasive methods based on relatively accessible current, voltage, and temperature data combined with artificial intelligence are promising for rapid parameterization of battery models. However, the model’s complexity and the data’s poor quality increase the difficulty of applying the methodology. To design a reasonable identification framework and obtain reliable data, the identifiability of model parameters must be analyzed under different operating conditions. This paper develops an identifiability analysis framework to investigate the impact of model parameters on voltage and temperature outputs and the impact of key operating variables, i.e., current rate and ambient temperature. By adjusting operating conditions, the sensitivity of specific parameters can be improved by two orders of magnitude. The results are discussed in detail concerning the model modeling mechanism and the physical meaning of the parameters, with a focus on improving non-invasive parameterization in terms of experimental design and identification strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-informed machine learning for building performance simulation-A review of a nascent field","authors":"Zixin Jiang ,&nbsp;Xuezheng Wang ,&nbsp;Han Li ,&nbsp;Tianzhen Hong ,&nbsp;Fengqi You ,&nbsp;Ján Drgoňa ,&nbsp;Draguna Vrabie ,&nbsp;Bing Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building performance simulation (BPS) is critical for understanding building dynamics and behavior, analyzing the performance of the built environment, optimizing energy efficiency, improving demand flexibility, and enhancing building resilience. However, conducting BPS is not trivial. Traditional BPS relies on accurate building energy models, which are primarily physics-based and heavily dependent on detailed building information, expert knowledge, and case-by-case model calibrations, significantly limiting their scalability. With the development of sensing technology and the increased availability of data, there is growing attention and interest in data-driven BPS. However, purely data-driven models often suffer from limited generalization ability and a lack of physical consistency, resulting in poor performance in real-world applications. To address these limitations, recent studies have begun integrating physics priors into data-driven models, a methodology known as physics-informed machine learning (PIML). PIML is an emerging field where its definitions, methodologies, evaluation criteria, application scenarios, and future directions remain open. To bridge those gaps, this study systematically reviews the state-of-the-art PIML for BPS, offering a comprehensive definition of PIML and comparing it to traditional BPS approaches regarding data requirements, modeling effort, performance, and computational cost. We also summarize the commonly used methodologies, validation approaches, application domains, available data sources, open-source packages, and testbeds. In addition, this study provides a general guideline for selecting appropriate PIML models based on BPS applications. Finally, this study identifies key challenges and outlines future research directions, providing a solid foundation and valuable insights to advance R&amp;D of PIML in BPS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current challenges in nano-engineered biomass valorization: A comprehensive review from the whole procedure of biomass fermentation perspective","authors":"Zi-Tong Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie Ding ,&nbsp;Geng Luo ,&nbsp;Bo-Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Han-Jun Sun ,&nbsp;Bing-Feng Liu ,&nbsp;Guang-Li Cao ,&nbsp;Mei-Yi Bao ,&nbsp;Nan-Qi Ren ,&nbsp;Ji-Wei Pang ,&nbsp;Shan-Shan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dark fermentation has been widely regarded and appraised as an efficient and green route for biohydrogen production. Lignocellulosic biomass is a readily available and abundant feedstock that could be used as a sustainable feedstock for biohydrogen generation. However, low yield of biohydrogen is an inherent issue of the bioprocess restricting its further development towards commercial margins. Recently, the supplement of nano-additives has aroused more attention as a process improvement strategy because of their ability to accelerate process performance and their strengths of low energy consumption and easy operation. Nevertheless, the utilization of nanomaterials for biomass fermentation is still in its infancy. Here we review and evaluate the feasibility of nanotechnology in each procedure of biomass to biohydrogen to improve the economic feasibility of the process. Numerous aspects such as the possibility of utilizing nanomaterials as an alternative to chemical pretreatment techniques have been highlighted in this review. Additionally, the effect of these nanostructured materials (e.g., metal-based nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and graphene-based nanomaterials) on biohydrogen fermentation and the potential functional mechanisms were also analyzed in detail. Moreover, the assessment on how the immobilized nanoparticles affect enzymatic efficiency and how well they can block inhibitory chemicals were elaborated. Further, the sustainability of biomass fermentation was assessed in terms of science economics as well as carbon neutrality to improve the overall benefits of the process. Finally, the review suggests ways in which the nano-engineered bioprocesses might be improved, as well as suggested avenues for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34615,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Applied Energy","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}