Literatura dvukh Amerik最新文献

{"title":"Contemporary African American Historical Novel","authors":"Y. Stulov","doi":"10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-75-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-75-99","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the works of African American writers of the end of the 1960s — the end of the 2010s that address the historical past of African Americans and explores the traumatic experience of slavery and its consequences. The tragedy of people subjected to slavery as well as their masters who challenged the moral and ethical norms has remained the topical issue of contemporary African American historical novel. Pivotal for the development of the genre of African American historical novel were Jubilee by the outstanding writer and poet Margaret Walker and the non-fiction novel Roots by Alex Haley. African American authors reconsider the past from today’s perspective making use of both the newly discovered documents and the peculiarities of contemporary literary techniques and showing a versatility of genre experiments, paying attention to the ambiguity of American consciousness in relation to the past. Toni Morrison combines the sacred and the profane, reality and magic while Ishmael Reed conjugates thematic topicality and a bright literary experiment connecting history with the problems of contemporary consumer society; Charles Johnson problematizes history in a philosophic tragicomedy. Edward P. Jones reconsiders the history of slavery in a broad context as his novel’s setting is across the whole country on a broad span of time. The younger generation of African American writers represented by C. Baker, A. Randall, C. Whitehead, J. Ward and other authors touches on the issues of African American history in order to understand whether the tragic past has finally been done with. Contemporary African American historical novel relies on documents, new facts, elements of fictional biography, traditions of slave narratives and in its range makes use of peculiarities of family saga, bildungsroman, political novel, popular novel enriching it with various elements of magic realism, parodying existing canons and sharp satire.","PeriodicalId":34458,"journal":{"name":"Literatura dvukh Amerik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68681175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erskine Caldwell in Wartime Moscow, May – September 1941","authors":"O. Panova, Aleksandra S. Fisenko","doi":"10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-189-246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-189-246","url":null,"abstract":"Erskine Caldwell became known in the USSR in the mid-1930s through the magazine publications of his short stories and the Russian edition of the novel Tobacco Road (1938). In his correspondence with the representatives of Soviet literary institutions — Sergei Dynamov, Timofei Rokotov, Mikhail Apletin — Caldwell often discussed his plans to visit the Soviet Union. Caldwell and the famous photojournalist Margaret Bourke-White, who became his wife in 1939, arrived in the Soviet Union after their trip to China in May 1941, and thus started their acquaintance with the Soviet Union in Alma-Ata. From Kazakhstan the American guests went to Moscow, had time to visit Ukraine, Tbilisi, Sochi, and on June 22 learned about the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. They stayed in the warring country until late September 1941. As eyewitnesses to historic events, Caldwell and Burke-White worked as war correspondents: they reported from the USSR for Life magazine and the newspaper PM. Caldwell's reports and Burke-White's photographs were also published in the Soviet press. Since July 1941, Caldwell conducted daily CBS live radio broadcasts from wartime Moscow. M. Burke-White held a photo session with Stalin, captured the historic visit to Moscow of Harry Hopkins, President Roosevelt’s personal advisor. The article, based on the American and Soviet press and archival materials, reconstructs the history of the American couple's stay and work in the USSR and evaluates their activities as writers and war correspondents in the historical, literary and political context of the first months of the Great Patriotic War. Caldwell’s interview with the American Ambassador Laurence Steinhardt for Life magazine, which didn’t pass the Soviet military censorship is published in the Addendum.","PeriodicalId":34458,"journal":{"name":"Literatura dvukh Amerik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68680227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erskine Caldwell and the Soviet Union: Correspondence of 1935–1943","authors":"O. Panova, Aleksandra S. Fisenko","doi":"10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-247-284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-247-284","url":null,"abstract":"The corpus of archival materials documenting Erskine Caldwell's Soviet contacts in 1935–1943, including his stay in the USSR (May–September 1941) comprises documents from the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art and the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation. It is Caldwell's correspondence with the representatives of Soviet literary institutions — Sergei Dinamov, Timofei Rokotov, Mikhail Apletin, Boris Suchkov, Aleksandr Fadeev, as well as official correspondence of Soviet ministries and organizations (Union of