Endocrine and Metabolic Science最新文献

{"title":"Hyperglycemia as a predictor of mortality in adult patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a public hospital in Peru","authors":"Juan Peña ,&nbsp;Sonia Chia ,&nbsp;Olga Flores ,&nbsp;Leila Oliveros ,&nbsp;Luis Jasso ,&nbsp;Ximena Guevara","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the association between glycemic levels and mortality in patients without diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19 in Perú.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In a retrospective study conducted from April to June 2020 in Cayetano Heredia hospital, 529 patients were admitted with a positive SARS-CoV-2 laboratory result or a computed tomography chest scan with suggestive images of COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients were classified into three groups according to their first blood glucose measure. Group 1: glucose level lower than 100 mg/dL; Group 2: glucose level between 100 mg/dL and 126 mg/dL, and Group 3: glucose level over 126 mg/dL. Demographical characteristics, concomitant diseases, laboratory data, and treatment received during hospitalization were also described. Regression-adjusted models were used to analyze association of interest.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The number of patients who met inclusion criteria was 289. Mortality occurred in 137 cases (47 %). Group 1, group 2 and group 3 had 29/77 (38 %), 58/120 (48 %), and 50/92 (54 %) mortality/severe cases, respectively. After all available confounding factors were adjusted, the group of patients with blood glucose levels over 126 mg/dL had a 73 % increased mortality hazard compared to the ones lower than 100 mg/dL (aHR: 1.73 [95%CI: 1.05–2.84]; p = 0.032).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Hyperglycemia (≥ 126 mg/dL) at baseline in patients without a previous history of diabetes is associated with mortality in admitted patients with COVID-19. Routine laboratory testing should never miss a baseline measure of glycemia as this allows for timely blood glucose management, thereby minimizing its negative impact on COVID-19 patients' outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000293/pdfft?md5=1467b9924a2030419ca0035a4b4f08f0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000293-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141250762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type of food available during recovery from acute restraint stress affects plasma levels of total ghrelin but not plasma corticosterone in male rats: A pilot study","authors":"Katherine A. Kern ,&nbsp;Naomi J. McKay ,&nbsp;Adrianne M. DiBrog ,&nbsp;Ashmita Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Elizabeth G. Mietlicki-Baase","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure to a stressor can alter energy intake, potentially resulting in overall changes to body weight. However, our understanding of the relationship between stress and food intake remains incomplete. In these studies, we evaluated whether the type of food available for consumption after stress exposure may be an important determinant of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and ghrelin levels after restraint stress in male rats. Male rats were exposed to 1 h restraint stress or handling control, then given access to a test food to assess how access to different types of food impacted plasma CORT and ghrelin post-stressor. Our results indicated that the type of test food did not impact the plasma CORT response after restraint stress. In contrast, plasma ghrelin levels were differentially altered by the type of test food available in the experiment. These findings suggest the importance of considering the type of test food available in studies examining interactions between stress and feeding, and may also point to a crucial role of the timing of prior palatable food access in such experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266639612400027X/pdfft?md5=744eb4358e0d88390d1d66d0720e3e12&pid=1-s2.0-S266639612400027X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide modulates steroid hormone secretion via the superior ovarian nerve in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome","authors":"Gabriela Rosas Gavilán ,&nbsp;Rosa Linares Culebro ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Vieyra Valdez ,&nbsp;Deyra A. Ramírez Hernández ,&nbsp;Julieta A. Espinoza Moreno ,&nbsp;Andrea Chaparro Ortega ,&nbsp;Roberto Domínguez Casalá ,&nbsp;Leticia Morales-Ledesma","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ovarian steroidogenesis is an essential process that modulates reproduction. In the cyclic rat, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulates the secretion of steroid hormones, and this is dependent on the superior ovarian nerve (SON). In a rat model of polycystic ovarian syndrome induced by an