Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献

{"title":"Insight into the influence mechanism of inherent ash in pyrolysis recycling of sewage sludge: Dual roles of catalysis and physical barrier","authors":"Hongyu Feng ,&nbsp;Shaojie Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongcai Su ,&nbsp;Rundong Li ,&nbsp;Shurong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis can convert sewage sludge (SS) into high-value products, while reducing its environmental hazards. However, SS contains significant amount of inherent ash (20–70 %), which can complicate the pyrolysis process. Understanding the impact of inherent ash is crucial for optimizing SS pyrolysis. In this study, the HCl-HF stepwise dissolution method was used to decouple the organic matter and ash in SS. The effects of inherent ash on the pyrolysis process and the physicochemical properties of the products were investigated within the temperature range of 300–700°C. Results showed that the inherent ash exhibited both physical barrier and catalytic effects during pyrolysis. Inert substances in the ash hindered heat transfer and reduced the physical volatilization of fatty acids at lower temperatures, increasing the activation energy for pyrolysis. At the end of the reaction (α=0.9), the activation energy for raw sludge (RS) was about 450 kJ/mol, compared to 300 kJ/mol for de-ashed sludge (DS). At the same time, metal compounds in the ash catalyzed C-C bond cleavage and decarboxylation reactions, promoting the transformation of biochar/bio-oil into syngas, thereby increasing CO₂ and CH₄ yields. At 700°C, the CO₂ and CH₄ yield of RS (based on organic matter) was 299.34 mg/g and 106.79 mg/g, while 166.16 mg/g and 9.30 mg/g for DS. The inherent ash also stabilized C/N elements in biochar and promoted secondary reactions, enhancing nitrogen-containing heterocycles and oxygen/nitrogen compounds in bio-oil. This study provides insights into the role of inherent ash in SS pyrolysis and aids in optimizing process parameters for high-value SS utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107390"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of exergy and carbon emission of torrefied biomass gasification coupled with coal-fired power generation system based on heat recovery","authors":"Yinjiao Liu ,&nbsp;Dongmei Bi ,&nbsp;Chengxizi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiguo Li ,&nbsp;Shanjian Liu ,&nbsp;Weidong Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass gasification coupled coal-fired power generation is an effective way to achieve low-carbon transformation of power generation systems. Due to the frequent changes of biomass types in the gasification unit and the large fluctuation range of moisture content, the quality of syngas is unstable and the energy consumption of the system is high. This paper proposes a new process combining biomass torrefaction and waste heat recovery. The system uses the tail flue gas is used for biomass torrefaction, and the gasification gas is used to cool the heat to heat the water as the gasification agent of the gasifier. A 600 MW coal-fired plant model was built using Aspen Plus, with exergy, energy, economic, and environmental analyses conducted. The results show that torrefaction pretreatment is beneficial to improve the quality of gasification syngas, and higher torrefaction temperatures increase combustible gas percentage, gas production, and heat production. Controlling syngas temperature between 360 ℃ and 440 ℃, with an S/B ratio of 1.04–1.24, reduces syngas temperature and LHV but increases G_v and H_v. The new process boosts syngas yield by 1.27 % and 1.25 %, reduces boiler exergy loss by 7.98 % and 2.2 %. The system's energy efficiency is 51.66 %, with a 6.63-year payback period, and it can reduce annual carbon emissions by 94,000 tons, offering better thermal economy and lower carbon emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107392"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing monocyclic aromatics hydrocarbons production via catalytic co-pyrolysis of cabbage biomass and low-density polyethylene with ZnO/ZSM-5 catalyst","authors":"Mudassir Hussain Tahir ,&nbsp;Amjad Ali ,&nbsp;Vikul Vasudev","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the conversion of cabbage waste (CW) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) into monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) via a dual-stage pyrolysis-reforming process using a ZnO/CZSM-5 catalyst. