Endocrine and Metabolic Science最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among pregnant women in the horn of Africa: A systematic review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Marye Nigatie ,&nbsp;Getinet Kumie ,&nbsp;Abdu Jemal ,&nbsp;Solomon Gedfie ,&nbsp;Woldeteklehaymanot Kassahun ,&nbsp;Muluken Gashaw ,&nbsp;Agenagnew Ashagre ,&nbsp;Tadesse Misganaw ,&nbsp;Wagaw Abebe ,&nbsp;Ermias Getachew ,&nbsp;Selamyhun Tadesse ,&nbsp;Zelalem Dejazmach ,&nbsp;Sisay Ayana ,&nbsp;Yalewayker Gashaw ,&nbsp;Zelalem Asmare ,&nbsp;Assefa Sisay ,&nbsp;Atitegeb Abera ,&nbsp;Biruk Beletew Abate ,&nbsp;Melese Abate Reta","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Thyroid dysfunction ranks among the most prevalent endocrine disorders. This disorder during pregnancy has been linked to adverse effects on both the mother and the baby. However, there is a scarcity of data and inconsistent documentation regarding thyroid issues in pregnant women in low-income nations.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the general prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To identify relevant studies, a comprehensive search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct databases, and Google Scholar and repository registers from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2023. Ten pertinent publications were chosen for the final meta-analysis. Relevant data was extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA software version 17, employing a random-effect model. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate each study's impact on the outcome, and Egger's test was utilized to detect publication bias. A trim-and-fill analysis was executed to adjust for bias in the effect estimate. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using Cochran's Q statistic and I² statistics. Subgroup analysis was carried by study design, country and publication year.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among 2538 pregnant women was 12.0 % (95 % CI: 8.00 %–17.00 %). To account for the significant heterogeneity observed, a random effect model was utilized. Specifically, the prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women was determined to be 10.00 % (95 % CI: 4.00–16.00 %) with a high level of heterogeneity (I² = 94.27 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Notably, the sensitivity analysis conducted did not reveal any substantial impact on the overall pooled prevalence of thyroid dysfunction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The meta-analysis revealed a significantly higher rate of thyroid disorders among pregnant women compared to global estimates. To assess the effects of treating thyroid conditions on pregnancy outcomes and inform clinical decisions, it is recommended to implement cost-effective thyroid-stimulating hormone screening during pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet activation and inflammation in transgender women using hormone therapy","authors":"Lieve Mees van Zijverden ,&nbsp;Moya Henriëtte Schutte ,&nbsp;Marieke Tebbens ,&nbsp;Milou Cecilia Madsen ,&nbsp;Jeske Joanna Katarina van Diemen ,&nbsp;Chantal Maria Wiepjes ,&nbsp;Martin den Heijer ,&nbsp;Abel Thijs","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The pathophysiological process behind the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in transgender women remains to be elucidated. This exploratory study aimed to investigate whether changes in platelet activation and inflammation after the start of feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) could be a contributing mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Longitudinal cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Venous blood was collected from 17 transgender women at 0, 12 and 52 weeks after GAHT initiation, consisting of estradiol and testosterone suppression. Platelet activation markers plasma thromboxane B2, Closure Time, CD63, CD62p, platelet-leukocyte complexes and immature platelet fraction were measured. CRP and 11 cytokines were measured as inflammation markers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CD63, CD62p and platelet-leukocyte complexes tended to increase after 12 weeks of GAHT. After 52 weeks, all platelet activation markers showed anti-aggregatory changes. Eight out twelve inflammation markers exhibited a decreasing tendency at week 12. Equivalently, after 52 weeks, eight inflammation markers tended to decrease, seven of which had also exhibited a decrease at week 12.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The collective findings suggest that platelet activation fluctuates during feminizing GAHT, exhibiting an initial increase followed by a decrease. Additionally, inflammation markers tend to decrease. Within the scope of this study, we could not identify GAHT induced platelet activation as a definite contributing factor in the increased risk of CVD in transgender women. Studies with larger numbers of participants and longer follow-up duration are needed to further investigate the effect of feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy on platelet activation and inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>EudraCT #2017-003072-31.