estradiol valerate injection (PCOS-EV), the increase in SON activity results in elevated levels of norepinephrine (NE) and VIP in the ovary, which in turn leads to a rise in androgen. To analyze whether a greater influx of NE to the ovary, due to the hyperactivity of the SON, modifies the response of the gonad to VIP, PCOS-EV or vehicle-treated rats (Vh) were subjected to: 1) stimulation of the left or right ovary with VIP (L-VIP or R-VIP), or 2) the left or right section of the SON (LSON or RSON) followed by injection of VIP into the denervated ovary. Animals were euthanized 1 h later, and the serum levels of steroid hormones were assessed. In Vh rats treated on estrus, VIP stimulation increased the serum levels of testosterone, irrespective of the ovary injected (Vh L-VIP: 17.3 ± 0.5 or Vh R-VIP: 11.3 ± 1.1 vs. Vh: 6.4 ± 1.3). Section of the SON prior to VIP stimulation did not modify testosterone secretion (Vh LSNO+L-VIP: 15.5 ± 2.7 vs. Vh L-VIP: 17.3 ± 0.5; Vh RSNO+R-VIP: 10.6 ± 0.9 vs. Vh R-VIP: 11.3 ± 1.1). In PCOS-EV rats, VIP stimulation of the left ovary lowered testosterone (EV L-VIP: 11.0 ± 4.0 vs. EV: 24.6 ± 2.5). On the other hand, the effects of VIP injection into the denervated ovary were asymmetric, i.e., treatment in the left ovary not modified testosterone levels (EV LSNO+L-VIP: 6.3 ± 1.3 vs. EV L-VIP: 11.0 ± 4.0), while it decreased testosterone when performed in the right ovary (EV RSNO+R-VIP: 6.9 ± 1.3 vs. EV R-VIP: 29.6 ± 7.6). These results show that, in estrus, VIP has a stimulating effect on testosterone secretion, which is amplified by SON signals. Contrary to this, in the PCOS-EV rat, VIP lowers the elevated levels of androgens that characterize this animal model. Based on present results, we suggest that VIP could be used as a treatment for PCOS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000268/pdfft?md5=a13ddde5703d882928ba8a543bd2ecf5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000268-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141090619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The predictive value of body mass index, waist circumference, and triglycerides/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in assessing severity in patients with knee osteoarthritis and metabolic syndrome","authors":"Hoang Minh Phan ,&nbsp;Phuong Bich Nguyen ,&nbsp;Han Van Dinh ,&nbsp;Phu Van La ,&nbsp;Lam Van Nguyen ,&nbsp;Trang Huynh Vo ,&nbsp;Ha Hong Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Studies have shown the importance of metabolic factors like BMI, waist circumference, and lipid profile in predicting knee osteoarthritis severity. However, their predictive ability in knee osteoarthritis patients with metabolic syndrome still needs to be explored.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Evaluate the predictive ability of Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and triglyceride/ High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ratio in determining the severity of knee osteoarthritis in patients with metabolic syndrome.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study at Ho Chi Minh City Hospital for Rehabilitation and Professional Diseases from January 2023 to January 2024 included 697 patients meeting ACR 1991 and NCEP-ATP III criteria for knee osteoarthritis and metabolic syndrome, respectively. Logistic regression analyzed the predictive ability of BMI, waist circumference, and triglyceride/HDL-C ratios. Six hundred ninety-seven patients were divided into two groups: severe and non-severe knee osteoarthritis. The criteria for severity were defined as the presence of both: (1) Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 or higher on knee radiographs and (2) moderate or higher knee pain. Two models were constructed to analyze the predictive ability of severe knee osteoarthritis. Model 1 included univariate factors, while Model 2 incorporated multivariate models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the 697 patients who participated in the study, the average age was 58.7 ± 12.1 years, and females accounted for 71.3 %. The mean BMI and waist circumference were 24.8 ± 2.0 kg/m² and 86.2 ± 6.0 cm, respectively. In model 1 (univariate), the discriminative ability of BMI, waist circumference, and triglycerides/HDL-c in predicting severity was excellent, with respective AUCs of 0.90 (95 % CI: 0.87–0.92, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), 0.81 (95 % CI: 0.78–0.85, p &lt; 0.001), and 0.85 (95 % CI: 0.82–0.88, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). In model 2 (combined model), the combination of all three factors resulted in an AUC of 0.93 (95 % CI: 0.91–0.95, p &lt; 0.001) with a specificity of up to 90.2 %.