African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration最新文献

{"title":"A Comparative Review of the European Union Observation Mission’s Reports on the Nigerian 2019 and 2023 General Elections","authors":"Olugbile David Olaleye","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-3whwjxyg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-3whwjxyg","url":null,"abstract":"One of the means of knowing if a democracy is making progress is through successful successive elections and one of the ways to gauge the success of an election is to look into the reports of the various observation missions and groups that observed and monitored that election. The European Union Election Observation Mission (EU EOM) is one of the credible observation missions that have monitored Nigerian elections since Nigeria returned to civil rule in 1999. The reports of the Mission have helped to show the good, the bad, and the worst of the Nigerian brand of electoral process. Unlike the observation reports of the international organizations that Nigeria belongs to like the Commonwealth, the African Union and the ECOWAS, the EU EOM report is usually devoid of the element of a \"progress report\" as enunciated by Kelly (2012), the reports are more factual and more relatable. The paper submits that for a democracy to make genuine progress through its electoral process, its election needs to be observed by factual electoral observation groups in the mold of EU EOM, despite the expected claim of foreign interference by the indicted party in an election.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"11 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Review of the European Union Observation Mission’s Reports on the Nigerian 2019 and 2023 General Elections","authors":"Olugbile David Olaleye","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-3whwjxyg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-3whwjxyg","url":null,"abstract":"One of the means of knowing if a democracy is making progress is through successful successive elections and one of the ways to gauge the success of an election is to look into the reports of the various observation missions and groups that observed and monitored that election. The European Union Election Observation Mission (EU EOM) is one of the credible observation missions that have monitored Nigerian elections since Nigeria returned to civil rule in 1999. The reports of the Mission have helped to show the good, the bad, and the worst of the Nigerian brand of electoral process. Unlike the observation reports of the international organizations that Nigeria belongs to like the Commonwealth, the African Union and the ECOWAS, the EU EOM report is usually devoid of the element of a \"progress report\" as enunciated by Kelly (2012), the reports are more factual and more relatable. The paper submits that for a democracy to make genuine progress through its electoral process, its election needs to be observed by factual electoral observation groups in the mold of EU EOM, despite the expected claim of foreign interference by the indicted party in an election.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"126 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139842876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sports as an Instrument of Foreign Policy Under the Military Rule in Nigeria: 1976-1996","authors":"Olugbile David Olaleye","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-ows2lxu8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-ows2lxu8","url":null,"abstract":"The importance and popularity of sports among the nations of the world is huge. Sports are among the few common denominators for all the nations of the world irrespective of their respective political ideologies and religious inclinations. Through sports, enemies in political and ideological realms can compete between and among each other in an atmosphere of peace. Over the years, world leaders have used sports as an instrument of foreign policy. They do that in both positive and negative ways. Sports are deployed positively when they are used to boost friendship or to support a noble cause and they are used negatively when they are deployed as an instrument of sanctions. This paper shows how sports were used as an instrument of foreign policy in Nigeria by three military regimes of Olusegun Obasanjo, Ibrahim Babangida and Sanni Abacha. Olusegun Obasanjo's regime pulled out Nigeria's Olympic contingents from participating in the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal, Canada. Ten years later, the regime of Ibrahim Babangida led other Anglophone countries to boycott the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland; and in 1996 General Sanni Abacha stopped the Super Eagles from defending the title they won in the previous edition of the African Cup of Nations. Details of these boycotts and their political implications are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Appraisal of the Use of Plea Bargaining in the Nigerian Justice System","authors":"Olugbile David Olaleye","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-fswjypti","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-fswjypti","url":null,"abstract":"Plea bargaining as an instrument of justice dispensing has been vilified by many judicial actors and political commentators. This is due to the popular opinion that it favors corrupt high-ranking public and private officials when they are made to face the law. This opinion is anchored on the Marxist school of thought that emphasizes the economic power of the political actors above other societal elements, including the justice system. However, this study reveals that plea bargaining principles also have its merits. Among the identified merits is the fact that plea bargaining helps to reduce the cost of ligation and other associated costs that the State needs to bear in the course of prosecuting corrupt suspects. Also, by deciding cases summarily and speedily through plea bargaining, the court can have time for other cases that need speedy attention thereby ensuring that those concerns receive timely justice. Plea bargaining as an instrument of justice dispensing needs to be encouraged albeit with modifications. The modification should include an element of sufficient deterrence, despite the cooperation of the accused. The essay suggests how to balance the gains of plea bargaining with thorough and truthful dispensing of justice. I submit that plea bargaining is not unjust but there must be a legal framework within the Nigerian justice system that will be a template that will prescribe when, how and for which case the principle can be applied.