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term diabetic hyperglycaemia modifies social behaviour in rats","authors":"Justine Renaud ,&nbsp;Alexandre Clouet ,&nbsp;Giulia Costa ,&nbsp;Jimmy Beaulieu ,&nbsp;Domenico Sergi ,&nbsp;Maria-Grazia Martinoli","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes is a known risk factor for cognitive decline and mood disorders. However, the effects of long-term diabetic hyperglycaemia on the various dimensions of social behaviours, such as play or aggression, remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the social behaviour in a nicotinamide-streptozotocin rat model of long-term diabetic hyperglycaemia, in the absence of glucose-lowering treatments. Five months following induction of hyperglycaemia, we scored affiliative/exploratory or aggressive social interactions between pairs of unacquainted rats in a neutral arena. Our results demonstrate alterations in the behaviour of long-term diabetic rats faced with social novelties. Specifically, diabetic hyperglycaemic rats engaged in hyper-sociable and hyper-aggressive encounters. Interestingly, social interactivity was not associated with the degree of hyperglycaemia in affiliative/exploratory or in aggressive social interactions, in our long-term diabetic rat model. Altogether, our data suggest a lack of social appropriateness in long-term diabetic hyperglycaemic rats which is independent of the degree of hyperglycaemia. These findings support the importance of a tight glycaemic control in the management of diabetes at every stage of the disease and enlighten the importance of impaired glycaemic control as a novel metabolic player impacting the neural networks of social behaviours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase of serum vitamin D levels in the COVID-19 pandemic: Report of a Mexican reference clinical laboratory","authors":"García-Alcalá Héctor ,&nbsp;Minutti-Zanella Claudia ,&nbsp;Orta-Flores Verónica ,&nbsp;López-Martínez Briceida","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic prompted health professionals to look for prevention and treatment options to improve outcomes. Vitamin D3 (VitD) is a sun dependent, immunomodulatory hormone that was widely used approaching COVID-19 because of previous experience with other RTIs. Its use was recommended in clinical practice guidelines and mainstream media, motivating supplement consumption. This increased the demand for serum VitD determinations, as well as the progressive increase of serum VitD levels.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Study the change in mean VitD serum levels in the population of one reference clinical laboratory before and during pandemic years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 65,481 results (78% female, mean age of 53.47 (M = 55, IQR = 25)).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median Vitamin D level was higher in all seasons in the pandemic years compared to previous years: spring 24 ng/dL (IQR 13.7) vs 25.4 ng/dL (IQR 17), summer 23.5 ng/dL (IQR 13.4) vs 24.2 ng/dL (IQR 16.3), autumn 23.7 ng/dL (IQR 14.3) vs 27 ng/dL (IQR 18.7), winter 22.4 ng/dL (IQR 14.9) vs 23.4 ng/dL (IQR 17.8).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The increase in serum VitD during the pandemic years is probably due to the recommendations of its use in guidelines of clinical practice. Although up to date the CDC and NIH have deemed there is not enough information in favor or against VitD use, epidemiology studies should be done to observe the impact of widespread VitD use in COVID-19 and other illnesses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoalbuminemia on admission in diabetic patients correlates with severity of illness in COVID-19: A retrospective clinical study and literature review","authors":"Mayumi Shoji ,&nbsp;Naoya Teramoto ,&nbsp;Takahiro Ishikawa ,&nbsp;Aiko Hayashi ,&nbsp;Ai Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Hidetoshi Ochiai ,&nbsp;Ayano Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Yukari Maeda ,&nbsp;Atsushi Takasaki ,&nbsp;Chihiro Hiraga ,&nbsp;Shintaro Ide ,&nbsp;Kana Ide ,&nbsp;Masashi Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Yoshiro Maezawa ,&nbsp;Ayako Shigeta ,&nbsp;Seiichiro Sakao ,&nbsp;Takuji Suzuki ,&nbsp;Misuzu Yahaba ,&nbsp;Toshihumi Taniguchi ,&nbsp;Hidetoshi Igari ,&nbsp;Masaya Koshizaka","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>To elucidate factors associated with severe disease in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia complicated with diabetes mellitus.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized from January to September 2021, 100 patients with diabetes were included in the study. Patients in the intensive care unit admission or in-hospital death category were defined as the severe group (26 patients), and the other patients as the moderate group (74 patients). Comparisons were made between the two groups. Medical histories were extracted from the medical records, and statistical analysis was performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients were 62.1 ± 13.0 years of age, 70 % male, 48 % aged 65 years and more, and HbA1c was 7.72 ± 1.51 %. The severe group had significantly higher blood glucose level, CRP, WBC, and LDH on admission. Serum albumin level was significantly lower in the severe group and was significantly negatively correlated with number of days on oxygen administration (<em>r</em> = 0.447) and maximal oxygen concentration (<em>r</em> = 0.561). Multiple logistic regression analysis with severity of illness as the objective variable showed that high CRP and low albumin levels on admission, and older age were independently associated.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Low albumin levels on admission may be an indicator of severe disease in patients with diabetes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000402/pdfft?md5=91f8e0ec8f217e0cb615ede64a568426&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000402-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the increase in intestinal permeability and microbiota change in the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis - Systematic review","authors":"Desislav G. Tomov ,&nbsp;Boryana A. Levterova ,&nbsp;Valentina N. Mihailova ,&nbsp;Dimitar M. Troev ,&nbsp;Maria Z. Miteva ,&nbsp;Yordanka I. Uzunova ,&nbsp;Maria M. Orbetzova","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The etiology of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is still unclear. Genetic predisposition and the effects of various environmental factors are discussed. The present article is a systematic review of publications on the occurrence and development of this disease in the presence of impaired functions of the gastrointestinal tract and changes in the microbiota. Increased intestinal permeability, as well as changes in the microbiota, can disrupt the normal functioning of the immune system and can lead to