Endocrine and Metabolic Science最新文献

{"title":"Thiamine supplementation in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis: An open-label, randomized controlled trial","authors":"Alisha Khan ,&nbsp;Shiva Narang ,&nbsp;Amitesh Aggarwal ,&nbsp;Nishant Raizada","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus with significant mortality. Emerging evidence suggests a potential role for thiamine, as an adjuvant therapy in DKA management. This study explored the effect of thiamine supplementation on the resolution of DKA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary care facility. Sixty adult DKA patients were randomized into two groups, using online randomization generator. Thirty patients (intervention group) received thiamine supplementation with standard DKA therapy, and thirty patients (active control group) received only standard DKA therapy. Baseline investigations were performed and statistical analyses were conducted to compare time to resolution of ketoacidosis, morbidity, mortality, and adverse events between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study showed no significant difference between the demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters within the two groups. In the intervention vs the active control group, time to resolution of DKA (9.6 vs. 9.9 h, <em>p</em> = 0.342), duration of hospital stays (4.2 vs. 3.7 days, <em>p</em> = 0.157), and complications (20 % vs. 10 %, <em>p</em> = 0.472) showed no significant statistical differences. Infections (41.7 %) and non-compliance (38.3 %) were leading causes for precipitation of DKA. No adverse events were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There was no statistically significant difference between the two study groups. Given the safety profile, easy availability and cost effectiveness of thiamine, further research is warranted in larger cohorts to validate the potential therapeutic role of thiamine as adjuvant in DKA management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocimum tenuiflorum L. for the management of metabolic and hormonal disturbances in letrozole induced PCOS rat models","authors":"Safeena Rashid ,&nbsp;Waseem Younis Khan ,&nbsp;Farhat Jabeen ,&nbsp;Sana Hafiz ,&nbsp;Nuzhat Khursheed ,&nbsp;Showkat Ahmad Ganie ,&nbsp;Shajrul Amin","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2026.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2026.100292","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Conventional therapies for Polycystic ovary syndrome often have limited efficacy and adverse effects, underscoring the need for safer alternatives. &lt;em&gt;Ocimum tenuiflorum&lt;/em&gt; L., a medicinal plant with well-documented antioxidant and anti-androgenic properties, has emerged as a promising candidate for investigation in PCOS management.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aim&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To investigate the beneficial effects of active &lt;em&gt;Ocimum tenuiflorum&lt;/em&gt; L. extracts in letrozole induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat models.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Seven groups of rats (6 rats in each group) were examined. Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant studies were carried out to identify the active extracts of the &lt;em&gt;Ocimum tenuiflorum&lt;/em&gt;. The methanol (OTM) and ethyl acetate (OTEA) extracts were chosen for in vivo studies. The control group was treated with the vehicle, 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and other six groups were induced PCOS by administering letrozole (1 mg/kg, orally) for 21 days. After induction, rats were orally administered methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days, the reference group was given metformin (25 mg/kg) for the same period. Vaginal cytology was performed to monitor the changes in estrous cycle and body weight was measured to evaluate metabolic changes. Specifically, blood was obtained for analysis of serum estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, FSH, LH, fasting glucose levels, lipid profile and other biochemical parameters (including CRP). After euthanasia, the ovaries were removed for determination of ovarian weight and diameter, histopathological examination and oxidative stress markers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Polycystic ovary syndrome induction was confirmed by irregular estrus cycles, increased testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and characteristic histological changes. All groups treated with methanolic (OTM) and ethyl acetate (OTEA) extracts of &lt;em&gt;Ocimum tenuiflorum&lt;/em&gt; showed significant decrease in LH and testosterone levels (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.0001). Histopathological studies on the ovaries of metformin and extract treated rats showed regressed follicular changes, smaller number and size of cystic follicles when compared to PCOS group. Compared with control, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly decreased, while testosterone, estrogen, cholesterol, LH, triglycerides, glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) of letrozole-induced PCOS rats were substantially increased. These pathological changes were significantly reversed by metformin and &lt;em&gt;Ocimum tenuiflorum&lt;/em&gt; extracts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our findings suggest that methanolic and ethyl acetate