Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin最新文献

{"title":"THE LEVEL OF URBANIZATION OF A TERRITORY: THE CASE OF SWEDEN","authors":"O. Balabeikina, Leonid M. Kuznetsov, Maria I. Poputneva","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2022-1-60-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2022-1-60-72","url":null,"abstract":"Against a background of intensively growing urban population as well as expanding urban network and complicating agglomeration forms, the development of a system of objective indicators that would reflect the level of urbanization of a particular territory remains an unresolved problem. The same applies to the system of corresponding calculations. The paper presents a modified version of the authors’ methodology for determining a territory’s urbanization level through the example of Sweden, taking into consideration the individual national and regional characteristics of the country. The use of a scoring system based on indexing the specially selected indicators made it possible to identify the numerical limits of values necessary for grouping Swedish municipalities into super-urbanized, highly urbanized, and medium-urbanized. A comprehensive methodology proposed by the Russian economic geographer Ernest Faibusovich in 2018 was used as a methodological basis. However, it required significant changes to its components in relation to Sweden, which was due to the differences in the criteria applied in Russia and Sweden to categorize different types of settlements according to their population, due to the size of the territory of the country and its individual municipalities. We also introduced a new indicator for indexing – the share of urban areas in the total area of the region. So far, there have not been any studies presented in scientific literature that would make an attempt to determine the level of a territory’s urbanization based on the example of a foreign state. This work can serve as an impetus for further development of this direction in geo-urban studies, and the methodology used can be taken as an analog base when studying states where the principles of territorial planning are close to the Swedish ones.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130848840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METRICS OF URBAN SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS IN TERMS OF THE CENTRAL PLACE THEORY: CONSTANCY VS VARIABILITY","authors":"R. Dmitriev","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2019-2-24-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2019-2-24-34","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132216712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SOUTHERN MAN IN SIBERIA: A LITERARY AND GEOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF ANTON CHEKHOV'S JOURNEY (BASED ON CHEKHOV'S ESSAYS ‘FROM SIBERIA’ AND HIS TRAVEL LETTERS)","authors":"V. Kalutskov","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2021-3-74-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2021-3-74-91","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed and applied a cultural and geographical approach in relation to one of the most famous literary trips on the territory of Russia – Anton Chekhov's trip. An important component of this approach is comprehensive geographical methodology of studying literary trips, which includes 3 methodological blocks: geographical contexts of the literary trip, a step-by-step description of the route with the detection of local and regional geographical images, and the identification and study of the main author's regional themes. The core of this method is a modular spatiotemporal periodization of a literary trip, which is based on objective geographical indicators and subjective author's assessments and perceptions. As a result of the periodization, the stages of the journey are distinguished, each of which is a spatiotemporal chronotope with objective measurable characteristics (the border of the territory, a certain landscape, the border of the season and weather, the vehicles used, etc.) and subjective criteria related to literary assessments of places and their modality. As a result of applying this technique, 6 stages of the Chekhov's literary journey were identified and mapped; a step-by-step description of the route was carried out, including the analysis of geographical images. The main Chekhov’s themes related to Siberia were also identified and commented on, among which are such as ‘Siberia and Russia: the problem of cultural and geographical positioning’, ‘Chekhov's Western and Chekhov's Eastern Siberia: two contrasting geographical images’, ‘On the attractiveness of Siberia’.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133613213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RADICAL GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY AND MODERNITY (I)","authors":"Y. Tyutyunnik","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2022-1-165-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2022-1-165-179","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of radical geography emerged in the late 1960s and became very popular in America and Europe in the 1970s. Radical geography is a problem-oriented research area in the geographical science united by the ‘concept of social justice’ (D. Harvey). It has distinctive features as follows: a) the uniqueness of the themes, these being concerned with spatial and ecological problems generated by man’s violence against man and against nature; b) signs of ‘scientific underground’ (V.M. Kotlyakov – V.S. Preobrazhensky); c) the ‘leftist’ political orientation of theory and methodology. Radical-geographical intensions have always been present in culture and science. The article traces their evolution from the Greek antiquity to the 1970s. The paper presents and justifies the viewpoint that at the historical stage of ‘modernity’ the transformation of radical geographic ideas is conditioned by a) the historical collapse of Marxism as a project of future society, b) emergence of the newest egalitarian and antiestablishment doctrine of ‘postanarchism’, c) cardinal transformations of historical process connected with the adoption of network principles (in a broad sense) in modern society and eschatological expectations of ecological disaster. Modern geography cannot but be radicalized.