the development of an autoimmune disease. Normalization of the diversity of the microbiota before an autoimmune process occurs can be achieved both with the use of pro-biotic strains and with appropriate dietary changes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000396/pdfft?md5=60a6896ce017ecd2d4659c8f466d1786&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000396-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Prevalence, characteristics, associated factors, and treatment outcomes","authors":"Hoa Van Tran ,&nbsp;Hiep Ngo Buu Tran ,&nbsp;Toan Hoang Ngo ,&nbsp;Kien Trung Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Previous studies have demonstrated that sertraline has a positive impact on improving depression; however, data on the prevalence and treatment outcomes of sertraline among patients with comorbid Type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression remain limited.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Determine the prevalence and associated factors of depression, and evaluate the treatment outcomes of sertraline intervention at two dosage levels (50 mg per day and 100 mg per day) in patients with comorbid depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Vietnam.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>The study included type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving outpatient treatment at Bac Lieu General Hospital from March 2023 to March 2024. Following the assessment of depression prevalence and associated factors, a randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: odd-numbered patients received treatment with 50 mg/day sertraline dosage, while even-numbered patients received treatment with 100 mg/day sertraline dosage. The criteria for success included improvement in symptoms and severity of depression after 6 months of treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 225 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with a mean age of 63.8 ± 10.7 years were included, among whom 72 were diagnosed with depression, accounting for a prevalence rate of 32 %. Among these patients, 51 were female (70.8 %) and 21 were male (29.2 %). Female gender, overweight, obesity, diabetes duration over 36 months, and a history of cardiovascular disease were found to be associated with depression. However, in the multivariate model, only overweight, obesity, HbA1c ≥ 6.5 %, and a history of cardiovascular disease were identified as independent factors contributing to depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, with odds ratios of 4.12 (95 % CI: 1.78–9.56; <em>p</em> = 0.001), 0.37 (95 % CI: 0.15–0.95; <em>p</em> = 0.038) and 25.90 (95 % CI: 9.05–74.12; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), respectively. Following 6 months of treatment, in the 50 mg/day dosage group, the proportion of patients with moderate to severe depression decreased from 77.8 % to 33.3 % (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Similarly, in the 100 mg/day dosage group, the proportion of patients with moderate to severe depression decreased from 94.4 % to 52.8 % (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Depression accounts for approximately one-third of type 2 diabetes mellitus cases. Overweight, obesity, HbA1c levels, and cardiovascular disease are independent factors associated with depression. Intervention with sertraline for depression treatment at both 50 mg/day and 100 mg/day dosages demonstrates significant improvements in depression severity after 6 months of treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000384/pdfft?md5=b18e5467e35be59ff9afb9718b927eb6&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000384-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portulaca oleracea (purslane) aqueous extract reduced the adverse metabolic outcomes and favored liraglutide activities in streptozotocin-induced cardiometabolic disorders of male Wistar rats","authors":"Adewumi O. Oyabambi ,&nbsp;Blessing B. Aindero ,&nbsp;Adeoba M. Awolola ,&nbsp;Aisha Y. Adebayo ,&nbsp;Ifeoluwa B. Iluromi ,&nbsp;Kehinde S. Olorunniyi","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cardiometabolic diseases including Diabetes mellitus accounts &gt;400 million deaths globally. <em>Portulaca oleracea</em> (Purslane) noted for its rich antioxidants, is a perennial herbaceous plant widely cultivated across countries. This study aimed to determine the ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of <em>Portulaca oleracea</em> (EPO) on cardiometabolic diseases of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing between 120 and 150 g were randomly distributed into five groups and treated respectively as; Control (CTR): normal chow + vehicle (normal saline; orally), EPO; 400 mg/kg orally, STZ; 60 mg/kg intraperitoneally + vehicle, (STZ; 60 mg/kg + EPO; 400 mg/kg orally), STZ+ EPO+ Liraglutide (LG); 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously. After four weeks, animals were anesthetized by 1 % chloroform inhalation for 5 min (5.0 ppm) and blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Plasma, cardiac and adipose tissue homogenate were analyzed, and data expressed as mean ± SEM; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05 were accepted as significant. The diabetic rats showed decreased body weight, reduced blood glucose and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), adipose mass, insulin (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). <em>Portulaca oleracea</em> resulted in reduced plasma fasting blood glucose (FBG), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) and increased pancreatic beta cell functions (HOMA-B) compared to the diabetic rats (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Also, plasma AMPK, insulin and glutathione (GSH) increased in the purslane, and liraglutide treated (p &lt; 0.05), which is a known glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist. In conclusion, purslane possess GLP-1R agonist activities and improved glucometabolic activities and this presents a great advantage in the management of