ext","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe panhypopituitarism as the primary manifestation of suprasellar–pineal germinoma: A case report","authors":"Reza Nuril Amifta ,&nbsp;Hermina Novida ,&nbsp;Dyah Fauziah ,&nbsp;Rita Purnama Deu","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2026.100297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2026.100297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Suprasellar–pineal germinoma is a midline tumor that can cause disruption of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis through infiltration or compression of the pituitary stalk, leading to panhypopituitarism with broad metabolic manifestations. Involvement of the pineal region may also result in obstructive hydrocephalus, further worsening neuroendocrine dysfunction through increased intracranial pressure. Diagnosis is established through the integration of radiological findings, hormonal evaluation, and histological, while management requires a combination of oncologic therapy and long-term hormone replacement.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 21-year-old man presented with a seizure and a six-month history of progressive endocrine symptoms, including fatigue, cold intolerance, decreased libido, and reduced body hair. Hormonal assessment revealed severe panhypopituitarism, and MRI demonstrated a bifocal suprasellar–pineal tumor with obstructive hydrocephalus. The patient underwent VP shunt placement, craniotomy, and histopathological examination, which confirmed germinoma with positive CD117 and PLAP expression. Radiotherapy at a total dose of 40 Gy resulted in complete radiological remission; however, endocrine dysfunction persisted, necessitating long-term hormone replacement therapy. Follow-up evaluation showed hormonal improvement and clinical stability without tumor recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case highlights that suprasellar–pineal germinoma can present with severe panhypopituitarism and hydrocephalus as primary manifestations, underscoring the importance of vigilance toward progressive endocrine symptoms in young patients. Optimal management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving neurological stabilization, oncologic therapy, and long-term hormone replacement with careful metabolic monitoring to prevent complications and ensure sustained clinical stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into metabolism of desogestrel in humans using liver microsomes and an HPLC/UV method","authors":"Iman Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Pierre Rousselot-Pailley ,&nbsp;Akram Hijazi ,&nbsp;Elias Baydoun ,&nbsp;Marc Maresca ,&nbsp;El Hassan Ajandouz","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2026.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2026.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Desogestrel metabolites obtained from fungi were used as standards and an HPLC/UV method was newly developed for investigation of DSG metabolism in human liver microsomes. Steady-state kinetic conditions were followed for measurement of the initial velocities of formation of the metabolites 3-keto-DSG (Etonogestrel, M1), 6β-hydroxy-ETN (M5), 11-epoxy-ETN (M8), and an unidentified metabolite (Mx). So far, M5 and M8 are here identified for the first time in humans. The Michaelis-Menten constants of ENT, M5, M8, and Mx varied from 7 to 19 μM, whereas the maximal velocities for ENT, M5, M8 were found to be 123, 198, and 353 nM/min.mg proteins, respectively. The use of specific inhibitors of cytochrome P450 enzymes showed that CYP3A4 is major catalyzer of ETN oxidation (IC₅₀ of ketoconazole at 0.1–0.4 μM). CYP3A4 also is involved in DSG oxidation, at the same order of magnitude as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, which in turn are similarly involved in ETN oxidation (IC₅₀ of inhibitors at 9–30 μM). CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 are involved as well, although at a lesser extent (IC₅₀ of inhibitors at 26–73 μM), while CYP2E1 is most likely not involved in the metabolism of desogestrel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors and its effects on maternal–fetal health","authors":"Elisangela Souza Teixeira ,&nbsp;Isabela Cardoso Santos ,&nbsp;Sophia Alcantara Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Izabela Fernanda Dal Bó ,&nbsp;Laura Sterian Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2026.100298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2026.100298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are pervasive environmental contaminants that interfere with hormonal regulation and pose risks during pregnancy, a developmental period of heightened endocrine sensitivity. Prenatal exposure to major EDC classes, including bisphenols, phthalates, pesticides, and persistent organic pollutants, is associated with adverse maternal outcomes and long-term metabolic, neurodevelopmental, and reproductive effects in offspring. This review integrates the current evidence on the principal sources and pathways of prenatal EDC exposure and examines the mechanistic foundations of developmental toxicity, focusing on nuclear receptor perturbation, epigenetic reprogramming, and oxidative stress. Epidemiological and clinical findings linking EDCs to gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, preterm birth, and developmental origins of health and disease are summarized, with attention to sex-specific susceptibilities and emerging transgenerational effects of EDC exposure. Finally, we translate these insights into practical recommendations for prenatal care and discuss regulatory considerations that incorporate mixture toxicity, non-monotonic dose-response, and early life vulnerability. Collectively, these findings underscore the need for precautionary, evidence-based strategies to safeguard maternal and child health against widespread chemical exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systolic interarm blood pressure difference in West Africans with diabetes","authors":"Matthan Fayia Saa ,&nbsp;Justice Apaw ,&nbsp;Charles Frederick Hayfron-Benjamin","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2026.100296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2026.