Soviet Writers, People’s Comissariat for Foreign Affairs, Customs Department of the People’s Comissariat for Internal Affaris), Soviet officials (Solomon Lozovsky, Konstantin Umansky, etc.) and their correspondence with the American media (NANA, CBS, The Life, PM). The epistolary corpus helps to reconstruct Erskine Caldwell’s and Margaret Burke White’s stay in the USSR, provides details of their work there as war correspondents. The corpus of documents opens with the 1935 letter by Sergei Dinamov, editor-in-chief of International Literature magazine, who started contacts with Caldwell (since 1937 the correspondence was continued by Timofei Rokotov, who replaced Dinamov in International Literature) and ends with the telegram congratulating Caldwell on his fortieth birthday (Dec 16, 1943), signed by the representatives of the Union of Soviet Writers Aleksandr Fadeev, Mikhail Apletin and Boris Suchkov, the last editor-in-chief of International Literature. This telegram sent at the end of 1943, the year of the closure of International Literature and the year of the turning point in the course of the Great Patriotic War (Caldwell was a witness to its beginning) draws a line under this period in Erskine Caldwell's Soviet contacts.","PeriodicalId":34458,"journal":{"name":"Literatura dvukh Amerik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68680289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verbal Art & TD: Tatiana Venediktova Anniversary","authors":"A. Astvatsaturov, Pavel Balditsyn, Sergei N. Zenkin, Artem A. Zubov, Julia B. Idlis, Grigorii M. Kruzhkov, M. Makeev, Natalia K. Polosina, Anna Shvets","doi":"10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-420-442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-420-442","url":null,"abstract":"The anniversary collection of essays compiled and edited by Nataliia Polosina, Anna Shvets and Artem Zubov pays tribute to Tatiana Venediktova — Doctor of Philology, professor of American studies, founder and chair of the Department of Discourse and Communication studies at the Philological Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow University, member of the LoA editorial board. Her colleagues, friends and students contributed to the collection. Pavel Balditsyn, Julia Idlis, Mikhail Makeev, Grigoriy Kruzhkov recall the experience of cooperating with Tatiana Venediktova and working on major joint projects like the History of Literature of the United States (1997–2013) and editions of American poets in the academic book series “Literturnye Pamiatniki”. They focus on her work as a researcher, teacher, translator, publisher, academic administrator. The essays by Andrey Astvatsaturov and Sergei Zenkin commemorate the 20th anniversary of her seminal book Conversation in American: Discourse of Bargaining in the American Literary Tradition (2003). They reflect upon the impact the book had in the Russian academia back in the 2000s and its relevance for the humanities scholarship in the 2020s. The anniversary collection is a symbol of gratitude, love and respect towards Tatiana Venediktova, a recognition of her valuable contribution to the American studies and humanities in general in Russia and beyond.","PeriodicalId":34458,"journal":{"name":"Literatura dvukh Amerik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68680558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"J.M. Ferreira de Castro and the Green Hell of Amazonia: On the Origins of the Literary Tradition","authors":"E. Ogneva","doi":"10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-100-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-100-118","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the origin and formation of the so-called green hell literature — a variety of Latin American tellurism. The origins of this phenomenon are associated with the work of the famous Brazilian writer and journalist Euclides da Cunha. The novels of the Portuguese-Brazilian regionalist writer José Maria Ferreira de Castro The Jungle (A selva, 1930) and the Colombian José Eustasio Rivera The Vortex ( La vorágine, 1925) are considered as a continuation of the tradition laid down by da Cunha. The paper considers typical features and differences in the approach to the material in The Jungle and The Vortex. The genetic memory of the pioneers is analyzed as a means of recreating the image of the rainforest, which allows Ferreira de Castro to demonstrate the inversion of the traditional myth of the American Eden. The analysis allows to bring out some new features in the image of the Amazonian selva, which were subsequently developed and / or rethought by other writers of the green hell literature: overreaching (going beyond limits), a specific sense of closed space, irrational cruelty, chaos of the self-reproducing primordial nature. It is emphasized that not only heaven and hell, but also many other Biblical and Christian images are recoded and desacralized. The Portuguese-Brazilian tradition of understanding the green hell of da Cunha and Ferreira de Castro with its reliance on the personal experience of the writer, the poetics of testemunho, can be viewed as the first contribution to the concept of marvelous Latin American reality.","PeriodicalId":34458,"journal":{"name":"Literatura dvukh Amerik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68680617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Interpreter of Life” and “Maker of Universes”: Bernard Shaw and Albert Einstein","authors":"Yulia A. Skalnaya","doi":"10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-373-419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-373-419","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the two great figures of the XX century, Bernard Shaw and Albert Einstein. Their occupations belonged to quite distant realms of science and fiction, and the only event that united the two in public consciousness was Shaw’s speech in honor of Einstein at the OTR fundraising dinner at the Savoy Hotel on 28th October 1930 where he bestowed the honorary title of “Maker of the Universe” upon the scientist. However, these two great men had much more in common than it is generally accepted. The paper presents some little-known details of Shaw — Einstein relationship, establishes a correlation between their views on a number of socio-political, scientific, philosophic, ethical and aesthetical issues including common grounds and principal differences in their attitude towards the USA and the American social structure. Apart from the few existing articles in the foreign academic journals, this research relies on the official European and American press records of Shaw’s and Einstein’s speeches, their private correspondence, diary entries, memoirs and (auto)biographies created by their close friends, colleagues and contemporaries (such as Beatrice Webb, Leopold Infeld, Ronald Clark), as well as Einstein’s essays and Shaw’s dramas. Another significant figure in the paper is the American writer and scientist Archibald Henderson who, according to professor W.L. Phelps, was “perhaps the only living man who can talk on their own level with the two greatest intellects of today, George Bernard Shaw and Albert Einstein.” The vast majority of documents, radio and video addresses cited in this article have not been translated into Russian; the paper is a pioneering study in Russia, where this topic remains unknown and haven’t so far attracted attention of the Russian academia.","PeriodicalId":34458,"journal":{"name":"Literatura dvukh Amerik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68680475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greetings from Havana: MAPRYAL Forum in Cuba","authors":"A. Kofman","doi":"10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-443-450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-443-450","url":null,"abstract":"In 2022 (December 12–14) Havana hosted the International educational and cultural forum “Russian Literature in Latin America: Ideas and Values for the Future of the World”. The forum was organized by the MAPRYAL (International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature) in cooperation with the University of Havana. The aim of the forum is to strengthen interaction among members of academic and educational communities of Latin American countries studying Russia and its cultural heritage. The forum was attended by over 200 delegates — teachers, scholars, writers, translators, literary critics, representing Cuba and other Spanish-speaking countries (Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay, etc.), as well as Russian educational and scholarly institutions. The Russian delegation included representatives of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom) and A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), Pushkin State Institute of the Russian Language, Maxim Gorky Institute of Literature and Creative Writing, Ural Federal and Southern Federal Universities, reputed writers, critics, translators and scholars, among them Evgeny Vodolazkin, Alexey Varlamov, Pavel Basinksy, the representatives of A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, — Vadim Polonsky and Andrey Kofman. Cuban and Latin American Russian studies were also widely represented: at the forum sessions, speeches were made by teachers of Russian, translators, writers, scholars, literary critics, publishers — Omar Lobos, Alejandro Ariel Gonzalez, Ruben Dario Flores, Raul Rodriguez de Silva, Irina Luna and many other reputed professionals whose activities are related to the Russian language and literature.","PeriodicalId":34458,"journal":{"name":"Literatura dvukh Amerik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68680599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red Rust vs Yellow Rust: Metamorphoses of the Soviet Play on Broadway","authors":"M. Gudkov","doi":"10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-141-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-141-188","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on the adaptation of a politically engaged dramaturgical work from Bolshevik Russia — Vladimir Kirshon’s and Andrey Uspensky’s play Konstantin Terekhin (Rust) — to the specific requirements of Broadway, the commercial theater of the USA, and the textual changes of the Soviet original associated with it. The basic principles of the Broadway theater creative and organizational model, drastically different from the repertory theater of post-revolutionary Russia, are defined — the primacy of commerce over artistry, the absence of state support and censorship, a respectable audience that does not accept radical political ideas. On the American stage the Soviet play was produced in 1929, with the changed title (Red Rust), and the text subjected to changes and distortions. The paper considers these changes in the context of