Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin最新文献

{"title":"SITES WITH INCREASED PHYTODIVERSITY IN THE FIRE-BURNED PART OF THE KERZHENSKY NATURE RESERVE: SIGNIFICANCE, ORIGIN, MAPPING","authors":"N. Kadetov, A. E. Gnedenko","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2021-3-142-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2021-3-142-152","url":null,"abstract":"The position of the Nizhny Novgorod Trans-Volga region in vegetation zoning schemes has long been a subject of discussion, which is due to the peculiarities of its landscape structure and long-term anthropogenic impact. This study examines the role of areas of increased phytodiversity in the post-fire part of the Kerzhensky Nature Reserve as an important component of the communities’ recovery after fires, an also deals with their spatial structure and floristic composition. A combination of field observations (geobotanical descriptions, soil profiles) and cartographic materials were used as the main research methods. We have found that the studied complex of communities was formed along an ancient long hollow, within which, due to the peculiarities of the landscape structure, was formed environment with an increased content of trace elements in soils and a greater accumulation of snow, which determined the development of rich linden-pine forests. They reflect the zonal features of the vegetation in the sandy Trans-Volga region; their preservation and further study are necessary to understand the formation processes of the vegetation cover and landscapes of this territory.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115717769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESHORING: ITS INFLUENCE ON THE TERRITORIAL AND PRODUCTION STRUCTURE OF THE US MANUFACTURING","authors":"T. I. Gorkina","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2020-3-46-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2020-3-46-54","url":null,"abstract":"The decline in the share of manufacturing in the US GDP in recent decades due to the rapid growth of the tertiary sector, a sharp increase in imports, outsourcing and offshoring of the industry have led to a change in its territorial-production structure, degradation of a number of industrial complexes, and a partial loss of competitive advantages on the global market. The relocation of industrial facilities outside the country took place for such reasons as the low cost of resources and labor in developing countries. In the course of outsourcing and offshoring, American multinational companies have created a complex network of industrial facilities in many countries of the world, mainly in developing and emerging countries. Deindustrialization led to a decrease in the technological level and industrial infrastructure in the US manufacturing industry, which contributed to the deterioration of the country's trade balance, an increase in the budget deficit, and growing dependence upon the world market conditions. The decline in production occurred primarily in labor-intensive and resource-intensive industries, but it practically did not affect production with high added value. Resource price volatility and rising labor costs in developing countries have contributed to the ‗return‘ of enterprises to the United States. The revival of American industry is in line with industry 4.0, based on the accelerated introduction of breakthrough digital technologies. The new industrialization should provide large-scale structural changes not only in industry, but also in the economy as a whole. Reshoring has an impact on the territorial structure of the economy because the most attractive for new industrial facilities are centers with less than 1 million residents, and not the US largest cities that have a complex territorial-production structure burdened with social and environmental problems.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":" 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120828496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODELLING CO2 BALANCE IN SEMIDESERTS ECOSYSTEMS OF UZBEKISTAN","authors":"O. Sukhoveeva, M. Nasirov","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2019-2-5-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2019-2-5-12","url":null,"abstract":"Исследование посвящено применению модельного подхода для оценки баланса диоксида углерода (СО2) в пастбищных экосистемах. Его среднее многолетнее значение на полупустынных полынных пастбищах Узбекистана в опыте Самаркандского университета составляет 0,121 ± 0,148 г С м ч, в связи с чем их следует признать нетто-источниками поступления СО2 в атмосферу. На этом примере впервые на территории Средней Азии применена имитационная биогеохимическая модель DNDC (DeNitrification-DeComposition) и доказана ее способность воспроизводить чистый экосистемный обмен, в том числе его основные потоки – фотосинтез и дыхание экосистемы. Эффективность моделирования оценена на основе пяти критериев. Между измеренными и смоделированными значениями отмечена средняя прямая корреляция. Коэффициент Нэша-Сатклиффа имел положительное значение, что доказывало адекватность воспроизведения моделью баланса СО2. Относительная ошибка моделирования не превышала 18%. По результатам дисперсионного анализа приняты нулевые гипотезы о равенстве не только средних полевых и смоделированных значений, но и их дисперсий. Графический анализ показал, что модель корректно отражает годовую динамику чистого экосистемного обмена. В дальнейшем DNDC может применяться для оценки потоков парниковых газов и разработки стратегии снижения их эмиссии из пастбищных экосистем. К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а : модель DNDC, полынные пастбища, Средняя Азия, чистый экосистемный обмен, эффективность моделирования.