Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献

{"title":"Characterizing potassium-assisted lignocellulose pyrolysis process based on the multi-parallel compensation-simplified distributed activated energy model (CS-DAEM)","authors":"Shan Cao ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Ziyue Tang ,&nbsp;Yingquan Chen ,&nbsp;Mingwei Xia ,&nbsp;Haiping Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Xu Chen ,&nbsp;Hanping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potassium-assisted biomass pyrolysis is highly efficient for product poly-generation and upgrading. In this study, kinetics modeling of over-saturated potassium (K₂CO₃)-assisted lignocellulose pyrolysis process was carried out by using the modified Friedman-based master plot (MF-MP) method combined with multiple-parallel compensation-simplified distributed activation energy model (CS-DAEM). The effects of K₂CO₃ dosage on the lignocellulose pyrolysis process were also studied. MF-MP results show that all the K₂CO₃-assisted pyrolysis processes of cellulose, xylan, and lignin obey the Avrami-Erofeev (Am) nucleation mechanism, where potassium slightly decreases the activation energies. The potassium-assisted pyrolysis process of typical lignocellulose (bamboo) also obeys the Am mechanism, and 3G-Am-CS-DAEM modeling of the processes achieves R² &gt; 0.999. By fixing the pre-exponential factor, the compensation effect was simplified. Based on modeling results, the activation energy decreases as potassium dosage increases from 0.01 mmol/g to 10 mmol/g. This study provides an effective kinetics approach to characterize the potassium-assisted biomass pyrolysis process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107167"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of the effect of aluminum oleate in CO2 and N2 environments on the aquathermolysis of heavy oil","authors":"Yasser I.I. Abdelsalam ,&nbsp;Elena A. Emelyanycheva ,&nbsp;Lilia Kh. Galiakhmetova ,&nbsp;Gadel F. Baimukhametov ,&nbsp;Sergey A. Sitnov ,&nbsp;Alexey V. Vakhin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oil-soluble catalysts present promising methods to enhance the efficiency of heavy oil extraction and processing. This study synthesized and characterized an oil-soluble aluminum oleate catalyst and conducted a comparative analysis of its catalytic efficiency in CO₂ and N₂ atmospheres for heavy oil processing via aquathermolysis at 300 °C for 24 hours. The results indicated that the reaction system in a CO₂ atmosphere exhibited, achieving a more substantial reduction in viscosity and asphaltene content compared to the N₂ atmosphere. The upgrading process also improved the H/C ratio and reduced sulfur content, highlighting the effectiveness of aromatization and desulfurization reactions. Infrared spectral analysis data revealed an increase in the (C<img>C/CH₃+CH₂) ratio and a decrease in the (CH₂/C<img>C) and (RSO₃H/C<img>C) ratios compared to heavy oil. These findings open new avenues for developing heavy oil processing technologies using aquathermolysis in the presence of aluminum oleate, significantly enhancing the efficiency of the upgrading process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107151"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-assisted catalytic hydrogenolysis of coal-based aromatic ethers over Pt/CB catalyst with H4SiW12O40","authors":"Zan Huang ,&nbsp;Xiao Chen ,&nbsp;Huaming Wang ,&nbsp;Chengjie Xu ,&nbsp;Zhen-Yi Du ,&nbsp;Changhai Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrogenolysis is one of the most promising approaches for the depolymerization and non-fuel utilization of coal into value-added chemicals. In this study, a new and effective method for the hydrogenolysis of C-O bonds in coal-derived compounds by microwave-assisted catalysis over the Pt/CB catalyst with H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀ has been developed. This synergistic catalyst system, coupled with a high-permittivity polar solvent (1,4-butyrolactone), enhances the microwave-assisted hydrogenolysis of the C-O bonds in the coal-derived platform molecule (benzyl phenyl ether). Following optimization of the reaction conditions under 300 W for 10 min, the Pt/CB catalyst with H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀ presents a highly efficient with benzyl phenyl ether conversion of 99.9 %. The findings from isotope tracing elucidate that microwave enhancement promotes hydrogen spillover and the protonation of C-O bonds in benzyl phenyl ether. Through free radical reactions, the hydrogenolysis of C-O bonds is markedly accelerated, culminating in the synthesis of benzene and phenol. In addition, this microwave-assisted catalytic strategy is applied to the hydrogenolysis of other coal-based aromatic ethers and Naomaohu coal, possible providing new opportunities for producing value-added aromatics from coal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107157"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the sewage sludge derived biochar and evaluation of its effect on growth of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.]","authors":"Rajpal