Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献

{"title":"Application of subcritical Cr(VI)-containing wastewater to treat PVC waste: Cr(VI) removal, PVC dechlorination and plasticizer recovery","authors":"Yingying Qi,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Fu-Rong Xiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The treatment of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste has received wide concern due to the high chlorine content of and the presence of toxic plasticizer such as diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). The chromium-containing wastewater is also an important environmental issue due to the toxic heavy metal Cr(VI). In this study, a synergistic treatment strategy for PVC waste and Cr(VI)-containing wastewater was developed by using subcritical water (SubCW) process. The strong reducing properties of polyol and polyene structures in situ formed from PVC dechlorination and subcritical water molecules synergistically promoted the significant detoxification/reduction of Cr(VI), and the Cr(VI) in turn had an enhancement effect on the dechlorination and conversion of PVC waste. The PVC dechlorination was significantly influenced by SubCW temperature, treatment time, solid-liquid ratio, and Cr(VI) concentration. Optimal conditions of 250 ℃, 60 min, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/mL, and a Cr(Ⅵ) concentration of 200 mg/L resulted in a PVC dechlorination efficiency of 95.42 % and a Cr(Ⅵ) removal ratio of 99.55 %. Cr(Ⅵ) exhibited an enhancement effect on PVC dechlorination between 200 ℃ and 300 ℃. In the SubCW system including Cr(Ⅵ), PVC dechlorination pathway involved direct HCl removal and hydroxyl substitution reactions. Hydrolysis of plasticizer DEHP at 250 ℃ resulted in the formation of phthalic acid crystals with a yield of 60.45 %. The oil product mainly included benzoic acid with a GC-MS relative peak area abundance of 94.41 % due to the decomposition and conversion of DEHP. The proposed subcritical chromium-containing wastewater (SCCW) process could be a promising technology for the synergistic treatment of the DEHP-rich PVC waste and chromium-containing wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107631"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolysis mechanism of 2-chloroacetophenone: Single pulse shock tube experimental and kinetic modeling","authors":"Lin Yang ,&nbsp;Hao Sun ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Liu ,&nbsp;Xin Gao ,&nbsp;Su Wang ,&nbsp;Xiqiang Gai ,&nbsp;Haitao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The experimental and kinetic modeling investigation of the pyrolysis of 2-Chloroacetophenone (CN) were studied by single pulse shock tube in the temperature range of 1084–1706 K. Twelve pyrolysis products were identified and quantified, such as carbon monoxide, acetylene, hydrogen chloride, benzene, chlorobenzene, etc. As pyrolysis temperature over 1377 K, the concentration of acetylene exhibited a substantial increase, whereas the concentrations of benzene and chlorobenzene declined. The overall rate constant for pyrolysis of CN was found to be <em>k</em> = 10^{(3.15 ± 0.11)} · e^{(−18201.21 ± 2083.61) / <em>RT</em>}. A detailed kinetic model of CN pyrolysis process was developed and validated against the results of experiments and theoretical calculations. The dissociation reactions of the C–Cl bond, and the H-abstraction reactions on the branched chain, were the main channels of CN decomposition by calculations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107619"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial oxygen vacancies and Cu-Ni bimetallic sites synergistically enhance the catalytic hydroconversion of soluble portion from lignite thermal dissolution","authors":"Zong-Pin Fu ,&nbsp;Yun-Peng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yu-Fa Wu ,&nbsp;Qi-Jie Zhou ,&nbsp;Shu-Ting Hu ,&nbsp;Le-Le Qiu ,&nbsp;Fang-Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Mei Zhong ,&nbsp;Jing Liang ,&nbsp;Jing-Pei Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mild thermal dissolution is an effective method for the clean, low-carbon conversion of lignite. However, the resulting products still contain numerous oxygen-bridged bonds and heavy molecular compounds, requiring further upgrading to serve as suitable feedstocks for fuels and chemicals. In this study, a supported Cu-Ni bimetallic catalyst was synthesized via a co-precipitation method and applied to the catalytic hydroconversion (CHC) of thermal dissolution portions from Zhaotong lignite (ZT) and lignite-related model compounds (LRMCs). Catalyst characterization revealed that metal particles were uniformly dispersed on the surface of the Cu-Ni/CoOx-CeO₂ catalyst, along with the formation of defect sites. The CoOx-CeO₂ support promoted surface oxygen vacancy formation. Furthermore, the incorporation of Ni altered the local coordination environment of Cu species through multicomponent interactions. The synergy between interfacial oxygen vacancies and Cu-Ni bimetallic sites significantly enhanced catalytic activity. Tests with LRMCs indicated that the Cu-Ni/CoOx-CeO₂ catalyst selectively cleaves