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PENGEMBANGAN MATERI AJAR BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS X SMA BERBASIS FLIPBOOK MAKER 基于FLIPBOOK MAKER的X高中材料开发课程
Fon Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.25134/fon.v18i1.5279
A. Adam, Abdul Karim Mahmut, A. Akram, Aziz Thaba
{"title":"PENGEMBANGAN MATERI AJAR BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS X SMA BERBASIS FLIPBOOK MAKER","authors":"A. Adam, Abdul Karim Mahmut, A. Akram, Aziz Thaba","doi":"10.25134/fon.v18i1.5279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25134/fon.v18i1.5279","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK:","PeriodicalId":34420,"journal":{"name":"Fon","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89471211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
PENINGKATAN KREATIVITAS GURU DALAM PEMANFAATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DIGITAL MELALUI LESSON STUDY KOLABORATIF 通过协作研究培养教师在数字学习媒体利用方面的创造力
Fon Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.25134/fon.v18i1.5724
Ribut Wahyu Eriyanti, Yus Mocamad Cholily, Abdulkadir Rahardjanto, Masduki Masduki, Andriyana Andriyana
{"title":"PENINGKATAN KREATIVITAS GURU DALAM PEMANFAATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DIGITAL MELALUI LESSON STUDY KOLABORATIF","authors":"Ribut Wahyu Eriyanti, Yus Mocamad Cholily, Abdulkadir Rahardjanto, Masduki Masduki, Andriyana Andriyana","doi":"10.25134/fon.v18i1.5724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25134/fon.v18i1.5724","url":null,"abstract":": Technological developments in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 are marked by the application of digital technology, artificial intelligence in various sectors of life. This condition was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic which came suddenly and spread very quickly. In the field of education, learning is carried out from home. The policy elicited varied responses from teachers, especially those who had not mastered communication and information technology (ICT) for learning. This paper aims to describe the increase in teacher creativity in the use of digital media to improve student learning outcomes in online learning. The method used is classroom action research by applying lesson study in one Islamic senior high school or known as Madrasah Aliyah. The subjects of this study were teachers of Indonesian, Mathematics, and Biology subjects. The data of this research are in the form of teacher's speech and behavior in learning. Data was collected through learning observation methods and documentary studies. The results of this study indicate that by implementing lesson study, teachers become more creative in utilizing digital learning media to improve student learning outcomes. Teachers can choose and take advantage of learning resources available on the internet, able to use internet media","PeriodicalId":34420,"journal":{"name":"Fon","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88587763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
GINOKRITIK DALAM PERHIMPUNAN GUNAWAN BAGI LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN KARYA KHATIJAH TERUNG
Fon Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.25134/fon.v18i1.5024
Nureza Dwi Anggraeni, Siti Gomo Attas
{"title":"GINOKRITIK DALAM PERHIMPUNAN GUNAWAN BAGI LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN KARYA KHATIJAH TERUNG","authors":"Nureza Dwi Anggraeni, Siti Gomo Attas","doi":"10.25134/fon.v18i1.5024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25134/fon.v18i1.5024","url":null,"abstract":"Perempuan. The results showed that the Perhimpunan Gunawan bagi Laki-Laki dan Perempuan was written by Khatijah Terung to provide an understanding to women, wives in particular, that domestic happiness is also in the power of women. Therefore, women are taught to get sexual satisfaction by serving their husbands. Not only gives satisfaction, but also gets happiness. Although this work is erotica, Khatijah Terung packaged it in the form of rhymes and poetry and added a narration. This made Khatijah Terung the first Malay woman in the early 20th century to state frankly what they could do to make a man or husband feel aroused and loved them. However, this kind of work is extraordinary and very rarely written by women.","PeriodicalId":34420,"journal":{"name":"Fon","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73903303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA MENGANALISIS STRUKTUR TEKS PERSUASI MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED INTRODUCTION 学生使用基于自省问题的学习模式分析劝导文本结构的能力增强
Fon Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.25134/fon.v18i1.5281
R. Rosdiana, M. Dahlan