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127208852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESTIMATION OF SUMMER SURFACE URBAN HEAT ISLAND OF NOVOSIBIRSK FROM LANDSAT 8 SATELLITE IMAGES","authors":"Timur F. Gazimov, I. Kuzhevskaya","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2021-4-84-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2021-4-84-98","url":null,"abstract":"An urban heat island is a phenomenon which occurs when the temperature in urban areas is higher than that in their rural surroundings. The formation of an urban heat island has a negative impact on the health of urban dwellers and the ecology of the city. We assessed the intensity of the surface urban heat island (UHISurf) in the city of Novosibirsk during the summer period from 2018 to 2020 using two categories of indicators – those based solely on differences in temperature (UHI-driven) and those including land cover type data (land-cover-driven). Data from the Landsat 8 were used to obtain information on land surface temperature. In accordance with the chosen methodology, bands 4, 5 and 10 were taken to calculate the land surface temperature. A prerequisite for satellite data selection was the absence of cloud cover over the study area. In this paper, nine buffers with a diameter of 1 km were selected, each around ground-based meteorological observation points at the Roshydromet network of stations. The results obtained indicate the presence of a stable surface urban heat island in Novosibirsk during the study period. The maximum value among all surface urban heat island intensity indicators was 23,0°C for the range indicator. Negative intensity values (up to –1,6°C) were also obtained for several cases, which is associated with a larger heating of croplands relative to urban surfaces. It is concluded that UHISurf intensity values depend on the choice of the calculation approach.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123394936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PARTICIPATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES LIVING IN THE NORTH-WESTERN REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN IN THE MIGRATION PROCESSES","authors":"B.A. Huseynova","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2022-3-45-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2022-3-45-57","url":null,"abstract":"The primary purpose of the research paper of practical importance is to study the historical migration of ethnic minorities settling in the north-western zone of Azerbaijan to Azerbaijan and the reasons and consequences of their participation in modern migration processes. The migration of ethnic groups inhabiting the region was studied on the basis of historical materials, and in order to study the current situation, causes and directions of contemporary migration processes, we conducted the research in the several settlements, which are settled compactly by ethnic minorities, of the region. According to the results of the study, the role of socio-economic factors in the intensification of migration processes in recent years among the ethnic minorities living in the region has been significant. It was revealed that the ethnicity of the migrant is the determinant of the area to which they migrate. Additionally, the impact ways of the tendencies in the migration processes on the alterations of age composition were researched in the article. It was concluded that as a result of the mass migration young generation, the share of seniors has increased in society and the ageing processes of the population have accelerated.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122003611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLICATION OF OPERATIONAL MAPPING IN THE FOREST OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT","authors":"A. Tarasov","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2019-3-134-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2019-3-134-145","url":null,"abstract":"134 Просьба ссылаться на эту статью в русскоязычных источниках следующим образом: Лагута А.А., Погорелов А.В. Особенности дельтоформирования рек, впадающих в долинное водохранилище (на примере Краснодарского водохранилища) // Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin. 2019. No3(50). С. 119–134. doi 10.17072/2079-7877-2019-3-119-134. lease cite this article in English as: Laguta A.A., Pogorelov A.V. Peculiarites of delta formation in rivers flowing into the valley reservoir (a case study of Krasnodar reservoir) // Geographical bulletin. 2019. No3(50). P. 119–134. doi 10.17072/2079-7877-2019-3-119-134.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121506579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEPENDENCE OF THE SPRING FLOOD PEAK IN THE UPSTREAM OF THE TSNA RIVER ON CLIMATIC FACTORS","authors":"A. Semenova, M. Bukovskiy","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2022-1-87-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2022-1-87-99","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of water in rivers when it reaches high and abnormally high levels can lead to catastrophic consequences for the property complex and even pose threat to human life. Generally, in the European part of Russia, such levels are observed during high spring floods, which are characterized by a random frequency and depend on a combination of several factors. Climatic changes necessitate significant adjustments to the previously developed forecasting methods, whose accuracy and justification are reducing sharply. Therefore, the development of relevant forecasting methods for small and medium rivers is an important scientific objective. This paper considers 17 climatic factors