African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of the Theory of Liberalism on the United Nations’ and African Union’s Approach to Global Peace and Security","authors":"William Hermann Arrey","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-gwphexew","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-gwphexew","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a critical analysis of the impact (influence) of the theory of liberalism on the United Nations’ (UN) and Africa Union’s (AU) approach to global peace and security. There are various and sometimes conflicting theories of international relations relating to how world politics functions, including international and regional peace and security. Which theory of international relations and peace would explain the United Nations' role in promoting worldwide peace and security, as well as the African Union's role in promoting regional peace and security within the African continent? Even though this question is difficult to answer and no single theory can fully capture the complexities surrounding the issues at hand, this article contends that the liberal peace framework has had a profound influence on the creation of the United Nations and the African Union, as well as their roles in international and regional peace and security. To this purpose, the study adopts a qualitative critical research strategy with secondary data collection and analytical approaches which comprise characterizing, thematizing, and contextualizing the topic at hand. The paper explains how liberalism influenced the essential thinking, values and norms, institutional legitimacy and mandate. It also conceptualizes and operationalizes peace and security concerns at the UN and AU. This is tied to UN-led global action which, when paired with the AU's considerable continental role, illustrates liberalism's impact in terms of laws, conventions, principles, and practices, facilitating cooperative peacebuilding efforts. Despite some critical theoretical and practical shortcomings, this paper argues that liberalism is still essential to achieving the UN’s and AU's, agenda for global peace and security.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129402968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time Series Analysis of Crime Rate in Osun State Nigeria Using Skellam Garch(1,1) Models","authors":"Semiu A.A., Ankeli U.C.","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-jbs2kw8k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-jbs2kw8k","url":null,"abstract":"The manifestation of urban crime and other social vices causing anti-moral, anti-social behaviours as well as criminal damage to both public and private properties in Nigeria with the consequential effect of spontaneous and uncontrollable urban growth, high-level poverty rate, distortion of city peace and tranquillity has become an issue of national discourse. The paper employed ARCH and Skellam GARCH models to forecast the likely crime rate trend within the next five years. The Skellam-GARCH model performs better as a crime forecasting model than the ARCH model.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115417493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ansaru and its Islamic Radicalization in the Lake Chad Basin","authors":"Ekanem E.A., Nnaji E.O., Kefas I.N.","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-pmwcq4ju","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-pmwcq4ju","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at exploring the dynamics of Ansaru’s movement as it affected Lake Chad Basin. The study adopted descriptive design that depended on the Judgmental Sampling technique. Secondary sources (books, journal articles, monographs, conference papers, including internet materials) of data collection were sourced form Nigerian libraries and internet. These documentary materials were subjected to content validation before analyzing the study in the qualitative form. Notwithstanding the fact that frustration-aggression theory has deepened the understanding of the Islamic radicalization in the Lake Chad Basin, Ansaru’s insurgency continues unabated. Findings revealed that economic factors, religious ideology and weak institutions triggered the motivation for Ansaru’s Islamic radicalization in the Lake Chad Basin. The religious movement has led to insecurity, human rights abuses, humanitarian and economic crisis. Member states of Lake Chad Basin had adopted hard and soft approaches, while the United States, France, United Kingdom, China and Israel had rendered assistance towards mitigating the extremism though with little success. The study recommends good governance, strong institutions, ideological re-orientation and international cooperation as panacea for the Ansaru’s Islamic radicalization in the Lake Chad Basin.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125846425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nigerian National Question and State Sponsorship of Terrorism in Igbo","authors":"C. O. Okwelum","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-fbgofppi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-fbgofppi","url":null,"abstract":"The Igbos in eastern Nigeria are stigmatised and marginalised. Since the last war, every effort has been made to shortchange them. Their desire to be welcomed back into the mainstream of the federal state system has always been rebuffed. The return to civil rule in 1999 even accentuated the marginalisation than bringing it to bail. They then took back to separatist agitation which is familiar terrain for the Igbo. But the Igbo still have found no respite. The Federal government of Buhari which the Igbo had never supported or voted for in the previous elections of 2007, 2011, 2015 and 2019 schemed to infiltrate the Igbo with the virus of herdsmen and terrorist incursions. The resistance of the Igbo still rattles and aggravated the Buhari state characterizing the Igbo as ‘a dot on a circle’. This Study which employs the doctrinal method looks critically into the motive behind insurgency and terrorism in the Igbo of the southeast. It finds that genuine security structures which Igbo have put in place to secure the southeast heartland are being undermined by both the Federal and the State governments. They are viewed within the suspicious spectrum of separatist agitation while those instituted and used by the State are destabilising Ndigbo, prevaricating and inducing more bloodshed in Igbo. It concludes that genuine efforts should be made by the Federal government to reconcile with the Igbo and come away from the pre-war disposition of the Nigerian state against the Igbo.