{"title":"Study of axial modes in the gyrotron backward-wave oscillator","authors":"T. Chang, K. Pao, C. Fan, S. Chen, K. Chu","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999293","url":null,"abstract":"In a resonator structure, the axial field profile of a cold mode results from constructive superposition of reflected waves at both ends. For the gyromonotron oscillator, end reflections also constitute the feedback loop during the field build-up. The hot mode has essentially the same field profile and oscillation frequency as those of the cold mode. The gyrotron backward-wave oscillator (gyro-BWO), on the other hand, employs a waveguide structure in which no cold resonant modes exist. In addition, the feedback loop consists of the forward moving beam and the backward propagating wave. End reflections in principle play no role in forming the gyro-BWO field. The field pattern of the oscillating mode must then depend entirely on the beam-wave interaction. Field forming processes as well as the resultant axial field profile in the gyro-BWO are thus expected to be fundamentally different from those of the gyromonotron. Indeed, a recent study has shown that the field in the gyro-BWO contracts nonlinearly as the beam current builds up. Here, we examine the mechanisms for the formation of the axial modes in the gyro-BWO in the linear regime.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121069495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Read, G. Miram, R. Ives, V. Ivanov, A. Krasnykh
{"title":"An electron gun for a sheet beam klystron","authors":"M. Read, G. Miram, R. Ives, V. Ivanov, A. Krasnykh","doi":"10.1109/ICIMW.2002.1076125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMW.2002.1076125","url":null,"abstract":"Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. is developing rectangular, gridded, thermionic, dispenser-cathode gun for sheet beam devices. The first application is expected to be klystrons for use in advanced particle accelerators and colliders. The current generation of accelerators typically use klystrons with a cylindrical beam generated by a Pierce-type electron gun. As RF power is pushed to higher levels, space charge forces in the electron beam limit the amount of current that can be transmitted at a given voltage. The options are to increase the beam voltage leading to problems with X-ray shielding and modulator and power supply design, or to develop new techniques for lowering the space charge forces in the electron beam. The current program addresses issues related to beam formation at the emitter surface, design and implementation of shadow and control grids in a rectangular geometry, and is directed toward a robust, cost-effective, and reliable mechanical design. A prototype device will be developed that will operate at 415 kV, 250 A and be designed for an 80 MW, X-Band, sheet-beam klystron. The cathode will have 100 cm/sup 2/ of cathode area with an average cathode current loading of 2.5 A/cm/sup 2/. For short pulse formation, the use of a grid was chosen. We will report the electrostatic and beam optics design in both 2- and 3-D as well as a thermal-mechanical analysis of the cathode region.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124230385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel wide-band high-transmission window for high-frequency microwave tubes","authors":"Ming-Chieh Lin, D. Chuu","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999345","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present a new window design for high-frequency microwave tubes, which eliminates most of the disadvantages and also permits broadband operation and high power output. The window is thick enough to be easily brazed and it exhibits a wide bandwidth and high transmission. The design is carried out for a 35 GHz Ka-band traveling wave tube. The numerical simulation is performed via the finite-element code, high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). The results show that the bandwidth for the transmission of 99, i.e., S/sub 11/ below -20 dB, can be optimized to be about 8.75 GHz or 25. This design is novel and has general significance. A wide-bandwidth window for a W-band tube can be easily designed and fabricated, or even higher frequency.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124408869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Chang, Duk-Kun Suh, Chun-Bae Lee, Won-Woo Eom, Jea-Jin Cha, Dang-Won Kim, H. Ha
{"title":"Mass production of magnetron for microwave oven","authors":"K. Chang, Duk-Kun Suh, Chun-Bae Lee, Won-Woo Eom, Jea-Jin Cha, Dang-Won Kim, H. Ha","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999232","url":null,"abstract":"The magnetrons for microwave oven have been developed for good quality and low price until now. This is closely related to the technique of mass production. The schematic of magnetron for microwave oven is shown in this article. This structure is adaptable to mass production because of easily assembling. The detail assembly process will be described.