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>BMI, waist circumference, and triglyceride/HDL-C ratio are individual and combined predictors of knee osteoarthritis severity in patients with metabolic syndrome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000256/pdfft?md5=fc25165f12855057ef0cb01f3fa61f8e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000256-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141034490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Papillary thyroid carcinoma presented as a hypercaptant nodule: a case report","authors":"Maria Letizia Lai ,&nbsp;Jacopo Caschili ,&nbsp;Priscilla Baldussu ,&nbsp;Alessandra Serra ,&nbsp;Lucia Secci ,&nbsp;Pietro Giorgio Calò ,&nbsp;Clara Gerosa ,&nbsp;Daniela Fanni","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hot thyroid nodules are mostly benign and rarely show a malignant nature. Here we present the case of a 45-year-old man with a hypercaptant but ultrasound suspicious nodule; he underwent fine needle aspiration (FNA) and subsequent thyroidectomy. Pathology revealed a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with focal tall cell features, positivity to BRAF V600E and focal hyperspression of p53. A multidisciplinary clinicopathological approach is crucial for the correct diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000232/pdfft?md5=c3dc692a88467a63cd1f725f843906ab&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000232-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of different thresholds of morning cortisol in diagnosing adrenal insufficiency","authors":"Asma Abu Ghasham ,&nbsp;Suhaib Radi ,&nbsp;Amal Aljawi ,&nbsp;Suaad Bougis ,&nbsp;Ghaday Alansari ,&nbsp;Nooran Felemban ,&nbsp;Wafa Saber ,&nbsp;Aseel Attar ,&nbsp;Mohamed Eldigire Ahmed ,&nbsp;Majed Almaghrabi","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is diagnosed with morning cortisol but ACTH stimulation test is usually needed to confirm the diagnosis. In this study we investigated different morning cortisol thresholds that can safely rule out AI without requiring a confirmatory ACTH stimulation test.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Retrospective cohort study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We included patients aged 18 and above who underwent the 250 mcg ACTH stimulation test from June 2018 to June 2022. Basal and post-ACTH serum cortisol values at 30 and 60 min were documented. Sensitivity, specificity and logistic regression analysis were employed to assess morning cortisol level's ability to predict AI as confirmed by ACTH stimulation test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>237 patients were included, 66 diagnosed with AI and 171 had normal ACTH results. Hypertension and type 2 Diabetes correlated with lower AI incidence. Median morning cortisol was 138.0 nmol/L for AI group and 286.0 nmol/L for non-AI patients. A morning cortisol of 285 nmol/L had 90.6 % sensitivity, 50.3 % specificity, and a negative predictive value of 93.3 % for ruling out AI. A threshold of 306 nmol/L increased sensitivity to 95.3 % with 40 % specificity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Morning cortisol is an effective diagnostic tool for ruling out AI. Using multiple thresholds based on clinical suspicion and the integration of predictive pre-test probability can reduce the need for excessive ACTH stimulation tests. This study contributes to the growing evidence of utilizing morning serum cortisol in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance statement</h3><p>Diagnosing Adrenal Insufficiency (AI) can be challenging due to debate regarding the cortisol cut-off value that can exclude AI without additional tests. The confirmatory short synacthen test has certain limitations including financial implications and time restrictions. We investigated the performance of various morning cortisol levels that can diagnose AI without additional testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000244/pdfft?md5=7c1eb388b669d60d3aaf4623cc8a82d7&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000244-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes-related hypoglycemia, contributing risk factors, glucagon prescriptions in two community hospitals","authors":"Samhitha Munugoti ,&nbsp;Gowry Reddy ,&nbsp;Ravnit Singh ,&nbsp;Madhavi Kakarlapudi ,&nbsp;Swetha Muralidhara ,&nbsp;Cheryl Rosenfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Hypoglycemia has long been recognized as a dangerous adverse effect of the treatment of diabetes mellitus with insulin or insulin secretagogues.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our study was aimed to identify the number of diabetic patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with hypoglycemia, contributing risk factors for hypoglycemia (including antidiabetic medication regimens), the number of episodes of hypoglycemia requiring medical attention, and how many patients were prescribed glucagon at discharge.