Composites Part C Open Access最新文献

{"title":"Flexural characteristics of additively manufactured continuous fiber-reinforced honeycomb sandwich structures","authors":"Rafael Guerra Silva ,&nbsp;Gustavo Morales Pavez","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing of continuous fiber filament is an advanced process that combines continuous strands of reinforcing fibers with thermoplastic materials to create composite parts. Previous studies have explored the potential of this technology to produce solid composite materials, but its potential for the production of sandwich panels has been limited. For instance, continuous fiber can be used to reinforce the faces while lightweight customized lattice structures could be selected for the core, all built integrally in one single process. This study analyzes the effect of reinforcement material and fiber orientation on the flexural behavior of continuous fiber-reinforced sandwich structures built entirely using a commercially available fused filament fabrication printer. Three-point bending tests were carried out on sandwich panel specimens, which were built using nylon reinforced with chopped carbon fiber and two reinforcement fibers, glass or carbon fiber. The carbon fiber-reinforced sandwich panels had a higher rigidity than those reinforced with glass fiber, but carbon fiber showed significant scattering. Additionally, we explored the influence of fiber content on the flexural behavior of the composite sandwich panels. As predicted by the theoretical models, a higher fiber content led to higher values of flexural modulus and strength. The analytical models were able to predict the flexural modulus and critical load with a relative error of approximately 20 % for low fiber volume fraction in the facing. On the other hand, in carbon fiber-reinforced specimens, when doubling the fiber volume fraction in the facing, the relative error was above 60 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the thickness and layup dependence on failure mechanisms during unfolding of curved woven composites","authors":"R.D.R. Sitohang,&nbsp;S. Benou,&nbsp;L.L. Warnet,&nbsp;R. Akkerman","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the failure mechanisms of curved woven Glass/Polyphenylene sulfide (G/PPS) composites and characterizes the critical strains associated with the occurrence of damages during unfolding. Tensile-bending tests were carried out to study the damage development. The damages were observed by using acoustic emission sensors, a scanning electron microscope, and a camera. The results for the (0,90) ply orientation showed that the mechanism of failure changes from intraply-dominated to interply-dominated as the laminate thickness increases. Furthermore, the change in layup for the thinnest samples, with [(0,90)]_2s, [(90,0)]_2s, and [(<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>45)]_2s layups, caused a change in the mode of the damage initiation, although all of them showed initiation at the fiber/matrix interfaces. Intra-yarn cracks were found at the compression side of all 4-ply samples. These cracks caused surface yarn buckling in the [(0,90)]_2s and [(<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>45)]_2s samples, but not in the [(90,0)]_2s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safe optimization with grey-box information: Application to composites autoclave processing improvement on the fly","authors":"Mohammad Amin Roohi ,&nbsp;Milad Ramezankhani ,&nbsp;Maryam Kamgarpour ,&nbsp;Abbas S. Milani","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the manufacture of aerospace-grade composites in the autoclave, the curing process plays a crucial role as it directly governs the quality of the final parts. Maintaining the part’s thermal history, namely, thermal lag and exotherm, under predetermined thresholds as well as achieving a uniform degree of cure throughout the material thickness can result in the desired product quality. Currently, for many such manufacturing applications, the optimization of the curing process (often conducted via trial-and-error) is highly expensive and time-consuming and occasionally leads to failed products. In order to address this problem, in this paper, a Safe Optimization approach is proposed. The suggested framework allows for the on-the-fly optimization of curing process configurations while avoiding interruptions typically encountered during trials. In other words, the proposed algorithm is capable of consistently yielding “pass” products as it navigates toward the optimal configuration. In particular, we introduce a hybrid optimization framework that combines a genetic algorithm, namely NSGA-II, using inexpressive stimulation (white-box) data for finding a safe initial starting point and then, the (black-box) safe logarithmic barrier method for enhancing the product quality presumably using experimental data on-the-fly. Herein, however, as proof of concept, we employ synthetic data throughout the framework in a case study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100560"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effect of extrusion process parameters and filler loading on the performance of LDPE composites reinforced with eggshell powder","authors":"Yasith S. Perera ,&nbsp;Mohammad Naaib ,&nbsp;Nisal Ariyasinghe ,&nbsp;Chamil Abeykoon","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eggshells are a household waste material that contributes to landfill waste. Polymer composites reinforced with eggshell powder can be produced in large scale with melt blending using twin-screw extrusion, which can aid in reducing eggshell waste. Proper selection of extrusion parameters and filler loading is crucial in achieving composites with desired performance while optimising the extrusion process. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of extruder parameters and filler loading on the mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites reinforced with eggshell powder, and motor power consumption of the extruder, which should aid in optimising the melt blending process. Composites were produced with three different filler fractions (i.e., 4 wt.%, 8 wt.%, and 12 wt.