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Increased systolic interarm blood pressure difference (sIAD) typically reflects vascular pathology and is a known indicator of earlier death. In diabetes, the burden and predictors of elevated sIAD vary by ethnicity, but data in Africans are extremely limited. This study examined sIAD and associated in West Africans with diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study among 745 Ghanaians [aged 27–88 years (mean [SD], 59.92 [±10.11] years); 76.8% women] with diabetes [mean diabetes duration [SD], 8.5 [±4.47] years], sIAD was measured using the simultaneous measurement method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of sIADH≥5 mmHg, sIADH≥10 mmHg, sIADH≥15 mmHg, and sIADH≥20 mmHg were 52.1%, 22.6%, 10.6%, and 5.0% respectively. In an age-sex adjusted model, obesity [odds ratio 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.29–2.66, <em>p</em> = 0.001] and CKD [1.54(1.08–2.18), 0.017] were associated with sIAD≥10 mmHg; the associations of hypertension [1.50 (1.00–2.27), 0.053] tended towards statistical significance. In a model that further adjusted for diabetes duration and systolic blood pressure, the association remained significant for obesity [1.86(1.28–2.69), 0.001].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Elevated sIAD is prevalent in West Africans with diabetes. Future studies could characterize the clinical significance of this high prevalence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: An umbrella review of 15 systematic reviews and assessment of causal frameworks","authors":"Jhosmer Ballena-Caicedo ,&nbsp;Lupita Ana Maria Valladolid-Sandoval ,&nbsp;Fiorella E. Zuzunaga-Montoya ,&nbsp;Víctor Juan Vera-Ponce","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) confers a markedly elevated risk of progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although the precise magnitude of this risk and its temporal evolution remain inadequately characterized for clinical decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To systematically synthesize reviews on glycemic alterations following GDM, quantifying prevalence, incidence, and risk estimates, and to critically assess the use of causal frameworks for inference regarding risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an umbrella review with searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus through September 2025. For reviews that synthesized risk factors, we assessed whether they employed directed acyclic graphs to guide adjustment for confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen reviews with data from more than 3 million women were included. Prior GDM conferred a 6- to 13-fold increased risk of T2DM compared with normoglycemic pregnancies, with cumulative incidence of 9–32 % depending on ethnicity, follow-up duration, and diagnostic criteria. The incidence rate was 26.20 per 1000 person-years, projecting to 20 % at 10 years. Twenty-seven percent presented glycemic alterations at 6–12 weeks postpartum. The most consistent predictors included glycemic markers during pregnancy, insulin requirement, elevated body mass index, family history, and non-White ethnicity. Critically, no review employed directed acyclic graphs to support confounder adjustment, introducing substantial risk of residual bias in the reported point estimates, although the direction of associations showed robust consistency across temporal windows and independent reviews.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>GDM substantially increases T2DM risk, with glycemic burden evident from early postpartum. The universal absence of DAGs limits causal inference regarding point estimates, although the direction of associations is robust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ramadan fasting intentions and IDF-DAR risk stratification among Nigerian patients with diabetes mellitus: A multicentre, cross-sectional study","authors":"Tajudin Adesegun Adetunji ,&nbsp;Akinyele Taofiq Akinlade ,&nbsp;Raliyatu Aliyu Habibu ,&nbsp;Umar Faruk Abdullahi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Arabi Saad ,&nbsp;Kabiru Bello Sada ,&nbsp;Yakubu Lawal ,&nbsp;Olayode Olajide ,&nbsp;Yetunde Akuma ,&nbsp;Ummulkhair Funke Adetunji ,&nbsp;Olayinka Olomooba Saliu ,&nbsp;Samson Adedeji Afolabi ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Danjummai Gezawa","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2026.100299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2026.