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is utilized to evaluate the thermal degradation patterns and assess the synergy between biomass and plastics during pyrolysis. Incorporating ZnO into the ZSM-5 catalyst significantly reduces polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) production by decreasing ZSM-5 acidity. Under optimized operating conditions, which included a ZnO loading of 10 wt%, pyrolysis and reforming temperatures of 700 °C and 800 °C, respectively, and a feedstock-to-catalyst ratio of 2:1, MAHs of 68.5 % and a minimum of PAHs at 5.1 % were achieved. Characterization confirmed the structural integrity and catalytic efficacy of the ZnO/CZSM-5 catalyst. This study emphasizes the opportunities for converting biomass and plastic waste into valuable resources, thereby supporting sustainable energy initiatives and improving waste management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107391"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of the hydrothermal carbonization of pig manure using bio-based surfactants: Product distribution and characteristics, pollutant control, and preliminary mechanisms","authors":"Chun-fei Zhou ,&nbsp;Chun-huo Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiao-pin Liu ,&nbsp;Min Jiang ,&nbsp;Hang-cheng Lu ,&nbsp;Kai-jun Mei ,&nbsp;Yao-qing Wu ,&nbsp;Guo-feng Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Li ,&nbsp;Xin Yin ,&nbsp;Yu-juan Huang ,&nbsp;Hua-jun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surfactants have shown broad application prospects in enhancing the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass. Current research in this field mainly focuses on the screening and optimization of petroleum-based surfactants, and the potential application of sustainable bio-based surfactants in this field remains unexplored. Hence, this research explored the application of common bio-based surfactants in the HTC of pig manure. Two bio-based surfactants, that is, phosphatidylethanolamine (a biosurfactant, PE) and sodium cholate (a green surfactant, SC), showed superior performance in promoting the HTC of pig manure, which raised the yield of hydrochar from 54.48 wt% (no surfactant) to 66.86 wt% (PE) and 66.27 wt% (SC), respectively. The introduction of PE and SC surfactants promoted the carbonization degree and organic matter content of hydrochar, resulting in a higher calorific value (20.20–20.25 MJ/kg versus 16.85 MJ/kg). While SC improved the pyrolysis performance of hydrochar, PE enhanced its combustion performance. The application of PE enhanced the formation of acids and the migration of esters to hydrochar. In the case of SC, enhancing the formation of esters and ketones was the main pathway for promoting the formation of hydrochar. The introduction of PE/SC surfactants also mitigated the enrichment of heavy metals in hydrochar. Furthermore, the adsorption/fixation of PAHs in hydrochar was enhanced. The application of advantageous bio-based surfactants can effectively enhance the HTC of pig manure, and it is worth further optimizing the corresponding processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107394"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic activation and structural stabilization of hierarchical porous carbon via gel-directed molten-salt strategy for advanced supercapacitors","authors":"Xin Hou ,&nbsp;Penggang Ren ,&nbsp;Wenhui Tian ,&nbsp;Jiayi Wang ,&nbsp;Tong Wu ,&nbsp;Zirui Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhengyan Chen ,&nbsp;Yanling Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing porous carbon materials with both high carbon yield and well-developed hierarchical structures remains a major challenge for advancing supercapacitor electrodes. Herein, a gel-salt co-regulation strategy is developed by integrating ZnCl₂/K₂CO₃ activation with biopolymer-derived gel confinement. The dual-salt system, uniformly confined within the gel matrix, leverages the Lewis acidity of ZnCl₂ and the gas-releasing activation of K₂CO₃ to facilitate in-situ pore formation, thereby improving carbon retention and promoting structural evolution. The structurally optimized carbon achieves a high yield of 34.2 %, along with a large specific surface area of 1792.1 m²/g with total pore volume of 1.03 cm³/g, enabling efficient ion transport and a high specific capacitance of 318.8 F/g at 1 A/g in three-electrode systems. Furthermore, the optimized electrodes based symmetric deliver a competitive energy density of 39.2 Wh kg at a power density of 450 W/kg, along with long-term cycling stability of 98.2 % and 96.8 % in KOH and Na₂SO₄ after 15,000 cycles. These results highlight the potential of gel-salt co-regulation as a scalable and effective approach for developing high-performance carbon electrodes with robust long-term operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107389"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of pyrolysis temperature and Fe-doped K-feldspar catalysis for enhancing sp²-carbon network and soil CO₂ capture of biochar","authors":"Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo ,&nbsp;Gabriela Durán-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Mimbar Sapaat ,&nbsp;Ridha C. Oktian ,&nbsp;Budhijanto