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"55 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Government Election Management in Lagos State and the Influence Of A Zero-Sum Game","authors":"Olugbile David Olaleye","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-gsd8stto","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-gsd8stto","url":null,"abstract":"By intent and definition, the Local Government in a democracy is supposed to be the closest government to the people and its administrator should be decided by its residents through a free and fair election. But in Nigeria, the works of the election management bodies that conduct Local Government elections in the States are cumbersome because the Governors have substantial control over them. For instance, the Chairman of the Lagos States Independent Electoral Commission is nominated by the Governor, who also has a major stake in the outcome of Local Government elections. The Local Government election in Nigeria is a zero-sum game for the ruling party in the State, as election into all the Local Government administrative centers is seen as a 'must-win' for the party of the Governor. One of the reasons for this is that Local Governments in Nigeria receive a monthly statutory allocation from the National Revenue. Also, local government official positions that include: the Chairman, Vice Chairman, Supervisory Councilors and other Councilors are used by the Governors and other ruling elites in the States to ‘settle’ loyal party members in their localities. This paper uses Lagos State to highlight the reality of the management of local government elections in Nigeria. It submits that the mode of configuration and procedure of local government election administration must be changed to a more transparent and unbiased one before the election can be taken seriously by the residents of the State.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nigeria’s Electoral Integrity and Bimodal Voter Accreditation System: An Assessment of Public Opinion and Voting Behavior","authors":"Apalowo T.O., Osigwe A.C., Adejumo O.A.","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-pue9qojb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-pue9qojb","url":null,"abstract":"In the pursuit to enhance public electoral participation, lately the electoral body introduced the adoption of a twin-technology i.e. Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS) and INEC Election Result Viewing Portal (IReV), in subsequent elections. The efficacy of the twin-technology has raised a lot of apprehensions. Thus, it is against this backdrop this study assessed the public opinions and voting behaviours as regarding the worthiness and integrity of new Electoral Act with reference to INEC adoption of BVAS and IReV in Nigeria subsequent elections. The study adopted a survey research design, where data were primarily sourced from randomly sampled 400 Abuja municipal residents using questionnaires. Specifically, the study utilized descriptive analysis methods these include frequencies, percentages, charts and word-cloud in analyzing respondents views as regard awareness of the use of BVAS and IReV in Nigeria elections. It also employed the Fisher’s Exact Test to assess effects of the twin-technology awareness and its adoption on the public confidence in electoral process vis-à-vis their voting behaviour. The empirical findings from the descriptive analysis of the respondents revealed that there is great level of awareness among the public as regard the use of BVAS and IReV in subsequent elections in the country. Also, the study showed that respondents were full of praises for the innovation of the technology in Nigeria elections. Moreover, the Fisher’s Exact results showed that public awareness of use of BVAS and IReV positively influenced the public PVC collection rate. Howbeit, it revealed that public awareness of use of BVAS and IReV positively influenced voters’ turnout in subsequent General Election, if and only if electoral misconducts can be downcast. Thus, the study recommended that INEC could ensure full implementation and deployment of BVAS and IReV technology in coming (subsequent) elections. Also, INEC with NBA collaboration could ensure all electoral misconducts perpetrators are brought to justice as this would downcast electoral misconducts in the country and thereby enhancing voters’ turnout.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128571676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trafficking in Human: A Modern-Day Slavery Against the Third World States","authors":"Faruk A., Ibrahim D.T., Danjuma I.F.","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-x7k8zaxz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-x7k8zaxz","url":null,"abstract":"Trafficking in Human is the trade of humans for the purpose of forced labour, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may encompass providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the extraction of organs or tissues, including for surrogacy and ova removal. Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. Human trafficking is a crime against the person because of the violation of the victim's rights of movement through coercion and because of their commercial exploitation. Human trafficking is the trade in people, especially women and children, and does not necessarily involve the movement of the person from one place to another. People smuggling (also called human smuggling and migrant smuggling) is a related practice which is characterized by the consent of the person being smuggled. Smuggling situations can descend into human trafficking through coercion and exploitation.People are held against their will through acts of coercion, and forced to work for or provide services to the trafficker or others. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), forced labour alone (one component of human trafficking) generates an estimated $150 billion in profits per annum as of 2014. In 2012, the ILO estimated that 21 million victims are trapped in modern-day slavery. Of these, 14.2 million (68%) were exploited for labour, 4.5 million (22%) were sexually exploited, and 2.2 million (10%) were exploited in state-imposed forced labor. The International Labor Organization has reported that child workers, minorities, and irregular migrants are at considerable risk of more extreme forms of exploitation. Statistics shows that over half of the world's 215 million young workers are observed to be in hazardous sectors, including forced sex work and forced street begging. Ethnic minorities and highly marginalized groups of people are highly estimated to work in some of the most exploitative and damaging sectors, such as leather tanning, mining, and stone quarry work. Human trafficking is the third largest crime industry in the world, behind drug dealing and arms trafficking, and is the fastest-growing activity of trans-national criminal organizations.