{"title":"PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA MENGANALISIS STRUKTUR TEKS PERSUASI MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED INTRODUCTION","authors":"R. Rosdiana, M. Dahlan","doi":"10.25134/fon.v18i1.5281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25134/fon.v18i1.5281","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menganalisis struktur teks persuasi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Mare Kabupaten Bone dengan menggunakan","PeriodicalId":34420,"journal":{"name":"Fon","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77135729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PELANGGARAN BIDAL KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA WARGANET DALAM KOLOM KOMENTAR TWITTER @FIERSABESARI 在@FIERSABESARI的推特评论栏中,人们对使用公民语言的顶尖性侵犯
Fon Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.25134/fon.v18i1.4486
Niken Thalia Ayupradani, Endah Riski Kartini, Syahwa Minastiti, D. Pratiwi
{"title":"PELANGGARAN BIDAL KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA WARGANET DALAM KOLOM KOMENTAR TWITTER @FIERSABESARI","authors":"Niken Thalia Ayupradani, Endah Riski Kartini, Syahwa Minastiti, D. Pratiwi","doi":"10.25134/fon.v18i1.4486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25134/fon.v18i1.4486","url":null,"abstract":": Politeness in language is actually close to everyday life. Now, coupled with advances in technology, it is easier for people to establish communication. Communication relations can run well if they prioritize the principle of politeness. The principle of politeness can always be upheld both speaking in social media and face to face. If you do not comply with the principle of politeness, then the speech is not polite. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of speech that violates the principle of politeness in @FiersaBesari's twitter, especially in the reply column. The special tweets that were chosen were about speeches that criticized and satirized the Indonesian government. The violation of politeness is measured by the principle of unity in the form of a thimble. The research method uses data collection techniques by observing, recording, and documenting. The data analysis technique in this study used the agih method with the BUL basic technique and the extended extension technique. The results of this study describe various forms of speech that violate the principle of politeness. The thimbles that were violated were the thimble of appreciation, the thimble of consensus, and the thimble of sympathy. Of the six thimbles used to measure politeness, there were three thimbles that found violations.","PeriodicalId":34420,"journal":{"name":"Fon","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77286707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
GANGGUAN BERBAHASA TATARAN FONOLOGIS PADA TUTURAN PENDERITA STROKE ISKEMIK: KAJIAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK
Fon Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.25134/fon.v18i1.5533
Icha Fadhilasari
{"title":"GANGGUAN BERBAHASA TATARAN FONOLOGIS PADA TUTURAN PENDERITA STROKE ISKEMIK: KAJIAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK","authors":"Icha Fadhilasari","doi":"10.25134/fon.v18i1.5533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25134/fon.v18i1.5533","url":null,"abstract":": Language disorders are much more complex than speech disorders. Language disorders in medical terms are called aphasia. Patients will have difficulty communicating and tend to fail in applying language skills. As a result, people with this disorder will experience linguistic deviations or deviations. This study aims to classify and describe language disorders experienced by ischemic stroke patients. The most visible symptom in ischemic stroke patients is very typical, namely phonological level deviations. By using a descriptive-qualitative method, this study places the subject with left hemisphere disorders, where this section in neurolinguistic studies has a function as a processing of one's linguistic abilities, such as phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic. The data of this research is the speech of a research subject who experienced an ischemic stroke. Data was collected by using observation, recording, note-taking, interviewing and elicitation techniques using picture media and a list of questions. The results of this study indicate that there are deviations at the phonological level, including (1) omission or simplification of phonemes, (2) replacement of phonemes, and (3) irregularities in the speech of ischemic stroke sufferers. So it can be concluded that language disorders at the phonological level are a form of errors and/or deviations that occur in a person with ischemic stroke caused by damage to cortical lesions in the left brain, precisely in Broca's area, which specializes in language production tasks.","PeriodicalId":34420,"journal":{"name":"Fon","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89277695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF SCRAMBEL BERBANTUAN MEDIA PUZZLE TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN BAHASA INDONESIA MURID SEKOLAH DASAR