Budhijanto ,&nbsp;Arief Budiman","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the synergistic effects of pyrolysis temperature and <em>in situ</em> Fe-doped K-feldspar catalysis on the physicochemical properties and soil CO₂ adsorption kinetics of lignocellulose-derived biochar. The objective was to identify process conditions that optimize biochar yield, enhance CO₂ uptake, and improve carbon stability. Biochars were synthesized at 400–1200 °C with catalyst loadings of 0–2 wt% and characterized using elemental analysis, solid-state ¹³C NMR, XPS, N₂-BET, and CO₂ adsorption isotherm and kinetic models. At 400–600 °C, oxygen-rich biochars displayed chemisorption-dominated pseudo-second-order kinetics with multilayer binding (Freundlich/Sips). At 600–800 °C, Fe catalysis pruned polar groups, enhanced sp²-carbon domains, and shifted kinetics to pseudo-first-order physisorption, consistent with dual-site Langmuir or Toth behavior. At 1000–1200 °C, Fe-induced graphitization and micropore generation led to intraparticle diffusion-controlled uptake, captured by Weber–Morris modeling and equilibrium fitting with Langmuir and Dubinin–Astakhov equations. Mechanistically, Fe³⁺ Lewis acid sites promoted aldol-type condensation, water-gas shift reaction, and dehydration to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, while Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ redox cycling enabled single-electron transfer that cleaved C–O bonds in alcohols and ethers, accelerating deoxygenation and aromatization. The resulting sp²-carbon frameworks, enriched with pyridinic, pyrrolic, and phenolic groups, strengthened CO₂ binding via π–quadrupole and acid–base interactions. Multi-response optimization identified 400 °C with 2 wt% catalyst as the best trade-off, producing 43.6 wt% biochar with 108 mg g⁻¹ CO₂ uptake, 49.1 % sp²-carbon, and low O/C (0.23) and H/C (0.54) ratios, alongside co-production of biocrude oil and syngas. This work provides a mechanistic and statistical framework for engineering multifunctional biochars for CO₂ capture and sustainable energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107388"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic hydrocracking of pyrolytic lignin over bimetallic Ru-M/HZSM-5 (M = Ni, Fe or Co) for aromatic hydrocarbon production","authors":"Qinjie Cai ,&nbsp;Zewei Hu ,&nbsp;Zhijia Dong ,&nbsp;Suping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolytic lignin (PL) can be converted into aromatic hydrocarbons through catalytic hydrocracking. This study investigated the performance of bimetallic Ru-M/HZSM-5 catalysts (M = Ni, Fe, or Co) in the hydrocracking of PL, focusing on the impact of introducing a second metal on the efficiencies of hydrodepolymerization (HDP) and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). The 2Ru-5Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the best performance in HDP and HDO. The introduction of Ni enabled the formation of RuNi alloy and additional metallic Ni sites for H₂ activation to enhance HDP. Furthermore, the RuNi alloy was proposed to promote the HDO of monophenols via a short-path hydrogen spillover between Ru and Ni, which was more efficient than HDO mediated by co-working of Ru and acid sites on unmodified Ru/HZSM-5. While RuFe and RuCo alloys could also strengthen HDO of monophenols through the aforementioned mechanism, the reduction of strong Brønsted acid sites by the incorporation of Fe or Co adversely impacted HDP. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the oil phase yield from hydrocracking over 2Ru-5Ni/HZSM-5 reached 51.42 %, with GC-detectable products accounting for approximately 78 %. Particularly, the yields of mono-ring and double-ring aromatic hydrocarbons were 21.08 % and 8.66 %, respectively. In addition, this catalyst demonstrated excellent reusability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107387"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of closed pores induced by in situ pyrolysis of coal and its effect on volatile yield","authors":"Qifeng Jia ,&nbsp;Bingyang Kou ,&nbsp;Qingmin Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal underground in-situ pyrolysis technology has opened new avenues for the clean and efficient utilization of coal resources. However, crustal stress constraints significantly affect the transport of pyrolysis tar-gas through pores, making a deeper understanding of the impact on pyrolysis tar-gas release urgently needed. This research simulated the pyrolysis behavior of coal at 500°C and 5.0–25.0 MPa, followed by a systematic investigation of the evolution of pyrolysis closed pores, trapped oil, and pyrolysis product yields under stress loading using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and T₁-T₂ nuclear magnetic resonance. The results exhibited that the synergetic evolution of closed pores and coal pyrolysis products varied under different stresses. 