cardiovascular risks associated with diabetes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000359/pdfft?md5=d27755a12ee4cb875b62f0796945d9f8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000359-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the recent advancements and future prospects of personalized medicine in type 2 diabetes","authors":"Shahrzad Manavi Nameghi","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is intricate, involving three main processes that lead to elevated glucose levels. Insulin resistance hinders glucose utilization in muscles, adipose tissue, and the liver. Additionally, pancreatic dysfunction results in excessive glucose release and disrupts insulin and glucagon levels, contributing to hyperglycemia. Tailoring management strategies to individual needs and stages of the disease is crucial. Genetic factors play a significant role in the development of T2D and must be considered in treatment planning. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic loci and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2D. A personalized approach considers a wide range of factors, such as patient characteristics, medical history, complications, and genetic makeup. By customizing treatment plans to suit each patient's unique needs, it may be possible to improve outcomes and reduce the impact of T2D on overall health. While some may argue that personalized diabetes care has been utilized for a long time, integrating it into the standard treatment of T2D remains a challenging task with numerous obstacles.</p><p>The current review aims to describe the vision of personalized medicine in diabetes and offers helpful suggestions for a better understanding of this issue, as well as disseminating information about novel treatment approaches like Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and pharmacotherapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000372/pdfft?md5=6e9cd53264505361886612058d7ed236&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000372-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of O-GlcNAcylation on KGN cell function","authors":"Abigail M. Maucieri ,&nbsp;David H. Townson","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100192","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;O-GlcNAcylation is a unique form of post-translational glycosylation that affects a variety of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins of cells. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is characteristic of many cancers, and impacts cell proliferation, tumorigenicity and metabolism. O-GlcNAcylation occurs in granulosa cells of ovarian follicles, its expression differs between small (3-5 mm) and large (&gt;8.5 mm) antral follicles, and its manipulation in vitro alters granulosa cell proliferation and metabolism. Here, the aim was to assess whether O-GlcNAcylation similarly occurs in cells from a type of granulosa cell tumor, specifically KGN cells, knowing these cells share functional features of granulosa cells of mature, preovulatory follicles (e.g., FSH-responsiveness and estradiol production). The immortal KGN cell line was utilized to conduct cell culture experiments for the detection and manipulation of O-GlcNAcylation. The cells were grown to confluency in serum containing medium and then sub-cultured in serum-free conditions for immunodetection of O-GlcNAcylation (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 8 expts.), for cell proliferation (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 3 expts) and for metabolism assays (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 12 expts.). The KGN cells were also treated without or with small molecule inhibitors to directly enhance or impair O-GlcNAcylation. Immunoblotting confirmed O-GlcNAc expression in KGN cells, as well as the efficacy of Thiamet-G and OSMI-1 to augment (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) and inhibit O-GlcNAcylation (P &lt; 0.05), respectively. Only the inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation compromised KGN cell proliferation (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05), resulting in a 25 % reduction in proliferation compared to control conditions over a 72 h culture period. Seahorse XFe96 analysis measured effects of O-GlcNAcylation on cellular respiration in the KGN cells. Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) provided indices of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, respectively. During a glycolysis stress test, high glucose increased ECAR and decreased OCR (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05); oligomycin did not further affect ECAR (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &gt; 0.05), but impaired OCR (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05); and 2-deoxy-&lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;-glucose decreased ECAR (P &lt; 0.05) without affecting OCR (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &gt; 0.05). Comparatively, a mitochondrial stress test revealed oligomycin increased ECAR (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) with a compensatory decrease in OCR (P &lt; 0.05); FCCP increased both ECAR and OCR (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05); and rotenone + antimycin A decreased both ECAR and OCR (P &lt; 0.05). Manipulation of O-GlcNAcylation in the KGN cells had no effect on ECAR (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &gt; 0.05), but inhibited OCR (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Collectively, the results indicate O-GlcNAcylation occurs in KGN cells, its inhibition impairs cell proliferation, and while KGN cells rely upon both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation for cellular respiration, manipulation of O-GlcNAcylation acutely perturbs only oxidative phosphorylation,","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396124000360/pdfft?md5=cc07cdbbbfdad41caf42216f37493143&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396124000360-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}