C-O ether bonds under mild conditions, exhibiting both high selectivity and strong hydrogenation activity in the CHC of phenolic compounds. The catalyst also effectively promoted the CHC of macromolecular species in the soluble portion from ZT thermal dissolution, thereby converting phenolic compounds into cycloalkanol. These finding provides valuable insights for developing staged conversion routes and achieving value-added utilization of lignite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107623"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolysis treatment of waste tires and resource utilization of products: A review","authors":"Zhaohui Du,&nbsp;Pei Li,&nbsp;Liujing Yang,&nbsp;Zhiliang Xue,&nbsp;Yonggang Zhou,&nbsp;Tong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the continued expansion of the global automobile industry, waste tire generation has risen steadily, leading to serious environmental pressures and substantial loss of recoverable resources. Consequently, the environmentally friendly treatment and resource utilization of waste tires have become urgent global issues. Pyrolysis is considered one of the most promising and environmentally benign approaches, as it can convert waste tires into gaseous, liquid, and solid, while simultaneously achieving waste reduction, hazard mitigation, and resource recovery. This review systematically summarizes the influence of key operational parameters including pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, feedstock tire and particle size, catalysts, and reactor type on the composition and distribution of pyrolysis products. The generation characteristics and transformation mechanisms of gaseous, liquid, and solid phases under different operating conditions are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the potential applications of pyrolysis-derived products in energy recovery, chemical feedstocks, and functional material development are analyzed. An integrated system combining pretreatment, pyrolysis, oil refining, gas recycling, and recovered carbon black modification is expected to be a future direction for optimizing waste tire pyrolysis. This review aims to integrate available research findings, provide a scientific support for process optimization and high value utilization of products, and reveal potential opportunities for the future development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107605"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of thermal-oxidative aging on flame-retardant mining conveyor belt: Pyrolysis characteristic and combustion behavior","authors":"Guoxiang Wen ,&nbsp;Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Shen ,&nbsp;Jia Li ,&nbsp;Bobo Shi ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Junyi Li ,&nbsp;Xuan Xu ,&nbsp;Fubao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal-oxidative aging (TOA) has a significant impact on the safety and fire performance of flame-retardant conveyor belts used in mining. In this study, a multi-scale characterization approach was employed, integrating reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations, thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/mass spectrometry, and cone calorimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared gas analysis, to systematically investigate the influence of TOA on combustion behavior and gas emission characteristics. The results indicate that the cleavage of C-Cl bonds during TOA produces HCl, causing rapid mass loss, while the early degradation and volatilization of plasticizers and other additives further accelerate weight reduction. TG-FTIR/MS analysis shows that the removal of unstable chlorine-containing species enhances the thermal stability of the material. TOA elevates the initial pyrolysis temperature, reduces the mass loss in stage R_Ⅰ, and in stage R_Ⅱ suppresses the formation of aromatic compounds while promoting the generation of aliphatic compounds. CONE-FTIR results reveal that, due to the weakening of the gas-phase flame-retardant effect, TOA enhances combustion completeness, leading to increased heat release rate and CO₂ yield while reducing CO yield; meanwhile, the elimination of chlorine species and the migration of flame retardants and other additives contribute to the prolonged time to ignition. This study grounded in realistic underground mine conditions, systematically elucidates how TOA-induced chlorine-related chemical evolution and plasticizer migration regulate the pyrolysis, combustion, and gas emission behaviors of conveyor belts, providing critical insights into the TOA behavior of flame-retardant composites and supporting fire safety assessments for engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107630"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing lignin extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis from corn straw via surfactant-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment","authors":"Yao Tong ,&nbsp;Tianhua Yang ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Bingshuo Li ,&nbsp;Haijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Rundong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn straw (CS), the effects of three surfactants (Span80, CTAB and SDBS) combined with hydrothermal pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignin extraction from CS were comprehensively investigated, and the structural and thermochemical transformation characteristics of the extracted lignin were analyzed. The results showed that the addition of surfactants significantly increased the content of reducing sugar produced by hydrolysis of CS in the pretreatment stage, with CTAB having the most pronounced promotional effect. Further, cellulase hydrolysis was investigated under the optimal pretreatment conditions (5 % CTAB, 120 °C, 0.5 h), up to 41.72 % of hydrolyzed reducing sugar was obtained, which was 310.5 % higher than that of without pretreatment. The yield of lignin was over 65 % with the purity of 31.22 %. Meanwhile, the combined pretreatment altered the structure of lignin, resulting a higher maximum decomposition temperature and a more stable structure, while retaining the active groups of natural lignin in CS and promoting the enrichment phenols, acids and ketones in the pyrolysis products. Hierarchical cluster analysis further revealed a significant synergistic effect between the introduction of CTAB and the medium-high temperatures (500–550 °C) pyrolysis conditions, which collectively dominated the selective generation of high-value phenolic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107621"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation study on heat transfer and pyrolysis characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel in regenerative cooling channels","authors":"Shiyuan Yan ,&nbsp;Wenhao Shen ,&nbsp;Jin Jiang ,&nbsp;Yanrong Lu ,&nbsp;Quan Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiang-Yuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The existing pyrolysis kinetic model is hard to meet the accuracy and size requirements for industrial numerical simulation of hydrocarbon fuel cooling channels. Based on the minimum reaction network method, a kinetic model of n-decane pyrolysis with 27 species and 36 reactions is established and applied to the three-dimensional numerical simulations of pyrolysis fuel cooling channel. Experimental validation shows that the outlet temperature deviation between simulated and experimental values is less than 5 °C under supercritical pressure conditions. Because this model couples the reaction equilibrium constant model and the thermophysical properties model of real gas. Numerical simulation shows that there is a heat transfer deterioration region near the inlet of cooling channel, which is mainly caused by the sudden change of thermophysical properties and flow behavior. And the heat transfer deterioration can be effectively eliminated by adding annular micro-rib structures. The pyrolysis reaction of n-decane mainly absorbs heat through the C-C bond breaking. Increasing the yield of ethylene and propylene is expected to further improve the endothermic ability of pyrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107610"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics quantification in organic-rich samples: The relevance of testing substrate-specific calibration curves","authors":"Medina Veliu ,&nbsp;Joeri Kaal ,&nbsp;Tiago De Oliveira ,&nbsp;Asier Goñi-Urtiaga ,&nbsp;Denis Courtier-Murias ,&nbsp;Liliane Jean-Soro ,&nbsp;Johnny Gasperi ,&nbsp;Marco Panettieri","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban agriculture could rely on waste-based substrates, but potential contaminants such as microplastics should be evaluated for safe public use. However, quantifying microplastics in these substrates is challenging due to their high organic matter content, which is difficult to remove completely, leading to interfering compounds and unreliable results. This study investigated the underexplored effects of organic matter on microplastics quantification employing pyrolysis-GC-MS. Natural organic matter (NOM) removal methods were tested on organic-rich peat-based substrate, reaching up to 46 % of reduction with Fenton’s reaction. Then, calibration curves were prepared in two inorganic matrices, silicon dioxide and glass fiber powders, for high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) across nine concentrations, from 0.01 to 10 µg/mg, adding polyflurostyrene (PFS) as internal standard. The selectivity of several polymer pyrolytic markers was compared. Polymer-spiked samples were subjected to Fenton’s oxidation and quantified with both inorganic calibration curves, overestimating polymer contents, up to four times for PET and PVC. The preparation of a third calibration curve, specific for peat, improved results for PS, but not for PP, PET, and PVC. For the first time, the three calibration curves were tested on untreated polymer-spiked (HDPE, PP, PS) waste-based substrates, and resulted in a better estimation closer to the expected polymer concentrations when substrates closely matched the curve’s matrix composition. The comparison of three calibration curves made with different matrices showed that the quantification of plastic polymers in organic-rich samples could be improved using matrix-specific calibration