{"title":"Powerful vacuum electron tubes used in European particle accelerators and thermonuclear fusion systems","authors":"M. Thumm","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999230","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on high-power RF tubes used in different types of European particle accelerators and magnetic confinement fusion plasma devices like tokamaks and stellarators.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125633434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Bratman, G. Denisov, G. Kalynova, V. Manuilov, M. Ofitserov, S. Samsonov, A. B. Volkov
{"title":"Broadband efficient low-relativistic gyro-TWT with helically grooved waveguide","authors":"V. Bratman, G. Denisov, G. Kalynova, V. Manuilov, M. Ofitserov, S. Samsonov, A. B. Volkov","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999422","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The gyrotron traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT) is a well-known amplifier variety of the gyro-devices, which may have a wide instantaneous frequency bandwidth because of the operation with an electromagnetic wave possessing large group velocity. For a microwave system in the form of a smooth cylindrical waveguide a large wave group velocity inevitably leads to a large axial wavenumber, which makes this device significantly more sensitive to particle velocity spread in comparison with a gyrotron. The most favorable wave dispersion for a gyro-TWT is that when the wave group velocity is sufficiently large and constant in the region of close-to-zero axial wavenumber. A similar dispersion can be realized in an oversized circular waveguide with special helical ripples of its inner surface A theoretical analysis demonstrates important advantages of the \"helical\" gyro-TWTs over the analogous \"smooth\" ones in sensitivity to electron velocity spread, frequency bandwidth and stability to parasitic self-oscillations. The proof-of-principle experiments exploiting moderately relativistic (200-300 keV) short-pulse (20-100 ns) field-emission electron beams have proved the main theoretical predictions. Based on the first successful experiments and the developed theory, a project was started aimed at the creation of a more applicable device. The main goal of this project is the realization of a Ka-band gyro-TWT with a low-relativistic electron beam produced by a gun with a thermionic cathode.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134152337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Dressman, D. Mcdermott, N. Luhmann, D. Gallagher, T. Spencer
{"title":"Ka-band fundamental-mode peniotron with high device efficiency","authors":"L. Dressman, D. Mcdermott, N. Luhmann, D. Gallagher, T. Spencer","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999333","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The peniotron interaction has been proven capable of yielding extremely high electronic conversion efficiency. Efficiency has been demonstrated as high as 75% (Ishihara et al, 1999) and greater than 80% has been predicted. This inherently high efficiency is due to the nature of the interaction. In the peniotron, the electrons move forward in phase by 360/spl deg/ with each cyclotron orbit. Therefore, the electrons see the transverse component of the resonant wave as a \"DC\" electric field, experience E/spl times/B drift, and lose their transverse energy to the wave. This interaction is optimal for an axis encircling electron beam and for a well designed device (with a high quality beam), the transfer of transverse energy can approach 100% for all electrons in the beam. While high conversion efficiency has been demonstrated, practical application of the peniotron requires that high power be efficiently extracted from the device while immunity from competing gyrotron modes is maintained. The objective of the UCD harmonic peniotron is to achieve high overall device efficiency while insuring stability through the use of a fundamental mode interaction with the second cyclotron harmonic of an axis-encircling beam generated by a Northrop Grumman Cusp gun.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131877610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TWT with combined gyroresonance-gyrotons type of interaction of the waves modes E/sub 11/ and H/sub 11/ with the helical electrons beam in goffered waveguide","authors":"S. Kolosov","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999295","url":null,"abstract":"In work research combined gyroresonance-gyrotons type of interaction large orbit helical electron beam with rotating waves modes E/sub 11/ and H/sub 11/ in circular goffered waveguide is carried out. Results of the carried out researches have shown, that creation highly effective TWT with efficiency /spl sim/78% is possible, thus there taken away as cross and longitudinal energy from an electrons beam.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133635478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"K-band vacuum electron tubes for materials processing: present and future","authors":"M. Thumm, L. Feher","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999428","url":null,"abstract":"From the point of view of standard microwave technology at the frequencies 0.915 GHz and 2.45 GHz, the need for using higher ISM frequencies like 5.85 and 24.15 GHz for materials processing applications has to be carefully verified with respect to special physical/engineering advantages or to limits the standard technology meets for the specific problem. Costs evaluation of industrial millimeter (mm)-wave systems have to be competitive, not only to conventional heating, but also to standard microwave solutions. The most important issue here is the availability of mm-wave generators appropriate in power, size and efficiency. The present paper reports on the state-of-the-art and future of modern 24.15 GHz sources like magnetron, extended interaction oscillator, klystron and gyrotron for industrial processing of materials.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132627170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Neilson, R. Ives, M. Read, M. Mizuhara, T. Robinson, D. Marsden, W. Lawson, B. Hogan