%), and extruded under three different temperature settings (i.e., low: 160–200 °C, medium: 170–210 °C, and high: 180–220 °C) and three screw speed settings (i.e., 100, 150, and 200 rpm). Injection moulding was used to produce the tensile specimens for mechanical testing using the composite pellets manufactured via melt blending. The motor power consumption of the extruder rose as the screw speed increased and declined as the set temperatures of the barrel heaters increased. The results confirmed that incorporating eggshell powder as a filler led to a slight increase in the extruder's motor power consumption. Scanning electron microscopy results showed non-uniform dispersion of the filler with increasing filler content. The tensile performance of the composites was influenced by both extruder parameters and filler loading. The inclusion of the filler resulted in enhanced stiffness but compromised the ultimate tensile strength. Rheology test results exhibited a reduction in the storage and loss moduli as well as the complex viscosity due to the incorporation of eggshell powder filler. These properties were significantly influenced by the extrusion process parameters as well. However, the influence of extruder parameters and filler loading on the thermal properties of the composites was found to be negligible. This shows that the filler did not significantly disrupt or promote the nucleation and growth of crystalline regions in the LDPE matrix. It was found that, to obtain high tensile properties while retaining good rheological properties, composites with high filler contents of 8–12 wt.% should be processed at a high screw speed of 200 rpm at low set temperature conditions. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that the produced composites could be utilised for applications that require high stiffness. Furthermore, large-scale production of these composites could provide a long-term solution to the eggshell waste problem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100561"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ballistic performance of lightweight ceramic-metal composite armour plates under blunt projectile impact","authors":"Hasan Aftab Saeed ,&nbsp;Yasser Riaz Awan ,&nbsp;Hamza Saleem Khan ,&nbsp;Abdur Rehman Mazhar ,&nbsp;Shahid Aziz ,&nbsp;Dong-Won Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The importance of well-designed armour for mitigating threat to life cannot be overemphasized. Possibility of single and multi-layered configurations, various potential materials and their sequence and the gap in between makes the design of effective lightweight armour a complicated challenge. In the present work, nonlinear finite element analysis is used to find the ballistic performance of various combinations of composite bi-layered armours of Weldox 460 E, AA7075-T6, and SiC impacted by blunt projectiles with velocities ranging from 100 - 400 m/s. The material models employed to mimic material behaviour that accommodate high strain rates, plastic deformations and the shockwave phenomenon associated with ballistic impacts are JH1,  JC, and SCG. The ballistic performance and the prevailing failure modes for each combination are observed and validated using experimental results. To help improve the design of armour, the various combinations are subjected to a range of test conditions, ranked in terms of weight and their complete ballistic profile is presented. It is found that ceramic front plate proves to be advantageous in improving the ballistic performance, which makes one of the SiC - AA7075 bi-layered composite plates the lightest of the lot. Furthermore, the best AA7075 - Weldox combination also outperformed monolithic Weldox plate in ballistic performance as well as in weight reduction, having the additional merit of being the configuration with the smallest thickness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of shape memory alloys in advanced composite sandwich panels and laminates","authors":"Kevin K. Thomas ,&nbsp;Noha M. Hassan ,&nbsp;Zied Bahroun ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Awad","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart materials have garnered significant attention in material research due to their remarkable ability to react to external stresses and retain their original shape. This paper presents a systematic review of the integration of shape memory alloys (SMAs) into composite structures, underscoring a pioneering frontier in smart materials research. Analyzing a large number of research publications, the review offers critical insights into the latest trends and innovative approaches in embedding SMAs into composite structures. The analysis is methodically divided into two categories based on loading conditions: static and dynamic. This review not only highlights the significant potential of SMAs in composite applications but also identifies key research gaps and future directions. The main research gap is the potential of SMA implementation in the core structure of sandwich panels emerging as a particularly promising avenue for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100557"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural strengthening and rehabilitation of continuous reinforced concrete beams using BFRP sheets: Experimental and analytical techniques","authors":"Mu'tasim Abdel-Jaber ,&nbsp;Rawand Al-Nsour ,&nbsp;Ahmed Ashteyat","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) materials marks a significant step forward in sustainable construction practices. This study investigates the use of externally bonded low and high-dense BFRP sheets to enhance the flexural strength and durability of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with compressive strengths of 20 and 32 MPa. Analyzing a total of ten two-span RC beams, each with a length of four meters, the study included four beams that were strengthened using low-dense sheets and four beams that were rehabilitated with high-dense sheets after being subjected to 70 % of their ultimate load capacity. Additionally, two beams were used as control samples to compare the effects of the strengthening and rehabilitation techniques. The research demonstrates the effectiveness of BFRP in boosting structural integrity. The findings revealed substantial improvements in flexural strength, with increases ranging from 22.6 % to 80 %, along with enhanced ductility. These results were closely aligned with predictions made using Finite Element Modeling, underscoring the potential of BFRP sheets in advancing the performance and longevity of RC