Muthanna J. Ahmed , Ioannis Anastopoulos , Fatma Marrakchi , Ioannis D. Manariotis
{"title":"Recent progress on carbonaceous materials and their composites as adsorbents for phenolic pollutants: A review","authors":"Muthanna J. Ahmed , Ioannis Anastopoulos , Fatma Marrakchi , Ioannis D. Manariotis","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenolic compounds are recognized as priority pollutants of severe effect on the environment and public health owing to their low biodegradability, high toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation potential. Several studies have shown that adsorption based on carbonaceous materials and their composites is an efficient technique for the remediation of these pollutants. This review extensively addresses the recent advances in preparation, characterization, and application of the abovementioned adsorbents against a variety of phenolic pollutants. The carbonaceous materials, including activated carbon, biochar, and carbon nanotubes, as well as their composites with magnetics, clays, chitosan, zeolites, etc., exhibited favorable properties in terms of porosity and functionality. Activated carbon was the most frequently used adsorbent, with a higher performance against phenolic pollutants relative to biochar and carbon nanotubes. Moreover, carbonaceous material composites mostly showed higher adsorption performance than their raw forms. Phenol and its derivatives, such as p-nitrophenol, p-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, p-cresol or p-methylphenol, and resorcinol or 3-hydroxyphenol, were the most widely tested pollutants. The results of isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic, mechanism, and regeneration studies were discussed. Pseudo-second order and Langmuir/Freundlich equations well represented most of the adsorption data. The dependence of adsorbent performance on pH, adsorbent dose, temperature, contact time, and inlet pollutant amount was also considered. Important findings, limitations, and future ideas are finally displayed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107629"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Valorization of pistachio shell biomass into potassium- and fluorine-doped porous carbon through pyrolysis for supercapacitor applications","authors":"Yavuz Yardım , Cafer Saka","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, pistachio shell biomass was valorized into a high-performance porous carbon material through controlled pyrolysis followed by KOH chemical activation and subsequent potassium/fluorine (K/F) modification. The influence of dual K/F doping on the structural evolution, surface chemistry, and electrochemical behavior of pistachio shell-derived activated carbon (PSAC) was systematically investigated. XRD and Raman analyses revealed partial graphitization accompanied by increased defect density after K/F incorporation, as evidenced by the appearance of a broadened (002) diffraction peak at ∼26° in the XRD pattern and an increased Raman <em>I</em>D/<em>IG</em> ratio compared to pristine PSAC, while FTIR and XPS confirmed significant modification of surface functional groups and successful introduction of K, F, and oxygen-containing species. Textural characterization demonstrated that K/F doping induced pore widening and the development of a hierarchical pore structure, with a decrease in BET surface area from 483 to 383 m² g⁻¹ accompanied by a substantial increase in average pore radius from 1.65 to 3.94 nm. Electron microscopy analyses showed that K/F modification resulted in rougher, more heterogeneous surfaces and a more uniform layered morphology at the nanoscale. Electrochemical evaluation in aqueous electrolytes revealed that K/F-doped PSAC exhibited significantly enhanced charge-transfer kinetics, lower interfacial resistance, and improved ion diffusion compared to pristine PSAC. The modified electrode delivered a high specific capacitance of 188 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ and maintained excellent rate capability and cycling stability, retaining 88.2 % of its initial capacitance after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles. Kinetic analysis indicated that K/F doping strengthened diffusion-controlled charge storage without shifting the mechanism toward purely capacitive behavior. The results demonstrate that dual K/F modification effectively tailors the pyrolysis-derived carbon framework and surface chemistry, offering valuable insights into the design of biomass-derived carbons for advanced electrochemical energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107634"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weizhuo Guan , Shunan Ren , Ran Chen , Zejun Luo , Yuqing Sun , Xiefei Zhu