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115396097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign Debt and Economic Development in Nigeria (2015 - 2020)","authors":"Oguora Mmesoma Cynthia","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-1jbl1tpt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-1jbl1tpt","url":null,"abstract":"This study carried out an empirical analysis of foreign debt and economic development in Nigeria covering the period 2015 – 2020. The study used an ex post facto research design, which is based on examining the independent and dependent variables after events have already occurred and using data that is already available in order to determine the relationship between the variables. In order to gather data for this study, a documentary method based on the examination of documents and materials was used. Documentary methods are the procedures used to classify, examine, and analyze documents, whether they are in the public or private domain. To analyze the data generated from this study, the study relied on qualitative descriptive analysis. The major findings of the study are that there are other intervening variables that affect economic growth in addition to health and poverty indicators, external debt is viewed as being harmful to a nation's ability to advance economically, and given the impact of debt to the living standard of the Nigeria people, health expenditure on economics, it could be deduced that even though health expenditure increases, it could have a negligible impact on economic growth if it is not maximized effectively to produce improved health outcomes. It is therefore the recommendation of the study that government should diversify the nation's export base so as to increase export earnings and promote industrialization in order to reduce import dependency as a high exchange rate will make our goods more attractive in the foreign market and will increase foreign exchange earnings.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131853124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Implications of Political Tenure Instability of Elected Local Government Officials on Grassroots Development of Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"Ugorji H.I., U. J, Nkwocha E.E.","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-auty1n02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-auty1n02","url":null,"abstract":"Political tenure instability in the Local Government Areas of the elected chairmen and counsellors have been a common phenomenon in Nigeria. This general phenomenon has its beginning from the military era (1966–1998) and has not changed much even with the return of the country to democratic governance in 1999. Nigeria has 36 states and 774 local government areas. Nearly 90% of these local government areas are without chairmen and counsellors. In their place, state governors set up caretaker committees that are now saddled with local governance. This paper provided insights on the causes and effects of this trend on the local government system in particular and grassroots development in general with special reference to the southeastern region of Nigeria. It was concluded that if this practice is not stemmed, particularly as the country’s democracy flourishes, sustainable development goals at the local levels will not be achieved. The paper recommended measures that could be used to put a permanent end to this political quagmire.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124389178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Civil Service Efficiency: Leveraging on Electronic Administration Tools","authors":"Nwinyokpugi N.P., Dornanu L.","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-jdqam9cd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-jdqam9cd","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the relationship between electronic administration strategies and organisational efficiency of the civil service sector in Rivers State, Nigeria. Digital administration provides governments with an effective and efficient channel to facilitate their internal administrations and will improve their external services, thereby increasing transparency and generating a higher degree of trust. This study used a descriptive research technique through the adoption of a cross-sectional survey design. Twenty ministries were conveniently sampled for this study. The instrument of data collection employed to obtain relevant data for analysis was a structured close-ended questionnaire. The study population comprised twenty (20) out of the twenty-five (25) ministries in Rivers State civil service sector as released by Rivers State Government of Nigeria. Two (2) copies of the questionnaires were administered to 40 census senior management members (director and deputy director) from the twenty (20) ministries, giving a total of forty (40) respondents. The data were analysed using Pearson's Product Movement Correlation statistic. The results of analysed data showed that the dimensions of electronic administration strategies, which included but were not limited to enterprise content management, electronic transaction, document management system and workflow management system, significantly correlated positively with the measures of organisational efficiency being cost reduction and quality service delivery. The finding also showed a high moderating effect of information and communication technology on electronic administration strategies and organisational efficiency in the civil service sector, Rivers State, Nigeria. Relying on the empirical findings, the study concluded that electronic administrative strategies have a positive significant relationship with organisational efficiency. It is therefore recommended that enterprise content management, electronic transaction, document management system and workflow management system identified in this study should be utilised as they enhance organisational efficiency.