potentially influencing the formation of the maximum levels of spring floods. The factors whose influence is most significant were determined by the correlation-regression analysis. The analysis was carried out according to the data of the Kuzmino-Gat gauging station, located at the upper reaches of the Tsna River (the Oka River basin), and the Tambov weather station for the period from 1970 to 2020. We have established that the probability of high floods increases to the greatest extent when the starting dates of snowmelt shift to later ones. The probability of high floods also increases with a rise in snow water reserves, autumn soil moisture, and a later transition of the average daily air temperature through 0ºС upwards. The results of this work are already being introduced into practice for verification and are used to make forecasts of the maximum flood level at the Kuzmino-Gat gauging station.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"148 Pt 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126320883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VALUABLE SOIL OBJECTS OF THE ‘CHERRY MOUNTAIN’ MONUMENT OF NATURE (PERM REGION)","authors":"I. Samofalova","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2019-2-101-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2019-2-101-114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121919708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF INBOUND AND DOMESTIC TOURIST FLOWS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN 2020–2021","authors":"I. Ivanov","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2022-3-153-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2022-3-153-168","url":null,"abstract":"The global transformation of tourist flows that occurred in 2020–2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic requires a more detailed study through the prism of the geography of tourism. The main indicator of the tourist flow dynamics used in this study is tourist arrivals according to hotel statistics. The indicator ‘tourist flow recovery index’ (TFRI) is proposed, calculated on the basis of monthly data on inbound and domestic tourist flows for 2019–2021. The calculation results are presented for all major European countries in the form of a table with a color scale. This method allows one to assess the degree of the tourist flow recovery, to carry out periodization, and also to compare different European countries with each other. There have been distinguished 6 stages of reduction and restoration of tourist flow: the beginning of the pandemic, the first general lockdown, the first restoration of the tourist flow, the second lockdown, the second restoration of the tourist flow, and the Omicron wave. After the first general lockdown, in the face of fairly strict restrictions on entry and exit from the country, the inbound tourist flow recovered weakly and for a short time. The volume of domestic tourist flow in many countries during the recovery periods corresponded to or even exceeded the level of 2019. The second lockdown, announced in most European countries, led to a second collapse in the inbound tourist flow, but the domestic tourist flow remained, albeit to a lesser extent. The second recovery took place against the backdrop of mass vaccinations and the spread of the Delta strain, which delayed the easing of restrictions. The Omicron wave did not lead to a new mass lockdown, but reduced the pace of the tourist flow recovery. The recovery of the inbound tourist flow went faster in the microstates, in Turkey, Albania and Kosovo, of the domestic tourist flow – in the small countries of Europe with a high share of tourism in their GDP. An analysis of the relationship between the TFRI and the stringency index (SI) made it possible to identify groups of countries where restrictions did not have a direct impact on the reduction in tourist flow. Possible reasons for their deviation from the general trend are described.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131452025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPATIAL AND SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE TOTAL CONTENT OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE TOBOL RIVER (WITHIN THE KURGAN REGION)","authors":"Elizaveta V. Mursynina","doi":"10.17072/2079-7877-2022-4-90-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2022-4-90-97","url":null,"abstract":"The Tobol River is the main water artery of the Kurgan region, providing the region’s population with drinking and household water, which necessitates environmental and analytical studies of the river. The main water pollutants of the Tobol River are compounds of manganese, copper, iron, easily oxidized organic substances and those resistant to oxidation, and also oil products. The article presents the results of a study of the Tobol River water within the territory of the Kurgan region conducted to find the content of oil products. Water samples were taken from the river at five observation site during the main hydrological phases: May – spring flood, September – summer-spring low water, and February – winter low water. Based on the chemical analysis, the shares of the maximum allowable concentrations of oil products in the water of the Tobol River were calculated, the territorial location of observation sites with the excess of the maximum allowable concentrations of oil products was studied, and the mass of oil products in the studied sections was determined. The alleged sources of oil products entering surface waters of the Tobol River are indicated.","PeriodicalId":345845,"journal":{"name":"Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132475871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}