{"title":"Upgraded medical waste recycling via magnetic catalyst combined with biomass pyrolysis: Thermal decomposition, product evolution, and sequential temperature-dependent responses","authors":"Weizhuo Guan , Shunan Ren , Ran Chen , Zejun Luo , Yuqing Sun , Xiefei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve high-value utilization of medical waste and the net-zero target, introducing green and renewable biomass to upgrade medical waste via pyrolysis is considered a highly promising solution. This study achieves pyrolytic upgrading of medical waste syringes by incorporating walnut shells and rice husks, while the addition of the magnetic catalyst Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-NiO further promoted its efficient conversion. The addition of biomass enhanced the yield of volatile products and aromatic hydrocarbon. At the same time, the formation of pyrolytic char and CO<sub>2</sub> was suppressed. The char yield was reduced from the theoretical value of 23 % to the actual value of 15 %. Moreover, the peak temperature corresponding to the pyrolysis of discarded syringes decreased from 484 °C to 447 °C. The addition of the catalyst not only further effectively reduced the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration but also promoted the formation of light, high-value components. This study confirms the technical feasibility of using biomass to co-process plastic medical waste, offering a novel technical approach to tackling complex medical solid waste pollution issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107636"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Longkun Sui , Bo Tan , Tianze Li , Zhenrong Li , Liyang Gao , Yunfei Zuo , Jun Zhou , Ye Xue
{"title":"Research on macroscopic gas thermal characteristics and graded early warning method of biomass coupled with low-temperature oxidation of coal","authors":"Longkun Sui , Bo Tan , Tianze Li , Zhenrong Li , Liyang Gao , Yunfei Zuo , Jun Zhou , Ye Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The co-combustion of biomass and coal is recognized as an efficient and readily scalable approach to reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the coal-fired power sector. However, during storage and transportation, the low-temperature oxidation behavior of both materials may induce spontaneous combustion, posing significant safety hazards. To elucidate the low-temperature oxidation characteristics of biomass coupled with coal and establish a hierarchical early-warning method, this study employs systematic investigations using thermogravimetric analysis, thermal analysis kinetics, and programmed temperature experiments. Results indicate that biomass blending lowers the characteristic temperature of samples and increases mass loss rates. The presence of alkali metal ions significantly reduces the activation energy of oxidation reactions, accelerating coal oxidation. Kinetic analysis reveals that both activation energy and pre-exponential factor increase overall as biomass content decreases, indicating the blending ratio regulates the reaction energy barrier. Programmed temperature experiments further revealed that as the biomass proportion increases, the generation of typical indicator gases such as CO and CO<sub>2</sub> in the low-temperature oxidation process of biomass-coupled coal exhibits exponential growth. The release temperature occurs significantly earlier than that of raw coal, and the release rate intensifies. Based on this, key gas indicators were optimized to establish a three-tiered early warning system, Level I, II, and III, for biomass-coupled coal fuels. This system effectively characterizes the thermal evolution process and risk level of the mixed system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107559"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianglong Li , Jie Wu , Yunchao Li , Ao Song , Jiafeng Fan , Guangxue Zhang
{"title":"A novel alkali fusion approach to convert coal gangue into silk-like zeolite and hierarchical porous carbon for CO₂ capture and energy harvesting","authors":"Jianglong Li , Jie Wu , Yunchao Li , Ao Song , Jiafeng Fan , Guangxue Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to achieve the efficient and value-added use of coal gangue, this work proposes a novel \"alkali fusion–dissolution–separation\" strategy to fractionate coal gangue into inorganic and organic components. The inorganic component is converted into silk-like zeolitic (SLZ) material for CO₂ capture, while the organic phase is transformed into hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) for energy storage and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The SLZ exhibits a CO₂ adsorption capacity of 2.33 mmol g⁻¹, with adsorption following the Freundlich model, indicating multilayer chemisorption driven by Na⁺ complexation and CO₂ hydration. HPC, with a specific surface area of 563.1 m² g⁻¹ and 96.2 % microporosity, demonstrates a capacitance of 117 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹, with 97.5 % arising from pseudocapacitance. The HPC-based TENG generates a peak voltage of 411 V and a short-circuit current of 4.96 μA under 45 N force at 5 Hz. This work provides a novel strategy for converting coal gangue into value-added functional materials to promote its sustainable use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107620"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Huang , Weijie Song , Gui Wang , Kui Shi , Tongqi Li , Huafeng Quan , Yuefeng Zhang , Jinshui Liu , Chong Ye
