Oncology and Translational Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Three novel rare TP53 fusion mutations in a patient with multiple primary cancers: a case report","authors":"Mengyao Lu, Xuemei Zhang, Qian Chu, Yuan Chen, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1097/ot9.0000000000000024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ot9.0000000000000024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As survival rates improve and detection technologies advance, the occurrence of multiple primary cancers (MPCs) has been increasing. Approximately 16% of cancer survivors develop a subsequent malignancy, with lung cancer often developing after esophageal cancer due to potential “field cancerization” effects. Despite this observation, the genetic heterogeneity underlying MPCs remains understudied. However, the recent emergence of genetic testing has expanded the scope of investigations into MPCs to investigate signatures underlying cancer predisposition. This report reveals 3 unprecedented TP53 fusion mutations in a Chinese patient afflicted by MPCs, namely, AP1M2–TP53 (A1;T11) fusion, TP53–ILF3 (T10;I13) fusion, and SLC44A2–TP53 (S5;T11) fusion. This patient exhibited an extended period of survival after diagnosis of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, which occurred 6 years after the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell cancer. This unique report may provide supplementary data that enhance our understanding of the genetic landscape of MPCs.","PeriodicalId":345149,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Translational Medicine","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on lung cancer stem cells in epidermal growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeted therapy resistance in lung adenocarcinoma","authors":"Hong Zhang, Yanbin Wang, Xianglin Yuan, Yanmei Zou, Hua Xiong","doi":"10.1097/ot9.0000000000000028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ot9.0000000000000028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. In recent years, with the widespread use of genetic testing, epidermal growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI)–targeted drugs have been efficacious to patients with lung adenocarcinoma exhibiting EGFR mutations. However, resistance to treatment is inevitable and eventually leads to tumor progression, recurrence, and reduction in the overall treatment efficacy. Lung cancer stem cells play a crucial role in the development of resistance toward EGFR-TKI–targeted therapy for lung adenocarcinoma. Lung cancer stem cells possess self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and unlimited proliferation capabilities, which efficiently contribute to tumor formation and ultimately lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the origin, markers, stemness index, relevant classic studies, resistance mechanisms, related signaling pathways, and strategies for reversing lung cancer stem cell resistance to EGFR-TKIs to provide new insights on delaying or reducing resistance and to improve the treatment efficacy of patients with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma in the future.","PeriodicalId":345149,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Translational Medicine","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139536390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of EGFR Gene Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma in Karamay, Xinjiang","authors":"Yuhua Ma, Yuanxin Li, Min Jiang, Jing Gao, Yining Lai, Kamila Kulaixijiang, Min Zhu, Fei Liang","doi":"10.1097/ot9.0000000000000007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ot9.0000000000000007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To investigate the mutation types and mutation rate of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and the clinical features of lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR gene mutations in Karamay, Xinjiang, China.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Paraffin-embedded tissue samples of adenocarcinoma patients were collected in the Karamay Central Hospital from March 2016 to June 2019, and mutations in exon 18–21 of the EGFR gene were detected by the allele-specific amplification polymerase chain reaction (Amplification Refractory Mutation System–PCR) method. The relationships between the mutation types, mutation incidence, and clinical features were analyzed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Of the 170 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, 83 had EGFR mutations. The total mutation rate of EGFR in patients with lung adenocarcinoma was 48.8%, which included mutations in exons 18 (1.2% [2/170]), 19 (19.4% [33/170]), 20 (2.4% [4/170]), and 21 (20.6% [35/170]). Intriguingly, there was a case with 9 mutations in exons 20 and 21. The mutations in exon 19 of EGFR resulted in the deletion of codons 746 to 750. The main mutation in exon 21 was L858R (91.4% [32/35]). There was no significant difference in exons 19 and 21 mutation rates (P > 0.05). The mutation rate of EGFR in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients (P < 0.05) but had no correlation with the age, smoking status, and clinical stage of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (P > 0.05). The EGFR mutation rate may be related to the degree of tumor differentiation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Among patients with lung adenocarcinoma in Kelamayi (city in Xinjiang), EGFR mutations were more frequently detected in female patients, and the main sites of mutations were exons 19 and 21.