Choudhary ,&nbsp;Aman Verma ,&nbsp;Abhishek Sharma ,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Rohit Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sewage sludge management remains a pressing environmental concern due to heavy metals and pathogens that limit its direct agricultural application. This study investigates the production of biochar from sewage sludge through pyrolysis under varying thermal conditions (300°C, 500°C, and 700°C for 1–3 h) and evaluates its effectiveness as a soil amendment. Biochars were characterized for physicochemical properties, functional groups, morphology, crystallinity, and BCR heavy metal fractionation. Elevated pyrolysis temperature and extended residence time increased pH (6.2–9.8), water holding capacity (WHC: 26.5–55.6 %), and total ash content, while reducing volatile matter (VM: 30.1–6.0 %) and fixed carbon (FC: 18.1–3.7 %), indicating greater thermal stability. Further facilitated the formation of C–H and C<img>C bonds, along with deformation of C–O (carboxyl, ester) functional groups. Among nine treatment regimes, the 500°C treatment for 2 h (5T2H) was identified as optimal, with a yield of 65.4 %, pH 8.2, WHC 54.5 %, FC 14 %, and low VM (15.9 %). Ecological risk assessment showed a substantial global ecological risk (GER) reduction from 411 (high risk, raw sludge) to 245.9 (moderate risk, 5T2H). The 5T2H biochar was applied to soil at 5–50 % (w/w) and its effect on the growth and developemnt of <em>Brassica juncea</em> was evaluated. Significant improvements were observed in soil pH (7.1→7.7), WHC (22.9→38.4 %), and plant metrics, including germination (97 %), shoot length (6.4 cm), root length (6.6 cm), dry biomass (8.3 g), and chlorophyll content (8.5 mg/g FW). This study integrates pyrolysis optimization, metal speciation, and plant performance assessment, offering a comprehensive approach for transforming sewage sludge into an effective and low-risk soil amendment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107164"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High density polyethylene thermal pyrolysis: Kinetic and volatilization modeling","authors":"Laura Pires Costa ,&nbsp;Oğuzhan Akin ,&nbsp;Julián García Cárdenas ,&nbsp;Robin John Varghese ,&nbsp;Istvan Lengyel ,&nbsp;Amanda Lemette T. Brandão ,&nbsp;José Carlos Pinto ,&nbsp;Kevin M. Van Geem","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-density polyethylene (HDPE), one of the most widely used plastics, holds immense potential for chemical recycling. However, accurately capturing its complex degradation behavior remains a key challenge. In this study, we introduce a novel methodology that integrates kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations, accounting for both melt-phase and gas-phase kinetics at a fundamental level, with vapor-liquid equilibrium models based on Peng-Robinson and PC-SAFT equations of state. This integrated framework captures the intricate dynamics of HDPE pyrolysis and enables detailed product characterization. The study’s predictions were validated through micro-pyrolyzer experiments at 550, 600, and 650 °C, using cutting-edge two-dimensional gas chromatography (2D-GC). Conversion profiles were validated using time-resolved experiments conducted at 450 and 500 °C. We also explore how pressure affects the product distribution, how reaction rates differ between the gas and melt phases, and the pivotal role of gas residence time. This innovative approach deepens our understanding of HDPE degradation and lays the groundwork for more efficient and scalable recycling technologies, bringing us closer to a sustainable future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 107168"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of the fate and transformation of heavy metals during pyrolysis process via data-mining the literature and machine learning","authors":"Likun Zhan ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Zou ,&nbsp;Li Ma ,&nbsp;Qingdan Wu ,&nbsp;Jie Xiong ,&nbsp;Longcheng Li ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wei ,&nbsp;Zhihua Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis is attracting increasing attention as a promising waste disposal technology. However, the major challenge for the safe application of biomass pyrolysis products is the presence of heavy metals (HMs) in some biomass. This global meta-analysis was performed by compiling 21029 individual data points from 146 published articles. It elucidated the effects of pyrolysis temperature, feedstock characteristics on the migrations and transformations of HMs during pyrolysis process. Results showed the remaining ratios of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cr were decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature, whereas increased with higher ash content in feedstock, indicating opposite effects of these parameters. The F1 and F2 of Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, As and Ni were predominantly concentrated within 0–10 % at 600°C pyrolysis temperature, especially for As, Cd and Pb which were near zero. The