{"title":"Mesophase transformation of petroleum pitch in the confined space","authors":"Dong Huang , Weijie Song , Gui Wang , Kui Shi , Tongqi Li , Huafeng Quan , Yuefeng Zhang , Jinshui Liu , Chong Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesophase transformation of pitch occurs prior to carbonization and critically influences the microstructure and properties of the resulting carbon. However, most studies focus on open systems, and the behavior and mechanism of mesophase transformation under confinement remain poorly understood. In this study, the mesophase transformation of petroleum pitch was investigated using different graphite microcolumns to simulate confined spaces of fiber preforms with controlled surface and geometric characteristics. The results indicate that active sites on confined space surfaces capture pitch molecules and promote their ordered stacking, thereby accelerating mesophase transformation. Meanwhile, increasing surface defect density further enhances this confinement-induced promotion. The geometric factor (S/V) of the confined space critically influences the transformation efficiency. When the S/V ratio increases from 0.015 mm<sup>−1</sup> to 0.064 mm<sup>−1</sup>, the mesophase transformation rate of isotropic pitch sharply rises from 19 % to 100 % within 2 h. These findings offer both theoretical insight and practical guidance for controlling mesophase transformation to improve the performance of high-thermal-conductivity carbon/carbon composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107625"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donghai Hu , Meijie Du , Guoqiang Cao , Jiantao Zhao , Jiejie Huang , Chunyu Li , Yitian Fang
{"title":"Effect of pyrolysis conditions induced char structure transformation on hydrogasification process","authors":"Donghai Hu , Meijie Du , Guoqiang Cao , Jiantao Zhao , Jiejie Huang , Chunyu Li , Yitian Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a promising route for coal to synthetic natural gas (SNG) conversion, hydrogasification enables direct methane production with high thermodynamic efficiency. The strategic design of char properties through controlled pyrolysis represents a crucial pathway for optimizing coal hydrogasification processes. This work systematically examines how pyrolysis temperature (600–900 °C), pressure (0.1–4 MPa), and atmosphere (N₂ vs. H₂/N₂) collectively engineer the carbon structure of Zhundong coal chars and govern their performance in subsequent hydrogasification process. The result reveals that H<sub>2</sub> actively participates in the pyrolysis stage, enhancing devolatilization and direct CH<sub>4</sub>, C2 and tar formation, and fundamentally restructuring the carbon matrix. At 800 °C, the <em>I</em><sub>G</sub><em>/I</em><sub>ALL</sub> value of the hydrogenated pyrolysis char is 0.16, which is 15.8 % lower than that of the N<sub>2</sub>-pyrolyzed char, indicating a more defective carbon structure. This structural modification results in a carbon framework enriched with active sites, thereby facilitating the subsequent hydrogasification process. Additionally, increasing pressure significantly affects the gasification reactivity of hydrogenated pyrolysis char, which attributed to the high graphitization of the produced carbon. During long-term hydrogasification, these structurally tailored chars also exhibit a superior and sustained CH<sub>4</sub> production, attributed to their enhanced active site and developed pore network that alleviates diffusion limitations. Importantly, a coherent reaction route linking pyrolysis conditions to char structural properties and gasification performance was established, providing fundamental insights for optimizing the two-stage coal-to-SNG process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107643"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chenyu Yang, Feiyu Zou, Yishao Ma, Haoxi Ben, Zhaoying Li, Yan He
{"title":"5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) generation from hydrothermal liquefaction of algal modeling compound: A comprehensive investigation on the experimental exploration and formation mechanism","authors":"Chenyu Yang, Feiyu Zou, Yishao Ma, Haoxi Ben, Zhaoying Li, Yan He","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reaction mechanism for the selective conversion of algal polysaccharides into platform chemicals such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) during hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) remains unclear, which hinders process optimization. To address this issue, this study selected <span>L</span>-rhamnose, <span>D</span>-glucuronic acid, and <span>D</span>-glucose as model compounds. An integrated approach combining microwave-assisted HTL experiments, deuterium isotope tracing, and quantum chemical calculations was employed to investigate the reaction mechanism. In the microwave-assisted glucose HTL experiment, a relative HMF yield exceeding 90 % was achieved. Under optimal conditions of 190 °C for 30 min, the relative content of HMF reached 96.3 %. When the reaction temperature was further increased or the reaction time prolonged, secondary conversion of HMF to furfural (FF) was initiated. Deuterium tracing experiments using GC-MS and <sup>1</sup>H NMR confirmed that hydrogen atoms on hydroxyl-bearing carbons in HMF preferentially undergo deuterium exchange, indicating site-specific