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131302278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STATISTICAL MODELS FOR FORECASTING AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURE AND MONTHLY PRECIPITATION AMOUNT IN PERM","authors":"V. Aptukov, V. Mitin","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2021-2-84-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2021-2-84-95","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes an approach to forecasting mean temperature and total precipitation for the upcoming month, based on the study of the regularities of the influence of statistical characteristics of temperature and precipitation of previous periods on them. Among the predictors, along with the basic statistical characteristics, we use the fractality index which is an indicator of the randomness/ determinism of the climate series. Within the framework of this approach, we have developed models of different levels to predict the temperature and total precipitation amount in the upcoming month. The main parameters of these models are described and the possibilities of their variation are indicated. Examples are given to illustrate the forecasting methodology using various types of models and include the results of quality control of the models, calculation of forecast accuracy and dependence of forecast accuracy of average temperature and precipitation on the month (climate season). When tested in 2020, models for forecasting temperature and precipitation for the upcoming month give good results: 9 correct forecasts of temperature anomalies out of 10 (90%) and 7 correct forecasts of precipitation anomalies out of 9 (77,7%).","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"87 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134034883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEW DATA ON MAXIMUM DEPTHS OF OXBOW LAKES IN THE OKA RIVER FLOODPLAIN AND ITS GEOMORPHOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION","authors":"Mikhail M. Komarov, A. Vorobyev, A. Kadyrov","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2019-4-6-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2019-4-6-17","url":null,"abstract":"В настоящее время в отечественной и зарубежной научной геоморфологической литературе наблюдается возросший интерес к проблеме эволюции озер, изменениям их водного баланса, рассматриваются причины их деградации, загрязнения и исчезновения. Многочисленные работы, посвященные озерам-старицам в поймах равнинных рек, зачастую проводились с целью установления времени их отделения от основного русла, особенностей последующего развития и состояния современного донного рельефа, выполненного илистыми отложениями. Рассмотренные в рамках настоящего исследования озерные водоемы поймы средней Оки, не задействованные ранее в батиметрической съемке, обнаружили несоответствие известным на данный момент представлениям об особенностях рельефа староречий окской поймы. Для измерения глубин старичных озер у с. Ерахтур Рязанской области в среднем течении р. Оки был использован метод эхолокации. На основе полученных измерений для староречий и по данным лоцманских карт для современного русла Оки в программе «QGIS v.3.4» были построены батиметрические карты. При сопоставлении рельефа дна староречий и руслового рельефа р. Оки (на наиболее близком к обследованным старицам участке) установлены различия в распределении глубин. Определены основные параметры меандров, эволюционировавших в исследованные староречья после их отделения от основного окского русла. Обоснованы некоторые возможные сценарии формирования данных участков палеорусла в эпохи c преобладанием более высоких весенних половодий и руслоформирующих расходов воды. К лю ч е в ы е с л о в а : пойма, староречье, Ока, эхолокация, QGIS, русло, изобаты.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"589 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132724693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPATIAL AND SECTORAL ASPECTS OF FOREIGN TRANSNATIONAL BUSINESS OPERATION IN RUSSIA","authors":"T. Pototskaya","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2022-3-19-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2022-3-19-34","url":null,"abstract":"The study is devoted to the identification of sectoral and spatial features of the functioning of transnational business in Russia. The author used two analytical approaches: the one based on the analysis of flows and the nature of foreign direct investment and the other based on work with materials on the activities of individual transnational companies. Both approaches are described; the advantages and disadvantages of their application are identified; joint use of these approaches is shown to be beneficial for a productive economic and geographical analysis of foreign transnational activities in Russia. The author created a database of 100 largest non-financial foreign companies operating in Russia, which contains comparable information about all the companies: specialization, country of registration, location of the head office in Russia, number of branches and their location in Russia, number of the company’s own enterprises and their location in Russia, whether and where the company conducts educational activities, whether and where the company conducts research activities, the value of net assets, and the amount of revenue. Based on this, the companies were ranked according to each of the listed quantitative indicators and the largest of them were identified; the geography of their registration was determined, their belonging to economically developed countries and countries with economies in transition is noted; the sectoral structure of their activity was identified, the leadership of electronics, food industry, pharmaceuticals, automotive industry, and