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124866938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated cathode testing","authors":"R. Longo, W. Tighe, C. Harrison","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999390","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Comprehensive evaluation of dispenser-type cathodes during development and optimization programs requires a wide range of in-situ diagnostics tests. These tests include Auger surface analysis, cathode activity, cathode current stability, barium evaporation rate, and robustness to poisons. A unique, sophisticated experimental chamber has been developed at EDD for the purpose of evaluating M-cathodes. The apparatus consists of three interconnected vacuum chambers: the insertion chamber, the life test chamber and the specimen test chamber. The insertion chamber can be vented to atmospheric pressure without disturbing either the life test or specimen test chamber. Once loaded, the gate valve to the specimen test chamber can be opened and the cathodes can be transported to a holding platform in the specimen test chamber. This chamber is equipped with an electron gun, Auger spectrometer, secondary electron detector, an ion gun, a bare filament quadrupole mass spectrometer and an anode grid. This permits complete testing of the surface conditions and emission properties in the main chamber.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124926393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orotron with magnetic nonuniformity - advanced millimeter waves source","authors":"E. Odarenko, A. Shmat’ko, A. Tsvyk","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999260","url":null,"abstract":"The millimeter waves Smith-Purcell effect oscillator - orotron with a non-uniform focusing magnetostatic field - is considered. The magnetic nonuniformity is shaped near the surface of slow-wave structure (grating) by means of the magnetic cylinder. A schematic of the device is illustrated, where MN stands for the cross-section of the magnetic cylinder, which distorts the spatial distribution of a focusing field induction.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125323092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Shin, G. Park, S.T. Han, J.I. Kim, G. Scheitrum, B. Arfin, S.S. Chang
{"title":"Design of W-band coupled-cavity TWT by LIGA fabrication","authors":"Y. Shin, G. Park, S.T. Han, J.I. Kim, G. Scheitrum, B. Arfin, S.S. Chang","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999255","url":null,"abstract":"The ladder-core structure of coupled-cavity TWTs with dual in-line coupling has attracted interest in a high-power mm-wave amplifier. The limit of practical power is 10kW using a solenoid-focused electron beam. The main goal of this paper is to design a circuit capable of producing up to 20kW with a moderate bandwidth and a PPM focusing system. Two-step LIGA is employed for this CCTWT design in order to eliminate the machining required for the beam tunnel and coupling slots and eliminate almost all post-LIGA machining steps.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126734569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High power Cusp guns","authors":"D. Gallagher, P. Frawley, K. Kreischer, V. Heinen","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999374","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the final test results of a 3.5-A Cusp gun (original design) and the status of the development of an 8-A Cusp gun (high perveance design). Both guns are designed to operate at 70 kV with beam alpha (transverse to axial velocity ratio) = 1.5, beam ripple < 10%, and axial velocity spread < 5%. The Cusp gun produces the axis encircling electron beam required for high harmonic gyrotrons and peniotrons. Cooperative experiments are planned at the University of California - Davis (UCD) to test devices operating at 35 GHz in the 2/sup nd/ harmonic and at 94 GHz in the 6/sup th/ harmonic, using these Cusp guns. The long-term goal is to develop a compact, sixth harmonic, 25-50 kW, 94 GHz peniotron or gyrotron that is focused by permanent magnets and uses the high perveance Cusp gun.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122294866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. G. Rozhnev, N. Ryskin, D. V. Sokolov, D. Trubetskov, S.T. Han, J.I. Kim, G. Park
{"title":"Novel concepts of vacuum microelectronic microwave devices with field emitter cathode arrays","authors":"A. G. Rozhnev, N. Ryskin, D. V. Sokolov, D. Trubetskov, S.T. Han, J.I. Kim, G. Park","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999265","url":null,"abstract":"Circumstances have resulted in a search to find new schematics for amplifiers and oscillators with field emitter arrays (FEA) turning to \"classic\" vacuum microwave devices. This report contains a review of several new devices that seem to be promising. The microelectronic analogs of traveling wave klystron (TWK), klystrode and cross-field amplifier (CFA) are described. Basic output parameters (gain, efficiency, etc.) of these devices are calculated.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128637107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design optimisation of multistage depressed collectors for high efficiency travelling wave tubes using genetic algorithm","authors":"T. Ghosh, R. Carter","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999313","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a symmetric and an asymmetric collector has been optimised using the genetic algorithm. The improvement in collector efficiency in both cases is remarkable.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121349888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}