dehydration in carbohydrate conversion. Based on density functional theory calculations, four formation pathways for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and two formation pathways for furfural were proposed, and their thermodynamic parameters were systematically evaluated. Pathway 4 for HMF and Pathway 6 for FF were identified as the most favorable due to their lower energy barriers and advantageous thermodynamic properties. This study clarifies the bond cleavage preferences and reaction network mechanisms of algal-specific carbohydrates under HTL conditions. The findings provide important theoretical insights for optimizing algal HTL parameters and establish a basis for understanding selective regulation in carbohydrate thermochemical conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107648"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junhao Lin , Yanxi Liu , Jiashan Chen , Yanan You , Mingxing Chen , Wei Zhang , Xu Kang , Xue Xu , Jiyun Xu , Biyu Zhang , Shichang Sun
{"title":"Microwave-driven spinel nucleation mechanisms for multi-heavy metals stabilization in co-pyrolysis of electroplating sludge and red mud","authors":"Junhao Lin , Yanxi Liu , Jiashan Chen , Yanan You , Mingxing Chen , Wei Zhang , Xu Kang , Xue Xu , Jiyun Xu , Biyu Zhang , Shichang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coexistence of mobile Zn, Ni, Cu and Cr in electroplating sludge necessitates innovative stabilization approaches for safe resource recovery. This study develops a microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis process using red mud as synergistic reactant, achieving higher immobilization ratio (>90 %) for multi-heavy metals (HMs) through spinel phase transformation. According to the risk assessment criteria, the HMs in the stabilized products could reduce from “high risk” to “low risk”. The iron oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) in red mud selectively facilitated the formation of spinel structures through high-temperature solid-phase reactions with Zn, Ni and Cu, where lattice confinement effects substantially inhibited HMs leaching. Notably, there was a competitive relationship among the immobilization of HMs due to differences in the Gibbs free energy of the reactions (ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> > NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> > CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>). Comparative experiments using simulated substances revealed that microwave pyrolysis was more favorable for the formation of spinel structures. Microwave irradiation generates localized thermal gradients that enhanced faster spinel nucleation than conventional heating in a shorter time. This study reveals the mechanisms of the reaction between HMs and metal oxides to form spinels during microwave pyrolysis, providing new insights into the resource utilization of industrial solid wastes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107626"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziwen Gu , Huafeng Quan , Dong Huang , Xiang Chen , Hua Liu , Kui Shi , Zhen Fan , Jinshui Liu , Chong Ye
{"title":"Temperature-dependent composition and microstructure evolution of SiCN ceramics for enhanced microwave absorption","authors":"Ziwen Gu , Huafeng Quan , Dong Huang , Xiang Chen , Hua Liu , Kui Shi , Zhen Fan , Jinshui Liu , Chong Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer-derived SiCN ceramics (PDCs-SiCN) have emerged as promising high-temperature microwave-absorbing materials due to their excellent high-temperature resistance and tunable dielectric properties. A fundamental understanding of the correlations among pyrolysis processes, compositional/structural evolution, and dielectric properties is essential for precise regulation of their microwave absorption performance. This study investigates the pyrolysis behavior of polysilazane and employs controlled annealing treatments to modulate the crystallization state and compositional structure of PDCs-SiCN. The results indicate that the formation of the Si-C-N network during pyrolysis stems from the generation and cross-linking of Si<sub>4</sub>C and SiN<sub>4</sub> macromolecules, whereas the polymerization and growth of carbon-containing side chains form the free carbon phase. The separation and crystallization of these two phases at high temperatures significantly affect the dielectric properties. The abundant heterogeneous interfaces in SiCN<sub>1500–1400</sub> notably enhance interfacial polarization, yielding remarkable microwave absorption with a minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of −54.25 dB in the mid-frequency range, and maintaining good absorption properties after 30 min of high-temperature oxidation at 1000°C. In contrast, SiCN<sub>1500–1500</sub>, characterized by substantial SiC content, enhances dipole polarization, exhibiting excellent high-frequency microwave absorption with an RL<sub>min</sub> of −20.27 dB. This work broadens the technical foundation for developing lightweight, high-temperature, wideband microwave absorbing components in high-speed aerospace vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107612"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}