5.0–17.5 MPa, the closed pore volume increased by 0.00112 cm³/g. The trapped oil signal intensity and char yield exhibited a positive correlation with closed pores, while tar-gas yield exhibited the opposite trend. The former was attributed to the enhanced retention of heavy components due to improved pore-fracture closure, while the latter resulted from restricted tar-gas release caused by insufficient pore network connectivity. 20.0–25.0 MPa, the closed pore volume further increased by 0.00047 cm³/g. The evolution of char and tar-gas yield remained consistent with those 5.0–17.5 MPa, indicating the continuity of closed pore structure affected by pyrolysis product occurrence under different stresses. However, the trapped oil signal intensity decreased with increasing closed pores, reflecting the effect of high stress: promoting secondary conversion of trapped oil into light components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107386"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular condensation of ethylene tar for producing impregnating pitch by gas-blowing process","authors":"Dongxu Zhang ,&nbsp;Cheng Liu ,&nbsp;Lechun Song ,&nbsp;Zhaoming Han ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Bingxing Hu ,&nbsp;Rongbin Li ,&nbsp;Chenze Li ,&nbsp;Siyuan Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethylene tar can be converted into high-value functional solid-phase pitches through heat treatment; however, the intrinsic mechanism of its thermal reaction remains insufficiently studied. In this work, the thermal reaction of ethylene tar during gas-blowing was systematically investigated and the synergistic effects of temperature/duration/gas atmosphere were compared using a stirred autoclave. The fundamental properties, molecular structures, and composition of the obtained pitches were analyzed. The results demonstrated that both air and nitrogen blowing promoted the conversion of ethylene tar into solid pitches, with air proving more efficient. Oxidative crosslinking during air-blowing effectively increased the molecular weight, carbon content, aromaticity and condensation degree of the pitches, thereby significantly improving the key parameters of softening point, toluene insoluble, and coking value. In addition, it was observed that an increase in temperature and duration favored the thermal reaction of ethylene tar. Higher conversion temperatures facilitated molecular dealkylation and aromatization, shifting the feedstock composition toward large molecules with high condensation degree and increased structural order. This process formed macromolecular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including asphaltenes and toluene insolubles. The oxidation kinetics of ethylene tar were analyzed and the possible mechanisms were proposed to illustrate the thermal reaction behavior for the conversion of liquid ethylene tar into solid pitches during gas-blowing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107383"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella sorokiniana for high quality biocrude production over Mg modified activated red mud catalyst","authors":"Manash Jyoti Borah ,&nbsp;Anindita Das ,&nbsp;M.V. Rohit ,&nbsp;Neha Singh ,&nbsp;Kaustubha Mohanty","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for renewable fuels has positioned microalgae as a promising feedstock due to its high productivity, non-edible nature, and favourable biochemical profile. In this study, <em>Chlorella sorokiniana</em> (CS) biomass comprising 41.34 wt% protein, 33.07 wt% carbohydrate, and 22.00 wt% lipid was selected for catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) to produce energy-dense biocrude. A low-cost industrial residue, red mud (RM), was activated (ARM) and doped with Mg (1–5 wt%) to prepare a series of catalysts (1,3,5 Mg/ARM) using a deposition–precipitation method. HTL experiments were conducted in a batch reactor under varying conditions, including reaction temperature of 275–350 °C, reaction time of 15–60 min, and catalyst loadings of 5–15 wt%. Under the optimized condition, 10 wt% of 3-Mg/ARM catalyst at 325 ºC and 45 min exhibited the best performance, achieving 43.31 wt% biocrude yield. Product characterization by CHNS, FTIR, and GC–MS revealed superiority of the catalyst in enhancing the quality of biocrude by reducing N and O content by 36.22 % and 13.30 % respectively, with a significant enhancement in hydrocarbon content (23.15 %). These results indicated effective deoxygenation and denitrogenation, enhancing the fuel quality of the resulting bio-crude. This study demonstrated the potential of Mg-modified RM as a low-cost and efficient catalyst for sustainable algal biofuel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107384"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}