retail trade is shown; the activities of the companies within each industry are described, with a statement of the number of the employed with the companies, country affiliation, and the location of production, research, and educational activities. The companies were grouped according to their attitude to work in Russia under economic and political sanctions: companies that have announced their complete withdrawal from Russia; companies that have suspended the implementation of investment projects, marketing campaigns, closed part of of part of their production facilities; companies that do not plan to cease their operation in Russia. A correlation has been revealed between the type of behavior of a foreign company in Russia, on the one hand, and the sectoral structure of its activities and the geography of registration, on the other. The reasons for the correlation are indicated: a situation when the company's specialization falls under the sanctions list of goods or when the company is registered in a country being the initiator of the sanctions.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130767558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ICING MAPPING IN THE CHIKOY RIVER TRANSBOUNDARY BASIN","authors":"V. N. Chernykh, A. Ayurzhanaev, M. A. Zharnikova, B. Sodnomov, A. Shikhov, B. Tsydypov, E. Garmaev, S. V. Piankov","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2022-3-169-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2022-3-169-179","url":null,"abstract":"The basin of the transboundary Chikoy River is the largest in terms of area among the catchment areas of the main tributaries of the Selenga River. The Selenga basin as a whole is characterized by a wide distribution of icing. The paper presents the results of mapping icings and their distribution according to various physical and geographical characteristics. Based on the Landsat-8 satellite imagery for 2019, a cartographic database of icings was compiled for the first time for this territory. The database includes 6,319 objects on a total area of 140 km2. The largest icing is 671.13 thousand m2 in area. The mean value, median, and mode are 22.16, 12.86, and 10.24 thousand m2, respectively. Most of the icings are located at altitudes of 900–1,200 m and on the slopes of the eastern exposure. Icings were not found in the western part of the Chikoy River basin and in the near-top belt of the ridges. Fissure rocks are predominant in the study area, which indicates the leading role of groundwater in the formation of icing. The greatest icing coverage is found in areas with annual precipitation in the range of 350–460 mm and with an average annual temperature of –2.5 ... –3℃. In the landscape structure, icing is common in low- and mid-mountain taiga larch-dark coniferous landscapes. About 80% of the icings are located on the complexes of soddy podburs, podburs, soddy podzols, and other associated soils. The level of icing coverage was found to be not proportional to the natural resources of groundwater, which can be caused by both the imperfection of the original groundwater map and the uncharacteristic manifestation of icing in 2019. The resulting database will become the basis for retrospective and predictive assessments of the icing dynamics in the Chikoy and Selenga River basins.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115695322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TERRITORIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION OF THE URAL KAMA REGION: THE ESSENCE OF EVOLUTIONARY TRANSFORMATIONS","authors":"V. Stolbov, T. Subbotina","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2022-4-48-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2022-4-48-65","url":null,"abstract":"The article substantiates the importance of an efficient administrative structure of the territory and its impact on the development. On the basis of literature and archival materials, we systematized and analyzed the stages of reforming the territorial structure of the Perm region (Perm Krai). Scientific substantiation is provided for the territorial structure being improved when replacing a two-level administration system with a one-level system. The advantages of consolidating municipalities are indicated – a greater responsibility of the heads and deputies, less time spent on coordination and making decisions concerning the territory’s functioning and development, and lower economic costs of maintaining the government apparatus. The disadvantages of consolidating the territory are as follows: the lack of criteria for the distribution of funds across the territories included in the district; transformation of the region’s municipal-territorial division is carried out without a theoretical justification for the consolidation; the boundaries of municipalities do not coincide with the area of physical accessibility of services (‘service area’); the territory loses its specificity, especially in the case of a rural territory; there is a distance between municipal authorities and the residents of the district. The paper provides recommendations as to the transformation (consolidation) of municipalities in the region – reform of the territorial structure should be carried out on a scientific basis, it is necessary to elaborate individual strategies for the development of municipalities while taking into account their potential, economic and geographical location, economic activity, natural, historical and cultural characteristics, points of growth, and the introduction of brands for making the territory recognizable and attracting consumers and businesses.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123863146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REGIONAL PROCESSES OF SOCIAL AND STRATIFICATIONAL INEQUALITY OF THE POPULATION OF RUSSIA","authors":"U. Yumanova","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2019-2-45-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2019-2-45-56","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123759187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}