\u0000","PeriodicalId":345149,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Translational Medicine","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controversies and future directions in the management of gallbladder cancer","authors":"J. Lendoire, L. Gil","doi":"10.1097/ot9.0000000000000003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ot9.0000000000000003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare malignancy worldwide, with 140,000 new patients each year and more than 100,000 deaths annually. The review aims to address the controversial aspects of managing GBC. Regional differences of the study worldwide remain pending, and comparative mutational profiles will provide more information on the pathogenesis of GBC. However, certain pathologic aspects are discussed, such as the staging of early GBC, outcome differences between T2 pathologically staged patients, and the necessity of a uniform pathologic report. The surgical management of GBC is still under debate. The extent of liver resection, type of lymphadenectomy, and selection of patients for extended resection are aspects of the disease that require revision. Laparoscopic and robotic approaches were initially slow to develop. However, with time, they have demonstrated their value in the surgical management of GBC. The OMEGA survey, performed to analyze the management practice of surgical treatment of GBC worldwide, demonstrated differences from the recommended guidelines. The OMEGA study, the largest cohort study, examined the outcomes of surgical intervention in 3676 patients from 133 centers. Regarding future directions, the value of collaborative efforts between centers and regions must be emphasized to better understand the different aspects of the disease and globally improve therapeutic strategies for GBC.","PeriodicalId":345149,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Translational Medicine","volume":"40 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated bioinformatics analysis identifies immune-related epithelial-mesenchymal transition prognostic biomarkers and immune infiltrates in patients with lung adenocarcinoma","authors":"Yu Huang, Peng Zhang, Shu-Chang Zhou, Qing Liu","doi":"10.1097/ot9.0000000000000008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ot9.0000000000000008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Lung cancer, particularly lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), is highly lethal. Understanding the critical interaction between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the immune status of patients is imperative for clinical assessment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted bioinformatics analysis to identify potential immune-related EMT (iEMT) prognostic genes and explored the immune status in LUAD. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and GSE68465, differentially expressed genes, were identified, and a risk model was constructed. Cluster analysis was conducted using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our findings revealed 69 differentially expressed iEMT genes, with risk values demonstrating independent prognostic significance for both The Cancer Genome Atlas and GSE68465 samples. The risk value was positively correlated with tumor stage. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed a significant decrease in resting dendritic cells and an increase in CD4 memory T cells in high-risk groups with poor survival prognoses. The immunotherapy analysis revealed weak immunotherapeutic effects in the high-risk group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study provides insights into potential aberrant differential iEMT genes and risk models and explores immune landscapes that inform personalized immunotherapy in patients with LUAD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":345149,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Translational Medicine","volume":"3 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular pathogenesis and clinical research progress","authors":"Xuesong Li, Feng Xia","doi":"10.1097/ot9.0000000000000013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ot9.0000000000000013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is advancing rapidly in the 21st century. Although there are various treatment methods, the most promising breakthrough seems to be in immunotherapy. Recent guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the European Association for the Study of the Liver have recommended immunotherapies with strong antitumor effects for HCC treatment. Emerging systemic therapeutic strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with targeted therapy or local treatment, are among the most promising for improving overall and tumor-free survival times in patients with HCC. This review analyzes the molecular mechanisms of existing immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor–T cells; summarizes the latest progress in relevant clinical research; and outlines future trends and opportunities for HCC immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":345149,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Translational Medicine","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of continuous arterial perfusion chemotherapy combined with transarterial chemoembolization regional arterial thermal perfusion in the treatment of pancreatic cancer with liver metastases","authors":"Zhuo Zhong, Jian Yang, Jing-Zi Luo, Xiong Xie, Zhi-Mei Huang, De Long","doi":"10.1097/ot9.0000000000000001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ot9.0000000000000001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of continuous transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Sixty patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and liver metastases were enrolled in this study. In the treatment group, 31 patients underwent continuous transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with TACE regional arterial thermal perfusion, whereas 29 patients included in the control group received intravenous chemotherapy with gemcitabine and S-1. All patients received maintenance chemotherapy with S-1 after 4 cycles of the study regimen. Treatment efficacy, quality of life, survival, and toxicity were evaluated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Efficacy was better in the treatment group than in the control group, as reflected by the objective remission, partial remission, and disease progression rates (all P < 0.05). The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group and Numerical Rating Scale pain scores were also higher in the treatment group (both P < 0.05). In survival analysis, the 1-year overall survival rates in the treatment and control groups were 64.516% and 10.345%, respectively, whereas the median overall survival times were 16 and 6 months, respectively (both P < 0.05). The 6-month progression-free survival rates in the treatment and control groups were 77.419% and 13.790%, respectively, and the median progression-free survival times were 12 and 3 months, respectively (both P < 0.05). The rates of hematological and nonhematological toxicological adverse effects were also lower in the treatment group (both P < 0.05). Although the rate of liver dysfunction was higher in the treatment group, this finding had no adverse effects on prognosis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Continuous transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with TACE regional arterial perfusion chemotherapy resulted in better efficacy and safety outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer and liver metastasis, suggesting its utility as a reference method for the clinical treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.