proportions of the F3 fractions for Cd, Zn, and Ni increased first and then decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature, attaining maximum values at 605.11°C, 513.39°C and 473.58°C, respectively. The remaining ratios of Cd, Pb and Zn were decreased with increasing C, H, O content in biomass. Ash content in biomass exhibited positive correlations with the proportion of Cd_F4, Pb_F4, Cr_F4 and Ni_F3 and negative correlations with Cd_F2, Pb_F2, Pb_F3, Zn_F1 and Mn_F1. S content exhibited positive correlations with Mn_F2 and Cd_F4 and negative correlations with Pb_F3, Ni_F4, Cd_F2, and Zn_F4. Random forest model identified pyrolysis temperature played dominant roles in the change of chemical speciation of HMs, followed by S and ash content in biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107169"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the selectivity of renewable phenol from catalytic pyrolysis of biomass via activated carbon catalyst","authors":"Yinhai Su ,&nbsp;Yunwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuping Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanquan Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to incomplete hydrodeoxygenation, common biofuels, for examples alcohol-ether oxygenated fuels, is prone to oxidation in air and deviates its combustion efficiency and emissions profile. Phenolic antioxidants can substantially raise the oxidative stability of biofuels via the tapping of peroxy radicals. Activated carbon (AC) emerges as efficient catalysts for selective phenol production, even without any surface modification or metals loading. However, it’s still difficult to detect solo contributions of pore channel and native active sites in AC catalysts during reactions, due to their evolution are coupled when preparation. Herein, an ingenious experiment was designed to decouple their contributions via the comparison of three representative AC catalysts, where K-AC and Z-AC possess parallel pore size distribution (average pore size of 1.896 nm vs. 1.837 nm), while Z-AC and P-AC possess parallel acidic active sites. Results tend to the truth that phenol selectivity seems mainly dependent on active sites, where the acidic active site is more efficient than the basic, while little relevant with acidity strength. P-AC and Z-AC showed similar phenol selectivity (67.24 % vs. 65.52 %). Additionally, pore size distribution that performed the role of “shape-selective catalysis” seems mainly contribute to phenol yield, rather than phenol selectivity. So that, the phenol yield in P-AC is almost one-sixth more than Z-AC. Overall, this study provides a promising approach to interpret the mechanism of ACs in catalysis or other high value applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107166"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the mechanism of the characteristics of biochar changed by tobacco stalk macromolecules volatile-char interaction","authors":"Boyi Qian ,&nbsp;Qianshi Song ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohan Wang ,&nbsp;Yaoming Xue ,&nbsp;Yue Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tar and char, as products of the pyrolysis process, do not separate during the reaction in the gasifier. Char particles are continually surrounded by volatiles, and the interaction between volatile-char in the bed layer causes changes in the physicochemical structure of the char. Based on this, a dual-stage connected system was used in a self-constructed solid fuel thermal conversion experimental setup, with demineralized tobacco stalks as the sample. The interlayer interaction between volatile-char at different pyrolysis temperatures were studied, and the effects of these interactions on char were comprehensively analyzed in terms of char gasification reactivity and macromolecular volatile composition. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicate that the deposition of volatiles on the char surface reduces the char's gasification reactivity, leading to an increase in the activation energy required for the gasification reaction. The composition of the tar obtained from the pyrolysis of demineralized tobacco stalks was determined, and it was found to primarily consist of monoaromatic compounds, oxygenated compounds, nitrogenated compounds, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. As the pyrolysis temperature increases, the proportion of monoaromatic compounds rises, while the content of oxygenated compounds decreases. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons begin to appear at 600 ℃ and at this temperature, tar molecules further crack or undergo secondary reactions. The interaction has altered the pore structure of the char, leading to a reduction in its active specific surface area from 62.27 m²/g to 33.91 m²/g, while the total pore volume and micro-pore volume have decreased by 33.84 % and 44.26 %, respectively. These interactions involve the transfer of electron pairs from the more stable chemical bonds in the char to the structure of the tar, leading to bond cleavage, the formation of free radicals, and subsequent reactions with the functional groups on the char surface. During this process, the degree of graphitization of the char increases, and the content of oxygen-containing functional groups decreases from 24.19 % to 22.01 %, 21.37 %, and 19.05 %. Oxygen-containing functional groups serve as active sites for the char gasification reaction. A strong linear relationship exists among the char's active specific surface area, the reaction activation energy, and the content of oxygen-containing functional groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107163"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of volatiles-char interaction during torrefied biomass and coal co-pyrolysis on char structure: Comparison of different decoupling studies","authors":"Juntao Wei ,&nbsp;Yali Gao ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Dengyu Chen ,&nbsp;Zijian Wu ,&nbsp;Xudong Song ,&nbsp;Xia Liu ,&nbsp;Yue Jiao ,&nbsp;Guangsuo Yu ,&nbsp;Kuan Ding ,&nbsp;Ankui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Co-pyrolysis of torrefied biomass and coal was a potential path to achieve the high-efficiency and large-scale co-utilization of these two carbonaceous feedstocks. Interaction between volatiles and char was an inevitable reaction during co-pyrolysis, and thus impacts the char structure. This work was aimed to conducting a comparison of different decoupling studies to make a clearer understanding of this interaction. Torrefied biomass is prepared at 200, 250, and 300 °C (RST200–300) in a fixed bed reactor, followed by co-pyrolysis with coal (BC) and coal char (BCC) at various ratios. RST-BC co-pyrolysis reduces oxygen-containing functional groups on the BCC surface, with the total amount decreasing from 33.1 % to 30.0 %, and decreases the C-O-C peak intensity of decoupled BCC. Compared with single BCC, co-pyrolysis of RST200/250-BC at 3:1 ratio increases C-O content by 3.5 % and 3.1 %, respectively. RST200-BC co-pyrolysis enhances the order degree of BCC, while RST250/300-BC co-pyrolysis reduce it. RST-BCC co-pyrolysis increases the C-O-C peak intensity on the BCC surface, but this effect is diminished for RST prepared at higher temperatures. During RST200/250-BCC co-pyrolysis, the order degree of decoupled BCC decreases, but RST300-BCC co-pyrolysis shows a converse effect. The impact of volatiles on the carbon structure evolution of coal char enhances with increasing RST ratios. For RST-BC/BCC co-pyrolysis, the C-C content on BCC surface increased, particularly for RST200 at a 3:1 ratio, with C-C content increased by 3.5 % and 3.4 %. These findings suggest that volatiles interactions during co-pyrolysis reduce oxygen-containing groups on the BCC surface and alter its ordered structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107150"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing CO2 emissions in brewing industry through sustainable valorisation of brewer’s spent grain using CO2-assisted pyrolysis","authors":"Jee Young Kim ,&nbsp;Minyoung Kim ,&nbsp;Joohyung Lee ,&nbsp;Ju Hyeong Park ,&nbsp;Eilhann E. Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brewing industry confronts significant environmental challenges owing to the substantial CO₂ emissions and high energy consumption during the brewing process. To address these issues, this study proposes a sustainable platform for valorising spent brewer grain (BSG; a byproduct of the brewing industry) to reduce its carbon footprint. CO₂ was utilised in the pyrolysis of BSG to enhance energy recovery in the form of pyrolytic gas while reducing carbon emissions. In the initial pyrolysis setup, the reactivity of CO₂ was limited owing to its low reactivity in the temperature range where most BSG-derived volatiles were generated. This limited the capability of CO₂ to enhance the thermal cracking of volatiles, thereby adversely affecting syngas production. To address this limitation, the setup was modified to provide additional thermal energy and incorporate a catalytic process. During catalytic pyrolysis, the presence of a catalyst significantly enhanced syngas production, and substantial CO₂ consumption was observed experimentally. The biosolid generated from catalytic pyrolysis was utilised for CO₂ capture. This dual approach (CO₂-catalysed pyrolysis and subsequent CO₂-adsorption using biosolids) reduced the net CO₂ emissions associated with brewing. Specifically, the CO₂ emissions for producing 1 L of beer were reduced from 202.7 g in non-catalytic pyrolysis to 11.5 g in the CO₂-catalysed pyrolysis. Additionally, the pyrolytic gases (H₂, CO, and CH₄) produced through this process is sufficient to satisfy the energy demands of the brewing industry. This would reduce the reliance on fossil fuels. The study demonstrated that valorising BSG through co-catalysed pyrolysis provides a viable and economically feasible pathway for achieving carbon neutrality in the brewing sector. This approach provides a model for sustainable brewing practices by addressing energy recovery and carbon reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 107165"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}