beams. Theoretical outcomes agreed well with experimental findings, in alignment with the ACI 440.2R-08 guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100556"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical performance of hybrid double- and step-lap joints in primary metallic aircraft structures: An experimental and numerical approach","authors":"Amir Ekladious ,&nbsp;John Wang ,&nbsp;Nabil Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Wing Kong Chiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid joints, combining adhesive bonding with mechanical fasteners, address the limitations of traditional joining methods in restoring the integrity of aircraft structures. This study evaluates the static strength of double- and step-lap joint configurations, representing repairs in thin and thick metallic aircraft structures, through experimental testing and finite element analysis. Aerospace-grade 7075-T6 aluminium alloy was used for the adherends, with film adhesives and fasteners arranged in typical airframe patterns. The three-dimensional finite element (FE) models incorporated non-linear adhesive properties, fastener preload, contact interactions, and frictional forces. The FE results aligned well with experimental findings, capturing key failure modes and load distributions. Hybrid double-lap joints exhibited strength comparable to bonded joints while mitigating their brittle failures through fasteners that provided additional load-bearing capacity. In thicker step-lap joints, the hybrid configuration nearly restored the parent material’s inherent stiffness, with a moderate strength reduction due to the reduced bond area from the bolt holes, while enhancing elongation capabilities and resistance to localised stress concentrations. Stress analyses highlighted a transition from adhesive-dominated to fastener-dominated load transfer under high loads, demonstrating key interplay between adhesive and mechanical fasteners in hybrid joints. This study presents part of a systematic assessment of the mechanical performance and damage tolerance of the hybrid joining technique, compared with adhesively bonded and mechanically fastened methods, in metallic aircraft structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100554"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composites in high-pressure hydrogen storage: A review of multiscale characterization and mechanical behavior","authors":"Imen Feki ,&nbsp;Mohammadali Shirinbayan ,&nbsp;Samia Nouira ,&nbsp;Robert Tie Bi ,&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste Maeso ,&nbsp;Cedric Thomas ,&nbsp;Joseph Fitoussi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental protection and sustainable development remain key concerns for all stakeholders. In this context, hydrogen has emerged as a particularly promising energy vector for electricity and heat generation, contributing to the transition toward clean energy solutions. However, the refueling of high-pressure hydrogen tanks can lead to a rapid increase in the internal temperature of the storage cylinder, potentially causing a decrease in the state of charge, damage to tank walls, and, ultimately, safety concerns. This paper provides a detailed review of hydrogen storage technologies, with a particular focus on Type IV tanks for automotive applications. These tanks, characterized by a polymer liner fully wrapped in carbon fiber composites, are pivotal for achieving high-pressure containment while maintaining lightweight properties. To understand and address critical challenges, the study conducts an in-depth examination of the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of laminated composites across multiple scales. Through advanced multiscale characterization methods, including infrared thermography, X-ray tomography, acoustic emission, and digital image correlation, the research investigates how these materials respond under impact and cyclic loading conditions. Key failure mechanisms, such as matrix cracking, fiber breakage, and delamination, are explored to elucidate their progressive development and impact on the structural integrity of composites. The study also examines residual properties following dynamic loading to provide a comprehensive understanding of long-term performance under real-world conditions. Findings emphasize the importance of multiscale coupling from macro to microstructure to achieve accurate modeling and prediction of composite behavior. Insights from this research aim to optimize the design and durability of hydrogen storage systems, enabling safer and more efficient implementation in the automotive sector. This review concludes by summarizing the implications of these findings for enhancing the performance and safety of high-pressure hydrogen storage technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100555"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRM verses FRP in torsional strengthening of RC beams","authors":"Hudhaifa F. Ismael,&nbsp;Saad M. Raoof,&nbsp;Muyasser M. Jomaah","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of TRM and FRP in torsional strengthening of RC. The examined variables were: the type of bonding agent (epoxy resin versus cement mortar), the material of the textile fibers (dry carbon and coated glass), the strengthening configurations (partially &amp; fully) and the strengthening orientation (45°&amp;90°). Thirteen large-scale beams were casted, strengthened, and tested monotonically up to failure. One used as a control, six specimens were strengthened with TRM and the rest six specimen were retrofitted with FRP. It was mainly found that: (a) the effectiveness of TRM composites in increasing the torsional capacity was approximately similar to that of FRP composites; (b) the Carbon fiber textile was more effective than glass fiber textile in enhancing the torsion capacity in FRP strengthened specimens. In contrast, the coated glass fiber textile performed better than the carbon fiber textile in the TRM reinforced specimens; (c) the 45° strengthening orientation in the TRM was less effective than the 90° strengthening orientation due to the premature debonding at the ends. This was not the case in the FRP where the 45° strengthening orientation showed higher torsional strength than that of 90°.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100553"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}