JoulePub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102126
Javith Mohammed Jailani, Amanda Luu, Elizabeth Salvosa, Charlotte Clegg, Vishnupriya P. Kamalon, Bahareh Nasrollahi, Irina Valitova, Sebastian B. Meier, Andrew M. Shore, Behrang H. Hamadani, Vincenzo Pecunia
{"title":"Accurate performance characterization, reporting, and benchmarking for indoor photovoltaics","authors":"Javith Mohammed Jailani, Amanda Luu, Elizabeth Salvosa, Charlotte Clegg, Vishnupriya P. Kamalon, Bahareh Nasrollahi, Irina Valitova, Sebastian B. Meier, Andrew M. Shore, Behrang H. Hamadani, Vincenzo Pecunia","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102126","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) are promising for powering smart devices. However, diverse lighting scenarios pose significant accuracy challenges in IPV characterization, reporting, and benchmarking. This study comprehensively and quantitatively investigates these challenges through the experimental characterization of IPVs covering a broad performance space. We reveal that many challenges can cause unacceptable characterization errors—with the angular interplay among the test light source, measuring device, and IPV being particularly detrimental under diffuse indoor illumination—and evaluate practical protocols to mitigate them. From a benchmarking perspective, we expand the understanding of the strengths of the IPV reference-cell method and reveal the fundamental inaccuracies of benchmarking based on correlated color temperature and indoor spectral coincidence. To support implementation, we provide comprehensive characterization, reporting, and benchmarking checklists, alongside recommendations for future standardization efforts. By enabling reliable performance evaluation and benchmarking, we anticipate that our findings will stimulate further advancements in IPVs, helping to realize their full potential.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102107
Patipan Sukpoonprom, William D.J. Tremlett, Zhuoran Qiao, Chitsanucha Chattakoonpaisarn, Eunyoung Hong, Beier Hu, Karen Forberich, Jianhua Han, Junyi Wang, Somlak Ittisanronnachai, Longren Li, Francesco Vanin, Pichaya Pattanasattayavong, Zonglong Zhu, Artem Bakulin, Christoph J. Brabec, Derya Baran, Nicholas J. Long, Nicola Gasparini
{"title":"Complex formation of ferrocene derivatives with electron transport layers enables improved performance and photostability in organic solar cells","authors":"Patipan Sukpoonprom, William D.J. Tremlett, Zhuoran Qiao, Chitsanucha Chattakoonpaisarn, Eunyoung Hong, Beier Hu, Karen Forberich, Jianhua Han, Junyi Wang, Somlak Ittisanronnachai, Longren Li, Francesco Vanin, Pichaya Pattanasattayavong, Zonglong Zhu, Artem Bakulin, Christoph J. Brabec, Derya Baran, Nicholas J. Long, Nicola Gasparini","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102107","url":null,"abstract":"Electron transport layers (ETLs), e.g., metal oxides, organic small molecules, or conjugated polymers, play a vital role in both performance and photo-thermal stability in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we explored hybrid organic-inorganic electron transport materials by forming complexes between typical electron transport layers and ferrocene (Fc)-based molecules. Experimental and theoretical investigations revealed van der Waals interaction between the ETL and Fc compounds, which allows fine-tuning of the electrode work function to improve charge extraction properties and reduce trap-assisted recombination. As a result, OSCs showed improved fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) for five donor-acceptor blends and three ETLs, with FF and PCE exceeding 80% and 20.1%, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated improved photostability for the hybrid ETLs with devices that retained 80% of their initial performance for 700 h when degraded under operating conditions (ISOS-L-1I).","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102108
Yash Samantaray, Daniel A. Cogswell, Alexander E. Cohen, Martin Z. Bazant
{"title":"Electrochemically resolved acoustic emissions from Li-ion batteries","authors":"Yash Samantaray, Daniel A. Cogswell, Alexander E. Cohen, Martin Z. Bazant","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102108","url":null,"abstract":"New methods of <em>operando</em> non-destructive evaluation (NDE) are needed to better assess the health and safety of Li-ion batteries. Acoustic emission (AE) testing is a widely used NDE technique in structural engineering but has yet to provide reliable assessments in battery applications. Here, we show that various electro-chemo-mechanical processes in battery electrodes (graphite and nickel-manganese-cobalt oxides [NMC]) can be reproducibly identified by electrochemically resolved AEs after eliminating electromagnetic interference and applying wavelet-based signal processing. First, we perform “acousto-voltammetry” to correlate acoustic activity with specific electrochemical processes, such as ethylene gas generation and NMC particle fracture, as confirmed by gas detection and <em>ex situ</em> scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, respectively. Next, we demonstrate that AEs can be distinguished using wavelet-transform features. Electrochemically resolved AEs provide a new window into quantitatively monitoring battery degradation, offering insights into electro-chemo-mechanical processes and potential advantages over conventional methods for the assessing state of health, remaining useful life, and safety risks.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102127