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127917420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nigerian State and Democratic Governance: A Need for Revisitation of Democratic Ethos","authors":"Deinibiteim M.H., Maureen O.H.","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-dgozicik","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-dgozicik","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the practice of democracy in Nigeria, bearing in mind the tenets of democracy. Democracy has been accepted as the most viable and sustainable form of government by world leaders and is used to determine the extent of freedom enjoyed in different countries of the world. However, the availability of the freedom it offers in Nigeria is questionable. This is largely due to the lack of democratic principles such as free, fair and credible elections, mass participation in the governance processes, independence of the judiciary, rule of law, etc. While successive governments since 1999 have verbalized efforts at strengthening democratic ethos/culture in the country, observers are of the view that the democratic practice in Nigeria is a far cry from the acceptable norms. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to examine the extent to which democratic ethos have been institutionalized in the Nigerian State. The study adopted the Participatory Theory of democracy, its main idea being the provision of greater involvement and control over all governmental laws and non-governmental rules pertaining to the citizens, and to analyze the imperative to revisit the practice of democracy in Nigeria. The study relied mainly on secondary data focusing on the nature and character of democratic governance in the country. The study revealed that efforts at institutionalizing democracy, enhancing mass participation as well as achieving development had not yielded the desired outcomes in the country. This is evident in the increasing rate of electoral violence that characterizes elections over the years in the country. The paper concluded that, for Nigeria to substantially deliver the “dividends of democracy” to the people, the state must revisit the culture and practice of democracy in the country. The study recommended, among other things, that the state should strive to uphold the rule of law at all times, ensure judicial independence, enhance mass participation in the governance processes and efforts should also be made to guarantee free, fair and credible elections.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129306736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tax Rate Chargeable on Landed Properties in Tafa Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"B. S.D., Ja’afar A.A.Z.","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-y61ukkdt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-y61ukkdt","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates tax rate chargeable on landed properties in Tafa Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria, with a view to providing relevant information on the potentials of the tax as a source of local revenue generation which can be used for the provision of services and amenities. Data for this study was sourced from the records of landed properties assessed for taxation, tax rate chargeable and record of property tax collections available in the local government official records. Tables were used in analyzing and presenting the result for the study. The result of the study shows that tax rate chargeable on landed properties range from as low as N2, 000 to N120, 000. The result also indicates that there were different types of landed property tax collected in Tafa Local Government Area, such as title registration fee, tenement rate, survey fee, approval of building plan, ground rent, and change of land use. The study also shows that there are different types of landed properties on which tax is collected in Tafa Local Government Area. They include residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational and educational properties. There has been increased tax collection on landed properties in the study area from 2013–2016 due to more compliance and development of landed properties within the period. It is recommended that the local government administration should embark on a land ownership registration programme and automation of databases on landed property, establishment of an awareness forum by the local government where taxpayers would be sensitized and enlightened on the importance of land tax, and ensure proper valuation of landed properties for taxation.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122448137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of the Leadership-Sustainable Development Nexus: Bayelsa State, Nigeria","authors":"Etekpe A., Dan-Woniowei F.D., Koko E.I., Ogroh S.E.","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-opjxgmhk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-opjxgmhk","url":null,"abstract":"The present Bayelsa State, Nigeria was part of the Niger Delta region, described by the Henry Willink Commission (HWC) report as “poor, backward and neglected” in 1958; and urged the federal government to establish an agency to develop the area/people. The people never wanted an agency, rather a state; and when the agency – Niger Delta Development Board was established in 1961, it couldn’t develop the area. This prompted perennial agitations until Bayelsa state was created, along with 5 others – Ebony, Ekiti, Gombe, Katsina and Zamfara (BEE-GKZ) in 1996. After 24 years, the area is still least developed, even within the 6 states; and the problem was traced to bad leadership (i.e., governors). Thus, the study aimed at interrogating the nexus between leadership and sustainable development (SD), as well as, comparing and contrasting the level of SD with the other 5 states on 6 critical indices developed by the researchers between 1999 and 2020. It adopted the ‘CAABA model’ of development, along with the “people – task orientation leadership” of the Michigan Studies in 1950 as theoretical frameworks; and applied a combination of descriptive survey and historical design of data collection. The instruments containing 3 questions were given to scholars/experts in the Niger Delta University for face and construct validity, and subjected to reliability test. Data was presented in table and analysed in qualitative and quantitative formats; and the study recommended some drastic improvements in the recruitment processes of political executives (governors) by political parties and Nigerians by insisting on strict adherence to guidelines on internal democracy during party primaries. The implication is that without improvement, the political executives shall ‘drag’ Nigeria to become a ‘failed state’.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121857703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}