Fon Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.25134/fon.v18i1.5280
Nurul Islamiyah, Sitti Aida Aziz, Tarman Tarman, Nadira Nadira, Aziz Thaba
{"title":"PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF SCRAMBEL BERBANTUAN MEDIA PUZZLE TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN BAHASA INDONESIA MURID SEKOLAH DASAR","authors":"Nurul Islamiyah, Sitti Aida Aziz, Tarman Tarman, Nadira Nadira, Aziz Thaba","doi":"10.25134/fon.v18i1.5280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25134/fon.v18i1.5280","url":null,"abstract":": The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the implementation of the scramble cooperative learning model assisted by puzzle media on the pre-reading ability of Indonesian students of Al-Fatih Integrated Islamic Elementary School in Pangkajene District, Pangkep Regency. This is an experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The sample of this research is the second grade students at SD Islam Terpadu Al-Fatih. Data collection using journal techniques and tests. Data were analyzed using parametrick test techniques using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results prove that the value of Fcount = 16.875 and Ftable value at the significance level of 5% = 3.52 and 1% = 5.93, this means that Fcount ≥ F table is good at the 5% and 1% significance levels, then Ho is rejected, which means There is a significant effect of the application of the cooperative learning model assisted by puzzle media on the beginning reading ability of grade II students at SD Islam Terpadu Al-Fatih, Pangkep Regency.","PeriodicalId":34420,"journal":{"name":"Fon","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91364331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
VARIASI ARGUMEN SAKSI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS ILMIAH BAGI MAHASISWA 证人为学生写作科学研究的各种论据
Fon Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.25134/fon.v18i1.4739
Antonius Nesi, S. Subyantoro, R. Pristiwati
{"title":"VARIASI ARGUMEN SAKSI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS ILMIAH BAGI MAHASISWA","authors":"Antonius Nesi, S. Subyantoro, R. Pristiwati","doi":"10.25134/fon.v18i1.4739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25134/fon.v18i1.4739","url":null,"abstract":": One of the characteristics of scientific articles is that there are variations in arguments as a form of a writer's scientific accountability for the contents of the article. An argument can be said to be successful if a statement can be fortified with various reasons and evidence (varied arguments). Through the construction of varied arguments, readers can be convinced that the issues raised are scientifically resolved. This article examines the variation of 'witness argument' in teaching scientific writing for students. The basic theory used is Douglas Walton's witness argument model. The variety of witness arguments as a basic reference for learning to write scientifically is considered urgent considering that witness arguments are not only in the form of expert opinion arguments as so far made by most authors, but there are still other types of arguments to fortify position statements. The article uses a literature study approach, which is a study of relevant documents and literatures. Based on the results of the study found three things. First, in scientific writing learning, variations of expert opinion arguments can be made in the form of expert opinion arguments 1, expert opinion arguments 2, and expert opinion arguments 3. Furthermore, as a form of persuasion, analogy arguments and practical reasoning arguments can be added. Second, in the study of scientific writing, fact-hypothesis arguments can be varied in the form of expert opinion arguments 1, expert opinion arguments 2, expert opinion arguments 3, precedent arguments, and exception arguments. Third, other forms of variation for practical reasoning arguments, namely analogy arguments, precedent arguments, expert opinion arguments 1, and expert opinion arguments 2. Through varied argument construction, an article fulfills its merit (reputable).","PeriodicalId":34420,"journal":{"name":"Fon","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87446270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
GINOKRITIK TERHADAP NOVEL TANAH TABU KARYA ANINDITA S. THAYF (GYNOCRITICISM AGAINST TANAH TABU NOVEL BY ANINDITA S. THAYF)
Fon Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.25134/fon.v18i1.5441
Sofiatin Sofiatin, D. Sunendar, S. Sumiyadi, A. Sastromiharjo
