{"title":"Ka-band extended interaction klystrons (EIKs) for satellite communication equipment","authors":"M. Hyttinen, P. Horoyski, A. Roitman","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999400","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The VKA2400 series of Ka-band EIKs (extended interaction klystrons), for use in satellite communications, are described. They are fixed tuned, wide-bandwidth, permanent magnet focussed amplifiers operating in the 26.5 GHz to 35 GHz range. These flexible devices are capable of producing continuous wave power over 1000 W. Instantaneous bandwidths over 600 MHz are available. The unique multi-gap feature of the EIK significantly increases efficiency compared to a conventional single gap klystron at Ka-band. Electronic efficiencies (excluding collector depression) up to 28% have been achieved. Performance data on the Ka-band EIK is presented, enabling the system engineer to confidently characterize system performance.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114720359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discrete-state simulated annealing for traveling-wave tube slow-wave circuit optimization","authors":"Jeffrey D. Wilson, B. A. Bulson, C. Kory","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999283","url":null,"abstract":"Algorithms based on simulated annealing (SA) have proven useful in designing traveling-wave tube (TWT) slow-wave circuits for high RF power efficiency. The main disadvantage of SA is that there is not a rigorous theoretical foundation for determining the cooling schedule parameters. The choice of these parameters is highly problem dependent and the designer needs to experiment in order to determine values that will provide a good optimization in a reasonable amount of computational time. In order to eliminate this disadvantage, a variation of SA known as discrete-state simulated annealing (DSSA) (Cantelmi, 2000) was recently developed. DSSA provides the theoretical foundation for a generic cooling schedule which is problem independent. Results of similar quality to SA can be obtained with significantly fewer iterations and without the extra computational time required to tune the cooling parameters. An algorithm based on DSSA was developed and programmed into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet GUI to the 2D nonlinear multisignal helix traveling-wave amplifier analysis program TWA3 (MacGregor, 1993). The algorithm optimizes the computed RF power efficiency of a TWT by determining the phase velocity profile of the slow-wave circuit.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115804585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation of the diamond-film field emission arrays with parallel emitter, gates and in-plan lens","authors":"B. Zeng, Yang Liu, Zhonghai Yang, Shangjie Qian","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999343","url":null,"abstract":"Diamond has recently been considered as one of the most appropriate and promising cold-cathode material for field emission displays (FED) due to its several important advantages, such as very small work function, chemically and physically stability, thermal conductivity. Our previous work shows that the emitted electrons from single gated planar diamond films are spread out. For many applications, beam collimation is necessary. For instance, in the application of FEAs to flat-panel technology, beam collimation is important for reducing pixel cross talk in small, high-resolution displays. In this article, we demonstrate a novel focusing mechanism of the gated diamond film emitter.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130177901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and performance of vacuum electron devices for digital communications","authors":"D. Goebel, W. Menninger","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999229","url":null,"abstract":"In this talk, microwave amplifier performance requirements for modern digital communications will be discussed with examples of some design optimizations, link analysis and modulation scheme impacts on the system performance.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133512562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A simulated annealing algorithm for the optimization of multistage depressed collector efficiency","authors":"K. R. Vaden, J.D. Wilson, B. A. Bulson","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999316","url":null,"abstract":"The microwave traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) is widely used as a high-power transmitting source for space and airborne communications. One critical factor in designing a TWTA is the overall efficiency. However, overall efficiency is highly dependent upon collector efficiency; so collector design is critical to the performance of a TWTA. Therefore, NASA Glenn Research Center has developed an optimization algorithm based on Simulated Annealing to quickly design highly efficient multi-stage depressed collectors (MDC).","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133673767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The design of the transition region in coupled-cavity TWT","authors":"T. Kageyama","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999282","url":null,"abstract":"In connecting a coupled-cavity circuit to a waveguide, it is often necessary to use transition cavities for broadband impedance matching. This paper describes numerical models to determine parameters of transition cavities. As an example of use of the proposed method, performance of a 35 GHz, 600 W coupled-cavity TWT (CCTWT) are compared with both computed and measured results.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132099515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coining manufacturing process for high power TWTs and TWTAs","authors":"R. Pyles, R. S. Kim","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999352","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Today's industry requires higher power and frequency to meet increasing demands. Heat shrink and cold shrink are the best current manufacturing methods to assemble circuit assembly to barrel assembly to ensure quality. However, the coining process has interesting potential for manufacturing high power TWTs because the process greatly reduces production time and increases yield. Power fade is no longer a problem. TWTs have been successfully developed using the coining process at 10 W, 26.5/spl sim/40 GHz. Current development is at 30 W, 30 GHz/spl plusmn/100 MHz with no power fade as a result of more efficient heat transfer from the traveling wave tube (TWT) to the base plate. The goal is to develop a TWT at 50 W, 26.5/spl sim/40 GHz.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128863413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Lawson, B. Hogan, S. Gouveia, B. Huebschman, V. Granatstein