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128280602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Futility of War and its Traumatic Effect on Women: A Study of Ade-Okere's Forest Dames","authors":"U. N., Ngozi O.J., Ugwu C.A.","doi":"10.52589/jarms-gnraznua","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/jarms-gnraznua","url":null,"abstract":"War is futile and should be discouraged in its entirety by any individual, group, society or nation. Young men who never witnessed any war in their lifetime clamour for war in the face of any little provocation but those who had witnessed war never wished to experience any form of war again. During the civil war, the Northern part of Nigeria was aided by foreign allies against the Biafrans. The war was actually initiated by the northerners who started killing the Igbo people in the North with impunity. In the end, the war was declared as no victor, no vanquished even when millions of Igbo people were killed, their women and girls raped and their properties wasted. A lot of creative writings have been written on the theme of the futility of war. The creative writers in their individual works vividly demonstrate the futility of war with the aim to condemn any move for recurrence of war. Most of the writers wrote on the general perils of war. Many articles have equally been written on war and its imminent dangers to individuals and societies at large. In this paper, the researchers aim to investigate the traumatic effects of the civil war especially on Biafran women with the view to discourage further occurrence.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133233902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Police Personnel to Population Growth in Five Urban Local Government Areas in Ibadan Metropolis: A Panacea for Crime Free Environment","authors":"Oyekola M.A., Adewuyi G.K.","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-6t4jmniu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-6t4jmniu","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate policing to the society enhances free crime and sustainable environment. This study analyses the Availability of Police Personnel to Population Growth of Persons in Five Urban Local Government Areas of Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria with the purpose of determining the ratio of police personnel’s 2023 to 2023 population of persons’ for the study areas using Malthus Population Growth Model (Exponential Growth Equation). Police personnel’s data were acquire from the Police Divisional Headquarters, Eleyele, Ibadan, Nigeria. The geographic coordinates used to depict the distribution of police stations in each of the five urban local government areas was obtained from Grid3 Nigeria and processed using ArcGIS 10.4. The results revealed an accelerated increase in population in the study area. The results from this study however showed that the ratio of police personnel to population of persons does not meet up with the United Nation’s recommended ratio of 1:450. Generally, from the results, it showed that with the 2023 estimated population growth of 2,014,279 from 1,343,147 in 2006, and the required number of police personnel compared to the number obtained in 2023 from the police headquarters, as well as the number of police stations available, there is a need for the federal government in collaboration with the state government to take necessary actions and preventive control in the study areas so as to avoid constant criminal activities.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133094808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State Repression and Militarization of Secessionist Movement in Southeast Nigeria","authors":"Onyemaobi M.C., Chris-Sanctus O.E., Ngwu E.C.","doi":"10.52589/ajlpra-win1436w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-win1436w","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of democratic regime in Nigeria coupled with its principles of freedom of speech, expression, and association, spark up the rebirth of the Biafra secessionist movements in the southeast geopolitical zone. Such groups like the Movement or Actualisation of Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), the Biafra Zionist Federation (BZF), and the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) have stepped up struggles for the actualization of the sovereign state of Biafra through protests and other forms of social mobilization. The protests have triggered tension and heightened insecurity, with the security agencies often applying excessive force to quell the protests. The extant literature is awash with narratives regarding the recent upsurge and persistent centrifugal demands by pro-Biafra secessionists, fifty years after the Nigerian civil war; scholars agreed that Nigeria state has at one time or the other applied repressive measures to quell secessionist agitations in southeast Nigeria, this in turn have led to increased militarization of these separatist agitations. But none have concretely showed how state repression have aggravated this secessionist agitation in southeast Nigeria. This work is guided by one research questions: How is state repression implicated in the increased militarization of secessionist agitation in southeast Nigeria? This is qualitative research that made use of the Expo-facto research design. Data was collected through secondary sources and analyzed using content analysis and the Gellnerian theory of nation and nationalism. Our findings showed that state repression is to a great extent implicated in the increased militarization of secessionist agitations in southeast Nigeria. Our recommendation was the government should be proactive towards secessionist movements, and instead of the use of force, should adopt a non-kinetic method in tackling such cases, to avoid further militarization of these agitations in southeast Nigeria. Government should also ensure that every ethnic group is included and build the spirit of a nation-state in every citizen.","PeriodicalId":344811,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131017535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}