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem in Nigeria, which has one of the largest Muslim populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Many Muslims with DM choose to fast during Ramadan despite medical exemptions. The International Diabetes Federation-Diabetes and Ramadan Alliance (IDF-DAR) risk stratification tool was developed to guide safe fasting, but has not been previously applied in Nigeria.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To apply the IDF-DAR 2021 risk calculator to evaluate fasting intentions and classify risk levels among Nigerian Muslims with diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, 532 Muslim patients with type 1 or type 2 DM were recruited from seven tertiary hospitals in Northern and Southwestern Nigeria, 2–4 weeks before and during the first week of Ramadan in 2024 and 2025. After exclusions, 518 were analyzed. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, participants were risk-stratified using the IDF-DAR tool, and fasting intention was recorded. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants' mean age was 57.9 ± 13.0 years; 61.2% were female. Most had type 2 DM (96.3%), with 51.0% having disease duration &gt;10 years. By IDF-DAR classification, 31.7% were low risk, 31.9% moderate risk, and 36.5% high risk. Despite this, 404 participants (78.0%) intended to fast. Among high-risk individuals, 74.6% planned to fast, though risk category was not significantly associated with intention (<em>p</em> = 0.177).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study demonstrates the feasibility of applying the IDF-DAR tool in Nigeria, with many high-risk patients intending to fast, though predictive accuracy and clinical outcomes were not assessed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147449297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal thrombophilia and intrauterine growth restriction: A review of current evidence and clinical implications","authors":"Rajalakshmi A S ,&nbsp;Anarghya Ananda Murthy ,&nbsp;Sree Lakshmi K","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a significant contributor to perinatal illness and death, arising from a variety of complex and multifactorial causes. Increasing evidence suggests that maternal thrombophilia, particularly deficiencies in natural anticoagulants such as Protein C, Protein S, and Antithrombin III, is a key factor in placental dysfunction and impaired fetal growth. These effects are thought to occur via placental thrombosis, impaired spiral artery remodelling, and reduced placental perfusion, which can compromise fetal growth. This systematic review, covering studies published between 1963 and 2025 and compiles and evaluates existing research on the association between thrombophilic conditions and IUGR. Although several studies have reported an increased prevalence of thrombophilia markers in pregnancies affected by IUGR, the overall evidence is inconclusive. Variability in study design, patient populations, and diagnostic definitions of both thrombophilia and IUGR contributes to conflicting findings and hinders firm conclusions regarding their role in diagnosis or intervention. Additionally, the review explores the role of anticoagulant therapies, including low molecular weight heparin, in enhancing pregnancy outcomes for women with these conditions. However, the evidence is limited by small study sizes, design constraints, and regional biases, underscoring the necessity for larger, multicenter investigations. Current findings highlight the importance of further research into the contribution of thrombophilia in IUGR. While thrombophilia screening may hold potential for risk stratification in selected high-risk populations, current evidence does not support universal screening in routine prenatal care. Larger, multicentred studies are needed before screening strategies can be formally recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of micronutrients in gut microbiota and metabolic health","authors":"Samer Younes","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endmts.2025.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing healthier food products and dietary habits to combat non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally requires a deeper understanding of how nutrients interact with the gut microbiota. Emerging studies in humans and model organisms suggest that gut microbes play a crucial role in shaping an individual's micronutrient status by influencing their synthesis, bioavailability, and metabolic effects.</div><div>Micronutrients can modulate the symbiotic relationship between gut bacteria and the host, impacting endocrine pathways that regulate glucose metabolism. Minerals and trace elements, for example, can alter gut microbiota composition, strengthen intestinal barrier function, mitigate metabolic inflammation, and influence cellular glucose uptake, as well as insulin and thyroid hormone activity. Similarly, dietary vitamins affect microbial populations, while gut bacteria themselves can modify and produce vitamins. These interactions have downstream effects on immunity, lipid and glucose metabolism, and pancreatic beta-cell function.</div><div>Despite these insights, the precise mechanisms linking micronutrient deficiencies or excesses to gut microbiota shifts and their subsequent impact on metabolic disease risk remain unclear. Additionally, the causal relationships between vitamins and microbial function require further investigation. This review explores the interplay between micronutrients and gut microbiota, shedding light on their collective role in metabolic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}