\u0000","PeriodicalId":345149,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Translational Medicine","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk evaluation of splenic hilar lymph node metastasis and survival analysis of patients with advanced gastric cancer","authors":"Guang-cai Niu, Youlong Zhu, Xuanxuan Xiong","doi":"10.1097/ot9.0000000000000010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ot9.0000000000000010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There is no consensus regarding the influence of prophylactic no. 10 lymph node (LN) dissection in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). We aimed to evaluate whether patients with AGC could benefit from no. 10 LN dissection and to explore the clinicopathological indicators of no. 10 LN metastasis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We analyzed the data of 218 patients with AGC who underwent standard D2 lymphadenectomy (SD2; n = 108) or modified D2 lymphadenectomy (MD2; n = 110) between January 2017 and January 2021. In addition, we examined factors influencing no. 10 LN metastasis in the SD2 group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Differentiation, tumor location, and no. 4 positive LNs were significantly correlated with no. 10 LN metastasis (P < 0.05). Borrmann classification, differentiation, depth of invasion, LN metastasis (N), and tumor size were found to correlate with survival in univariate analyses. Age, sex, extent of gastrectomy, tumor location, and extent of lymphadenectomy were not associated with survival (P > 0.05). The median survival times were 72.23 and 68.56 months for the SD2 and MD2 groups, respectively (P = 0.635). Postoperative major morbidity and mortality rates were 37.96% and 3.70% in the SD2 group, and 23.64% and 1.82% in the MD2 group, respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Based on our findings, prophylactic no. 10 lymphadenectomy may be recommended in patients with AGC who exhibit positive no. 4 LN status, poor differentiation, and tumors located on the greater curvature.\u0000","PeriodicalId":345149,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Translational Medicine","volume":"5 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eosinophil disorders: an update on diagnosis and management","authors":"Chuanyi M. Lu","doi":"10.1097/ot9.0000000000000012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ot9.0000000000000012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Eosinophilia can be seen in almost all medical subspecialty patients. Delay in diagnostic workup and treatment is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Clinical vigilance and timely referral for diagnostic evaluation are critical. Causes of hypereosinophilia (HE) are diverse and can be grouped under 3 categories: primary (neoplastic), secondary (reactive), and idiopathic. Advances in molecular genetic diagnostics have led to elucidation of the genetic basis for many neoplastic hypereosinophilic disorders. One common molecular feature is formation of a fusion gene, resulting in the expression of an aberrantly activated tyrosine kinase (TK). The World Health Organization endorsed a biologically oriented classification scheme and created a new major disease category, namely, myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions. Rearrangement of other TK genes and activating somatic mutation(s) in TK genes have also been reported in eosinophilic neoplasms. Diagnostic evaluation of HE involves a combination of clinical, histopathologic, and immunophenotypic analyses, as well as molecular genetic testing, including next-generation sequencing–based mutation panels. The management of primary HE is largely guided by the underlying molecular genetic abnormalities. Good knowledge of recent advances in HE is necessary to ensure timely and accurate diagnosis and to help optimize patient care.","PeriodicalId":345149,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Translational Medicine","volume":"26 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venous thromboembolism in patients with liver cancer: a retrospective study","authors":"Sheng-Li Yang, Jing Zhan, M. Peng, Ling-Zhi Hou, Qiu-Yi He, Hao-Ran Jin, Bai Wei, Jian-Li Hu","doi":"10.1097/ot9.0000000000000004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ot9.0000000000000004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Little is known about the association between venous thromboembolism (VTE) and tumors. In this study, we identified the clinical features of patients with liver cancer who presented with at least 1 VTE episode.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This was a retrospective case-control study of a single-institution database with univariate and multivariate analyses using χ\u0000 2 and Fisher exact tests. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The overall incidence of VTE in the patients with liver cancer was 1.2%. More than half (53.8%) of the 13 patients with liver cancer and venous thrombosis died within 2 months. The thrombus in 12 patients (92.3%) was located within the deep veins, whereas the other patient (7.7%) was diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism. Of the 11 patients, 9 (69.2%) had swelling and/or pain symptoms. All 6 patients with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) had thrombosis, accounting for 46.2% of all patients with liver cancer and venous thrombosis. Compared with the controls, liver cancer patients with PICC tubes, thrombosis-related symptoms such as swelling and pain, traumatic stimulation such as fracture, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and interventional therapy or hemostasis drugs were prone to be diagnosed with VTE (P < 0.05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Liver cancer and thrombosis are rare and have poor prognoses. Liver cancer with thrombosis may be associated with PICC catheterization, traumatic stimulation, or hemostatic drugs. Patients with liver cancer and thrombosis often present with swelling and pain.\u0000","PeriodicalId":345149,"journal":{"name":"Oncology and Translational Medicine","volume":"43 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}