American socio–economic life of the Red Thirties. The discrepancy between the original dramaturgical material and the specific requirements of the American commercial theater is analyzed. The free handling of the text from Bolshevik Russia in the US theater is due to the absence of copyright regulations between the two countries. The process of exporting the play to the United States — via Paris and London — is being reconstructed. Three sources that have carried out the textual transformation of the Soviet original are characterized: the authors of the French-language adaptation from Russian (Fernand Nozière and Vladimir Bienstock), British translators from French into English (Virginia and Frank Vernon) and Broadway stage director who previously visited Moscow and sought to introduce into the text what, in his opinion, Soviet censorship would not allow (Herbert Biberman). The study is based on the materials from the Beinecke Library of Rare Books and Manuscripts collections (Yale University), as well as documents from the Houghton Library (Harvard University), the New York Public Library for Performing Arts, the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (Moscow), and the museum of the Mossovet State Academic Theater (Moscow). The study is aimed at expanding the understanding of the stage history of the Russian drama in America.","PeriodicalId":34458,"journal":{"name":"Literatura dvukh Amerik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68680638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The American Sentence","authors":"","doi":"10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-51-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-51-74","url":null,"abstract":"The nature, history and transformation of the American sentence in XX century American fiction is the focus of the current essay which examines the shift from the oracular to ordinary style. This is the contrast between Henry James and Ernest Hemingway, or Thomas Wolfe and Cormac McCarthy. It is a shift in tone and syntax from an elaborate rhetoric and rhythm to a pointed, direct style that wastes no words. It suggests an impatient style reflecting an age of intensity, speed, and thrust. The leisurely and intricate style of late XIX and early XX century American writers loses its energy, although individual authors experiment and, within the body of their work, shift from an initial, ornate method to one that is immediate and precise. A new, fragmented cogency takes over, although this is not a prescriptive formula. There is a stylistic pendulum at work alternating between, say, the elaborate writing of David Foster Wallace or Don DeLillo and that of Raymond Carver or Jennifer Egan. The dynamics of this shift is the center of this discussion. Examples of XX century writers include Gertrude Stein, William Faulkner, J.D. Salinger, Thomas Pynchon, Cormac McCarthy and Jennifer Egan. Overlooked, the sentence remains the core of literary expression but it is a problematic form associated with such cultural changes as the telegraph, World War II and crime writing, as much as the literary imagination. Its permutations may, in fact, represent the “moral history” of America, its shifts in style reflecting the conflict between traditionalism and innovation, conservatism and experimentation.","PeriodicalId":34458,"journal":{"name":"Literatura dvukh Amerik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68681067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Howard Fast and Soviet Writers. Article 1. “A Friendly Hand Reaching Out Across the Ocean”: 1949–1955","authors":"O. Shcherbinina","doi":"10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-285-314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-285-314","url":null,"abstract":"The article tracks Howard Fast’s literary contacts with the USSR until 1955, when he met Boris Polevoy, the chairman of the Foreign Commission of the Union of Soviet Writers. Fast’s fame reached its zenith in the late 1940s – early 1950s, the period of the Cold War and fierce anti-American propaganda campaign in the USSR. The paper considers how and why Fast caught Soviet attention, what literary contacts he maintained, how much he had to pay for them, what compromises — reputational, political, he had to make to remain for the Soviet audience “the most widely read author of his century”. Obviously, Fast was acknowledged as a loyal friend of the USSR not only due to his literary achievements, i.e. historical novels, which brought him popularity both at home and around the world. Soviet propaganda perceived Fast’s disgraced experience (in 1950 he was sent to prison for contempt of Congress) as a valuable fact, a compelling proof of his active struggle for the cause of communism. Left Western writers were expected to take part in pickets, rallies, international congresses, demonstrations, and publish their nonfictional materials in the party press. Fast who was a delegate to World Congresses for Peace (Waldorf Conference 1949, Paris Congress 1949), the laureate of the International Stalin Peace Prize in 1953, perfectly met these requirements. Fast’s correspondence with P.A. Pavlenko from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art is published in the addendum.","PeriodicalId":34458,"journal":{"name":"Literatura dvukh Amerik","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68680340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}