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Our study is a retrospective analysis across two hospitals from October 2019 to March 2022, including the population of adult persons with diabetes mellitus, above 18 years of age, presenting to the emergency department with hypoglycemia.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the women were 2 African Americans, 25 Caucasians, 17 Hispanics, and 39 from other ethnicities. Of the men were 8 African Americans, 32 Caucasians, 27 Hispanics, and 44 from other ethnicities. The mean age of males was 66.2 years, and females was 72.9 years. 131 patients had no prior visits for hypoglycemia. Of the 194 patients, 54 were discharged from the ED, and 140 were admitted to the hospital. The most common risk factors associated with hypoglycemia requiring medical attention were age &gt; 65, having more than one comorbidity, decreased oral intake, and poor socioeconomic status. Regarding recurrent presentations with hypoglycemia, there was a significant association with insulin use (<em>p</em>-value = 0.0007), with a higher-than-expected number of insulin users having a previous visit for hypoglycemia. Only 16.7 % of non-insulin-using patients had prior visits, compared to 40.6 % of insulin users. Pairwise Chi-square testing did not reveal a significant association between any other medication class and prior visits for hypoglycemia, nor was there an association between risk factors and prior visits. To obtain optimal glycemic control, early identification of hypoglycemia risk factors, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and proper selection of anti-diabetic regimens are important to prevent long-term complications.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Unfortunately, the three elements that would prevent subsequent severe hypoglycemic events (i.e., education, adjustment of medication, and glucagon prescription) are underutilized. Hypoglycemia is more common in the elderly population which remains an unmodifiable risk factor. Identifying patients with persistent poor oral intake is extremely important as they may be prone to hypoglycemic episodes on their current anti-diabetic regimen and will need medication adjustments accordingly. Our future research focuses on whether giving glucagon prescriptions to patients with diabetes mellitus at discharge prevents recurrent ED visits for hypoglycemia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000220/pdfft?md5=ace3ed753d5bc46b23522642c758ba30&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000220-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140647789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy and safety of Diptptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors combined with insulin in patients with autoimmune diabetes: A updated meta-analysis","authors":"Na Wang ,&nbsp;Teng Yang ,&nbsp;Xiuli Feng ,&nbsp;Guofeng Wang ,&nbsp;Liujing","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>It is still controversial about the efficacy of Diptptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors in the treatment of autoimmune diabetes, especially it is unclear whether different drugs have different efficacy for different subtypes of autoimmune diabetes.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To evaluated the efficacy and safety of different DPP-4 inhibitors (Sitagliptin or saxagliptin) combined with insulin in the treatment of different subtypes of autoimmune diabetes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Wanfang and CNKI databases from inception to August 2022 to identify correlational studies. Then, RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17.0 software were used to make forest plots. Weighted mean difference (WMD) or odds ratio (OR) with 95 %CI to evaluated the outcomes of Saxagliptin or Sitagliptin combined with insulin in the treatment of autoimmune diabetes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>18 studies consisting of 811 patients were included. Our study revealed Sitagliptin or Saxagliptin both have decrease insulin dose without increase the occurrence of hypoglycemia and adverse event, regardless of subtypes of autoimmune diabetes. Saxagliptin did not statistically improve in glucose control and beta cell function in both LADA and T1DM. However, compared with T1DM, Sitagliptin decreased HbA1c and improved islet beta cell function in patients with LADA.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Sitagliptin combined with insulin therapy in patients with LADA significantly improve glucose control and beta cell function, decrease insulin dose without increasing the occurrence of hypoglycemia and adverse event. Further research in this field is required.