{"title":"GINOKRITIK TERHADAP NOVEL TANAH TABU KARYA ANINDITA S. THAYF (GYNOCRITICISM AGAINST TANAH TABU NOVEL BY ANINDITA S. THAYF)","authors":"Sofiatin Sofiatin, D. Sunendar, S. Sumiyadi, A. Sastromiharjo","doi":"10.25134/fon.v18i1.5441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25134/fon.v18i1.5441","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK: Penelitian berjudul Ginokritik terhadap Novel Tanah Tabu Karya Anindita S. Thayf bertujuan mengkaji tulisan perempuan yang menceritakan perempuan dengan menggunakan teori ginokritik dari Showalter (1981) hanya melalui model penulisan perempuan dan psikologi perempuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Data penelitian ini berupa teks dari isi cerita novel Tanah Tabu. Intertekstual tulisan laki-laki dalam tulisan perempuan telah hadir sejak permulaan abad 20. Namun, sejumlah besar pengarang perempuan pada Angkatan 2000 menunjukkan kemandirian mereka dalam menggunakan penulisan biologi, bahasa, psiklogi, dan budaya perempuan. Intertekstual feminisme laki-laki dalam novel pengarang perempuan Angkatan 2000 mulai menghilang. Hal ini adalah entitas dari kemandirian feminisme pengarang perempuan. Itu artinya, pengarang perempuan mampu menghasilkan teks sendiri yakni, tidak mengadopsi kembali ciri khas tulisan laki-laki ke dalam karya mereka. Salah satu kemandirian tersebut terdapat pada novel Tanah Tabu karangan Anindita S. Thayf. Sebagai penyampai pesan, Thayf banyak menghasilkan teks bermuatan psikologi pada karyanyanya. Berdasarkan kajian, ditemukan 75 buah teks lisan dan tulisan bermuatan psikologi pada beberapa tokoh perempuan. Hal itu merupakan cerminan dari psikologi Thayf sebagai pengarangnya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan dosen dan mahasiswa pada mata kuliah kajian prosa fiksi, dan dapat dijadikan rujukan bagi para peneliti lain dengan sumber data berbeda namun pendekatan serupa.  KATA KUNCI: Ginokritik; penulisan perempuan dan psikologi perempuan; novel Tanah Tabu GYNOCRITICISM AGAINST TANAH TABU NOVEL BY ANINDITA S. THAYF ABSTRACT: The research entitled Gynocriticism against Tanah Tabu Novel by Anindita S. Thayf aims to examine women's writings that tell women by using Showalter's (1981) gynocritic theory only through women's writing models and women's psychology. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The data of this research is in the form of text from the content of the Tanah Tabu novel. Intertextual writing of men in writing of women has existed since the beginning of the 20th century. However, a large number of female authors in the Angkatan 2000 demonstrated their independence in using women's biology, language, psychology, and cultural writing. The intertextual male feminism in the novels of female authors Angkatan 2000 is disappearing. This is the entity of the independent feminism of female authors. That means, female authors are able to produce their own texts, that is, not to re-adopt the characteristics of male writing into their works. One of these independence is found in the Tanah Tabu novel by Anindita S. Thayf. As a messenger, Thayf produces a lot of psychologically charged texts in his work. Based on the study, it was found that 75 oral and written texts containing psychology were found in several female characters. This is a reflection of Thayf's psychology as th","PeriodicalId":34420,"journal":{"name":"Fon","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88729137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MAKSIM KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA ANTARA POLISI DAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PROSES PEMERIKSAAN LALU LINTAS 警察和公众在交通检查过程中的语言规范
Fon Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.25134/fon.v18i1.5278
Marwiah Marwiah, Muhammad Al Qadri
{"title":"MAKSIM KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA ANTARA POLISI DAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PROSES PEMERIKSAAN LALU LINTAS","authors":"Marwiah Marwiah, Muhammad Al Qadri","doi":"10.25134/fon.v18i1.5278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25134/fon.v18i1.5278","url":null,"abstract":": The problem in this study is how the politeness of the language of the police and the public at traffic checks in Makassar City. Therefore, this study aims to describe the politeness of the language of the police towards the community and the politeness of the language of the community towards the police at the traffic check in the Makassar City. This type of research is a qualitative study that illustrates the form of politeness in the language of the police and the community in traffic checks in the city of Makassar. The data in this study are in the form of speeches showing the form of politeness in the language of the police and the community in traffic checks in Makassar City. The subjects in this study were ten traffic police officers from the Makassar Regional Police. Data collection techniques in this study were observation techniques, recording techniques, and note taking techniques. Data analysis techniques in this study are data reduction, data presentation","PeriodicalId":34420,"journal":{"name":"Fon","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85673836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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