Robert L.Z. Hoye, George Koutsourakis, Marina Freitag, Zacharie Jehl Li-Kao, Thomas Österberg, Simon Aliwell, Mathieu Bellanger, Thomas M. Brown, Francesca Brunetti, Matthew J. Carnie, Abhisek Chakraborty, Giulia Grancini, Petri Kärhä, Matthias Kauer, Thomas Kirchartz, Chieh-Ting Lin, Monica Lira-Cantú, Yean-San Long, Senol Öz, Sonia R. Raga, Gregory Burwell
{"title":"Reaching a consensus on indoor photovoltaics testing","authors":"Robert L.Z. Hoye, George Koutsourakis, Marina Freitag, Zacharie Jehl Li-Kao, Thomas Österberg, Simon Aliwell, Mathieu Bellanger, Thomas M. Brown, Francesca Brunetti, Matthew J. Carnie, Abhisek Chakraborty, Giulia Grancini, Petri Kärhä, Matthias Kauer, Thomas Kirchartz, Chieh-Ting Lin, Monica Lira-Cantú, Yean-San Long, Senol Öz, Sonia R. Raga, Gregory Burwell","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102127","url":null,"abstract":"Most authors are part of a consortium that meets through the Indoor Photovoltaics Conference (IPVC), which is organized in conjunction with the MENTOR Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Doctoral Network. The IPVC is held annually, and brings together groups from academia, companies commercializing indoor photovoltaic (IPV) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, national laboratories, and equipment manufacturers. More information can be found at <span><span>https://projects.tuni.fi/mentor/</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>. Another Marie Skłodowska-Curie Doctoral Network (MASAUTO), funded at the same time, also focuses on IoT development, including IPVs, as well as energy storage and low-power memory (<span><span>http://masauto-net.eu/</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>).","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy, power, and actuation systems for sustained untethered flight in gram-scale aerial vehicles","authors":"Jinzhe Peng, Xiangyu Yang, Wei Shen, Jingyi Li, Mingjing Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102104","url":null,"abstract":"Gram-scale micro aerial vehicles have a flight time of less than 10 min, which is far from long-duration or even unlimited endurance, thus significantly constraining their application scenarios. To address the challenges faced by gram-scale micro aerial vehicles for sustained untethered flight, this article examines recent advances in energy, power, and actuation systems and outlines environmental energy-harvesting strategies. Major technological bottlenecks are identified, and key design principles are proposed, including the selection of actuators with high lift-to-power ratios, the prioritization of lightweight and efficient energy and power systems, and the integrated structural design. These insights provide guidance for realizing practical, long-duration flight.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102105
Jiarong Wang, Xian-Yin Dai, Leyu Bi, Jiaonan Sun, Ming Liu, Xiaofei Ji, Francis R. Lin, Qiang Fu, Alex K.-Y. Jen
{"title":"Synergistic iodine and lead chelation with redox cycling via supramolecular engineering for stable and sustainable perovskite solar cells","authors":"Jiarong Wang, Xian-Yin Dai, Leyu Bi, Jiaonan Sun, Ming Liu, Xiaofei Ji, Francis R. Lin, Qiang Fu, Alex K.-Y. Jen","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102105","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from instability due to light- and heat-induced degradation, where iodine (I<sub>2</sub>) escape and lead (Pb<sup>0</sup>) aggregation trigger irreversible device failure. Here, we developed a multifunctional β-cyclodextrin derivative of β-CD-(SH)<sub>7</sub> that synergistically enables iodine confinement, lead chelation, and redox cycling. The β-CD cavity traps I<sub>2</sub> via supramolecular interaction, while thiol groups reduce I<sub>2</sub> to I<sup>−</sup> and oxidize Pb<sup>0</sup> to Pb<sup>2+</sup> via dynamic S–S bond formation, enabling self-sustained I<sup>−</sup> regeneration. β-CD-(SH)<sub>7</sub> enables an efficiency of 26.14% for inverted PSCs and 23.48% for mini-modules with an active area of 11 cm². Wide-band-gap PSCs (1.80 eV) achieve an efficiency of 20.56%. The devices exhibit exceptional stability, with T<sub>98</sub> > 2,780 h (1.55 eV) and T<sub>90</sub> > 1,900 h (1.80 eV) under maximum power point tracking at 45°C. Additionally, β-CD-(SH)<sub>7</sub> captures lead to prevent leakage. This universal supramolecular strategy reconciles efficiency, stability, and sustainability, offering transformative potential for PSC commercialization.