Electrifying aviation: Innovations and challenges in airport electrification for sustainable flight

Abstract

The aviation sector is investigating opportunities to reduce pollution and to limit the dependence on fossil fuels. The design of new electric and hybrid aircraft requires airport developments to meet the need for charging. This review article provides an overview of recent developments and the latest research and innovation on electrification at and around airports. The paper describes technical innovations in electrified aviation, sustainable aviation fuels, and hydrogen, and the infrastructure needed at airports to meet the future electricity demand of electric aircraft charging. This study finds that plug-in charging of future electric aircraft will lead to elevated fluctuations in electric power demand at airports, while battery swapping has a more constant electricity demand. The review reveals a significant interest in energy storage and renewable energy systems to supply electricity and mitigate peak power at airports, suggesting high potential for batteries and solar power. Hydrogen for airport energy storage could support electric aircraft charging and be used as a fuel for hydrogen-powered aircraft. More research is needed regarding the optimal configuration of airport infrastructure to support electric aircraft development.