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><p>DPP-4 inhibitors combined with insulin therapy in patients with autoimmune diabetes significantly reduced blood glycemic, preserve islet beta cell function, decrease insulin dose, BMI and the incidence of hypoglycemia, and do not increase the incidence of adverse events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000189/pdfft?md5=29d3fa1908ead74aa518d5c4da166aa7&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000189-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140545802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic marker of immunohistochemistry-based somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 H-scores in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","authors":"Satomi Kono ,&nbsp;Hidekazu Nagano ,&nbsp;Yuki Taki ,&nbsp;Takashi Kono ,&nbsp;Naoko Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Nakamura ,&nbsp;Naoko Inoshita ,&nbsp;Masayuki Ohtsuka ,&nbsp;Tomoaki Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are histologically classified as well-differentiated, poorly-differentiated, or mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms. There are unresectable pNENs owing to metastases or invasion in not only functional pNENs but also non-functional. However, the exact origin of pNENs has not been elucidated. This study aims to characterize the molecular biology of pNENs based on clinical information and histopathological analysis and identify prognostic biomarkers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We investigated the relationship between the biological characteristics and immunostaining of pathological tissues in 75 patients. Staining density was evaluated on a 4-point scale from 0 to 3, and the percentage of tumor cells was calculated and scored from 0 to 300 (H-score). We performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the H-score. Progression-free survival and overall survival analyses were performed based on the Kaplan–Meier curves.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The H-score showed that patients who died of pNEN had high Ki-67 and low somatostatin receptor (SSTR) 2 levels, and those who relapsed had high Ki-67 and low SSTR5 levels. The ROC showed that the SSTR2 H-score &gt; 80.25 was associated with lower mortality, which was further confirmed by Kaplan–Meier curves [hazard ratio (HR): 6.039, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.233–29.59, <em>P</em> = 0.0006). SSTR5 H-score &gt; 93.9 had less recurrence, which was confirmed using Kaplan–Meier curves (HR: 3.321, 95 % CI: 1.426–7.734, <em>P</em> = 0.0336).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Ki-67 &gt; 4.95 is associated with a significantly increased risk of death. Quantification of SSTR2 and SSTR5 immunostaining using the H-score may serve as prognostic markers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000207/pdfft?md5=3584754c86520ff066730b68d2aaa0e7&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000207-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140549415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three cases of thyroid cancer in transgender female veterans receiving gender-affirming estrogen treatment","authors":"John D. Christensen,&nbsp;Hiba T. Basheer","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Papillary thyroid cancers are relatively common endocrine malignancies. Risks include obesity, smoking, family history, and radiation exposure. Estrogens may be associated with an increased risk; the implications for transgender women, who use estrogen for gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), are unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Cases</h3><p>3 transgender female veterans seen at sites within our VA Health System were diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer. All three had started some form of estrogenic GAHT prior to the diagnosis, between 3 months to 5 years earlier. One veteran had radiation exposure, one had a smoking history, and 2 were obese. 2 were treated with thyroidectomy, and one had a recurrence treated with RAI. Each veteran had started GAHT before coming to the VA, and one started without physician support.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Thyroid cancer prevalence in the transgender female population is not yet well-established. These 3 transgender female veterans each had risk factors associated with cancer development. Based on limited existing data, it is conceivable but not clear that GAHT treatment could have impacted their course.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Further investigation of thyroid cancer among transgender women in general, and into the impact of GAHT on disease burden in particular, is needed. Clinicians should also be aware that patients may be receiving hormonal therapy from nontraditional sources with unforeseen and unknown associated risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000219/pdfft?md5=8370392e96881878fa3be197c257d7f9&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000219-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140537088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}