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Controllable electrolysis doping of organic semiconductors for stable perovskite solar cells","authors":"Hao Huang, Zhineng Lan, Yingying Yang, Huilin Yan, Meng Wan, Yi Lu, Shujie Qu, Tongtong Jiang, Changxu Sun, Benyu Liu, Peng Cui, Meicheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102106","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional doping method of organic semiconductors (commonly including lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide [LiTFSI]) served as hole transport layers in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffers from a complex, time-consuming oxidation process, detrimentally impacting device stability. Herein, we propose a novel electrolysis doping strategy to modulate organic semiconductors, enabling controllable doping and effective Li⁺ removal. This electrolysis doping exploits holes with tunable oxidizing capabilities to oxidize organic semiconductors into ion radicals at the surface of the anode electrode, which exhibits a high reproducibility and a universal application on different organic semiconductors. Simultaneously, Li⁺ ions can be reduced to Li atoms at the surface of the cathode electrode, thus removing stability-damaging residual Li<sup>+</sup>. Accordingly, the regular PSCs using electrolyzed 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro) achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.16%, and the inverted-structured PSCs using electrolyzed poly[bis(4-phenyl) (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA) achieve a PCE of 25.57% with satisfying stability by maintaining 91% of initial efficiency after operating for 1,400 h under continuous one-sun illumination.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102103
Mingi Hwang, Jae Hong Choi, Songyi Lee, Junhyeok Hwang, Sungwoo Park, Sumyeong Choi, Minhu Kim, Heesoo Lim, Hyuntae Lim, Mirim Oh, Sumin Song, Geumju Shin, Minjoon Park, Youngki Kim, Dong-Hwa Seo, Pilgun Oh
{"title":"Study of induced liquid-phase sintering effect in lithium-ion battery cathode upcycling","authors":"Mingi Hwang, Jae Hong Choi, Songyi Lee, Junhyeok Hwang, Sungwoo Park, Sumyeong Choi, Minhu Kim, Heesoo Lim, Hyuntae Lim, Mirim Oh, Sumin Song, Geumju Shin, Minjoon Park, Youngki Kim, Dong-Hwa Seo, Pilgun Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102103","url":null,"abstract":"As concerns over the sustainability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) intensify, direct upcycling has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional recycling methods. However, its practical adoption is hindered by the need for high-pressure processing and the limited particle size of regenerated materials. Here, we present a new upcycling method, direct exposure heating (DEH), which selectively accelerates beneficial reaction kinetics while suppressing detrimental side reactions. DEH prevents liquid-phase depletion by eliminating the non-equilibrium heating ramp stage and minimizes irreversible phase transitions by bypassing prolonged intermediate temperatures. Under mild pressure (∼5 MPa), this process transforms secondary particles from spent LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM523) into large, structurally stable single-crystal LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>O2 (NCM622) particles. Grounded in thermodynamic and kinetic control, DEH resolves the long-standing trade-off between particle size and structural integrity, offering a scalable strategy not only for accelerating LIB upcycling commercialization but also for broadening advanced material synthesis.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102102
Samuel Johnson, Daniel Morales, Kell Fremouw, Isaac E. Gould, Tomoko Borsa, Steve Johnston, Axel Palmstrom, Ryan A. DeCrescent, Michael D. McGehee
{"title":"How non-ohmic contact-layer diodes in perovskite pinholes affect abrupt low-voltage reverse-bias breakdown and destruction of solar cells","authors":"Samuel Johnson, Daniel Morales, Kell Fremouw, Isaac E. Gould, Tomoko Borsa, Steve Johnston, Axel Palmstrom, Ryan A. DeCrescent, Michael D. McGehee","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102102","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) rapidly degrade under reverse bias, a condition that may occur during partial shading. Here, we use electrical measurements, electron microscopy, and optical and thermal imaging to investigate abrupt breakdown and hotspotting under low reverse potentials (<|−2| V). We show that microscopic pinholes in the perovskite layer cause rapid, destructive breakdown under reverse bias despite minimally reducing power conversion efficiencies. Measurements on miniature (200-micrometer diameter) PSCs and perovskite-free transport-layer diodes indicate that abrupt, low-voltage breakdown occurs in nanoscale to micrometer-scale defects and that metal migration and filamentation are unlikely causes. Reverse-bias stability substantially improves when pinholes in the perovskite and transport layers are eliminated. Atomic layer deposition of tin oxide prevents abrupt breakdown by ensuring physical separation between electrodes—not by blocking metal ion migration. Perovskite researchers should adopt cleaner, more uniform deposition techniques to enable robust PSCs for further research and commercial applications.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