curves even without a complete NOM removal. This represents a novel methodological approach for plastic polymers quantification in complex matrices, minimizing the sample pretreatment that could cause the loss of nanoparticles during filtration, evidencing that matrix similarity is key for reliable quantification in NOM-rich samples, even without its complete removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107624"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste-derived hierarchical porous carbon with tunable sp2/sp3 hybridization from pyrolyzed Poly (ethylene terephthalate)/oyster shell for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes","authors":"Jinlong Zhuo ,&nbsp;Xian Wang ,&nbsp;Chuanyue Yang ,&nbsp;Weirun Li ,&nbsp;Xu Yao ,&nbsp;Jingwen Sun ,&nbsp;Kang Lv ,&nbsp;Xiansen Tao ,&nbsp;Jingquan Sha","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous carbon (PC) with tunable carbon hybridization states and controllable nanostructure are critically important for high-performance energy storage. However, their synthesis often requires expensive precursors, graphitization catalysts, or complex activation processes. Herein, we report a sustainable and template-free strategy to fabricate hierarchically porous carbon (PC-x, x = 800, 900, and 1000 °C) with controllable sp²/sp³ carbon ratio by utilizing waste oyster shells as a calcium source and discarded Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles as a low-cost terephthalic acid ligands precursor. Through a facile one-pot route, Ca-based metal-organic frameworks (Ca-MOFs) were constructed and subsequently pyrolyzed at different temperatures to obtain PC-x without any external catalyst. Mechanistic investigations suggest that elevated temperature promotes sp³-to-sp² conversion and structural ordering, thus enhancing graphitic domains and electronic conductivity. As a result, the optimized PC-900 as anode for lithium-ion batteries exhibits an exceptional specific capacity of 2057.2 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 0.1 A·g⁻¹ after 200 cycles, along with a rate capacity of 1381.9 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 1.0 A·g⁻¹ after 350 cycles and 559.2 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 10.0 A·g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles. Furtherly, the Li⁺ migration kinetics, storage mechanisms and structure evolution of PC-900 are systematically analyzed. This work not only develops a sustainable strategy to convert plastic and biological waste into high-performance carbon anodes, but also establishes clear structure-property correlations between carbon hybridization, nanostructure evolution, and electrochemical performance, providing mechanistic guidance for the rational design of sustainable carbon anodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107642"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of N-rich doped bamboo-derived carbon electrode materials by multi-effect activation and multi-source N doping strategy: A high-yield, green synthesis method","authors":"Wenchang Yue ,&nbsp;Zhaosheng Yu ,&nbsp;Hongyu Liu ,&nbsp;Zejie Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuoyao Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to their controllable pore structure and tunable surface active sites, biomass-derived carbon materials were a potential low-cost electrode material for supercapacitors. However, traditional technology relied on high-concentration K salts or KOH activators and chemical heteroatom dopants, which defied the principles of sustainable development. This study introduced a green and innovative method for preparing N/O/S co-doped carbon materials through the multi-effect activation of organic K salts enhancing multi-source heteroatom doping. During carbonization process, C₈H₄KNO₂ achieved a triple effect: chemical pore-making by K vapor, physical pore-expansion by CO₂, and alkaline etching by NH₃. During this process, the heteroatom enrichment was achieved through multi-source doping (self-doping of biomass and gas-solid reactions between NH₃ and carbon materials). The synergistic interaction between biomass and C₈H₄KNO₂ resulted in precise regulation of the N-5, N-6, and C-O content. Among them, the optimized KPBS-1 exhibited outstanding specific surface area (1110.35 m²/g), abundant N, O, and S active sites (total content: 20.17 %), and exceptional carbon yield (40.40 %). At 0.5 A/g, KPBS-1 demonstrated a capacitance of 336.75 F/g while achieving a volumetric performance of 376.03 F/cm³. The assembled button-type supercapacitor (KPBS-1//KPBS-1) realized a high energy density of 15.65 Wh/kg and demonstrated superior long-term cycling stability (93.44 % capacitance retention after 60,000 cycles). DFT calculations indicated that particular functional groups (N-5, N-6, and C-O active sites) significantly enhanced adsorption capacity for K⁺. This study provided valuable reference for the future development of high-yield, environmentally friendly, low-pollution, surface-functionalized carbon-based supercapacitor electrode materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107650"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}