{"title":"Development update of a 10 MW, 91 GHz gyroklystron","authors":"J. Neilson, R. Ives, M. Read, M. Mizuhara, T. Robinson, D. Marsden, W. Lawson, B. Hogan","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999275","url":null,"abstract":"Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. (CCR) is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy to develop a high efficiency gyroklystron amplifier for W-Band linear collider applications. This research supports an international effort to design the next generation of linear electron-positron colliders with anticipated center of mass energies of 0.5 TeV and beyond. In particular, this program supports development of a W-Band accelerator now underway at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. CCR is developing a 91.392 GHz gyroklystron to produce 10 MW of RF power with efficiency greater than 40% and a gain of 55 dB. Achievement of 10 MW of peak power would advance the state of the art for W-Band amplifiers by two orders of magnitude and potentially lead to other applications, including land- and ship-based radar, medical accelerators, and materials processing.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"46 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132724138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I.A. Freydovich, N.A. Kokorev, S. N. Nazarov, V.I. Pasmannik, M.Yu. Vorobiyev, E. P. Yakushkin
{"title":"Klystron with ring resonators for accelerators","authors":"I.A. Freydovich, N.A. Kokorev, S. N. Nazarov, V.I. Pasmannik, M.Yu. Vorobiyev, E. P. Yakushkin","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999370","url":null,"abstract":"One of the important directions of the activity described is design and production of the L- and S-band multi-beam klystrons with megawatt pulse power level to supply the SHF-accelerators. These klystron characteristics are presented. The electrodynamic systems of these multi-beam klystrons (MBK) based on the ring resonators (RR), operate on the oscillating lowest mode E/sub 010/. The considerable pulse current of these klystrons results in the necessity to use the cathode with large total area In this case the toroidal resonator use is hindered because of the difficulties of ensuring the electric field radial uniformity in the interaction gap of the large transversal area.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116525767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation to reduce ion noise and body current behavior in continuous wave traveling wave tubes","authors":"D. Thelen, R. Emerson","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999414","url":null,"abstract":"Ion noise and body current impact the production and operating performance behavior of continuous wave (CW) traveling wave tubes (TWTs). A program was initiated to study these effects and propose methods to reduce them. This study included experimental characterization, theoretical work, and computational modeling. This paper discusses implementation of a proposed ion noise and body current reduction technique construction of a modified-design CW TWT sample. The modified design was developed utilizing computational gun modeling tools with goals of lower potential barriers to ion flow and lower beam scalloping.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116255269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-current processing of microfabricated field emitters for enhanced emission uniformity and high-current-density operation","authors":"P. Schwoebel, C. Spindt, C. Holland","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999263","url":null,"abstract":"We have shown that in situ tip self-heating by the emitted electron current can be used to make the current-voltage characteristics of microfabricated field emitter tips nearly identical to one another. The resulting improved emission uniformity could make it possible to realize the full potential of field-emission cathodes to produce current densities of the order of 10/sup 3/-10/sup 4/ amps/cm/sup 2/ averaged over the area occupied by an array.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115229681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and development of high power window for linear accelerator at 2.856 GHz","authors":"T. Tiwari, A. Shah, C.S. Nainwad","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999431","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with design and development of high power RF window for S-band linear accelerator at spot frequency 2.856 GHz which is capable of handling peak and average powers of 6 MW and 25 kW, respectively, with VSWR and insertion loss 1.1 and 0.1 dB, respectively. The HFSS software is used for computation of diameter and thickness of ceramic and other required parameters. Further, analytical technique is used for calculation of inner diameter of water pipe for effective cooling. All parts of window are fabricated. The window is assembled and tested. The theoretical values of VSWR, insertion loss, and return loss are found in good agreement with corresponding experimental values. Further the effect of variation of thickness, dielectric constant of ceramic and frequency is also studied and it is found that VSWR, insertion loss and return loss are affected. The output parameters are computed with the help of HFSS software. The inner diameter of the adopter used for cooling is calculated with the help analytical technique and it is found to be 5 mm. The essential parts of the window are ceramic, ceramic holding circular waveguide, outer circular waveguide with water adopter, standard waveguide flange, and UHV conflate flange.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114664419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}