{"title":"Development of Ku-band frequency-doubling coaxial gyroklystrons for accelerator applications","authors":"W. Lawson, B. Hogan, S. Gouveia, B. Huebschman, V. Granatstein","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999271","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. At the University of Maryland, we have been exploring the possibility of using gyroklystrons to drive advanced linear colliders above X-band. We have designed and tested a high-gain four-cavity frequency-doubling system to enable us to use a phase-stable TWT driver. We have also designed an output waveguide system which transforms the power from the output waveguide and equally divides it into two standard WR62 rectangular waveguides. The scheme involves a rippled wall converter to convert the TE/sub 02/ mode to the TE/sub 01/ mode, then a custom converter to produce the TE/sub 20/ mode in the rectangular guide, followed by linear tapers and a standard bifurcation. We hope to use this transport system to energize and test Ku-band accelerator structures. In this paper, we present the experimental results of our four-cavity frequency doubling coaxial gyroklystron. The beam voltage and current are 460 kV and 540 A, respectively, and the applied magnetic field is about 5 kG. The expected interaction efficiency and gain at our design point are 34% and 61 dB, respectively. We also present design and test results for a number of other subsystems. We compare the theoretical calculations with the cold test results for each of the components used in the output waveguide system and present amplitude and phase balance measurements for the two output rectangular waveguides. Finally, we describe efforts to improve beam quality via modifications in emitter design and manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127807349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polyspectral techniques for nonlinear system modeling and distortion compensation","authors":"C.P. Silva, A. Moulthrop, M. Muha","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999397","url":null,"abstract":"The major approach used to address the power issue in communication equipment is to nonlinearly operate transmitter and transponder high-power amplifiers (HPAs), whether solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs) or traveling-wave tube amplifiers (TWTAs). This, however, leads to unwanted distortion that must itself be compensated. The computer-aided design (CAD) and evaluation of such systems is crucial to their expedient and successful development. A polyspectral approach is described here using an accurate baseband time-domain measurement system (BTDMS). The basic polyspectral model architecture consists of parallel signal paths, one linear, and the remainder nonlinear with memory, consisting of either a filter-nonlinearity (FN) or nonlinearity-filter (NF) configuration, with each path representing a term in the operator series. A complex baseband variant of the NF-type model is described that is especially suitable for application to HPAs. An example is given using a 20-GHz helix development TWTA, with a bandwidth in the order of 6 GHz, and the results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"18 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124338371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies of relativistic backward wave oscillator with low magnetic field","authors":"S. Korovin, V. Rostov, E.M. Totmeninov","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2002.999257","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The one of applications of the relativistic Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO) is its use as a source of high power pulsed microwaves for nanosecond radiolocation To realise of 10 GHz high-power nanosecond radar, superconductive magnets were employed. Strong axial magnetic field (3 T) produced by the magnets provided the formation of a thin-wall tubular electron beam with low transverse velocities and its transportation through a slow-wave structure (SWS). The application of strong magnetic fields is inspired by the fact that the BWO efficiency tends to decrease, as the field value becomes lower. Two effects cause this. The first is due to cyclotron resonant interaction between the electrons and backward electromagnetic wave, so as a result the wave power is converted into transverse oscillations of electrons (resonant field is about 1.3 T for 500 keV electron energy and 10 GHz frequency). The second is determined by the deficiently high quality of the electron beam produced in the coaxial magnetically insulated vacuum diode with cold emission cathode. The level of 0.5-0.7 T was of primary concern because the permanent magnets in this case are real. The interest in improving the BWO efficiency in a low magnetic field were connected with idea of increasing the diameters of the SWS and cathode. This allows a reduction in the transverse electric fields both near the cathode and inside the SWS which makes the transverse interaction less important. However, for an oversized SWS the mode selection should be provided.","PeriodicalId":344852,"journal":{"name":"Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02EX524)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115035089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}