Open Respiratory Archives最新文献

{"title":"Use of New Tobacco and Nicotine Products as a Harm Reduction Strategy: A Critical Review of the Evidence","authors":"Carlos Andrés Jimenez-Ruiz ,&nbsp;José Ignacio de Granda-Orive ,&nbsp;Carlos Rábade Castedo ,&nbsp;Harold J. Farber ,&nbsp;Angélica Ocampo ,&nbsp;Susana Luhning ,&nbsp;Beatriz Raboso-Moreno ,&nbsp;Lola del Puerto-Garcia ,&nbsp;Daniel Buljubasich ,&nbsp;Manuel Conrado Pacheco-Gallego ,&nbsp;José Antonio Castillo-Vizueta ,&nbsp;Rosa Mirambeaux-Villalona ,&nbsp;Marcos García-Rueda ,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Riesco-Miranda ,&nbsp;Ángela Ramos-Pinedo ,&nbsp;Jaime Signes-Costa ,&nbsp;Ledys Blanquicett-Barrios ,&nbsp;Eva de Higes-Martinez ,&nbsp;Catalina Casillas-Suarez ,&nbsp;Concepción Rodríguez-García ,&nbsp;Maribel Cristóbal-Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.opresp.2025.100534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.opresp.2025.100534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sale, distribution, and indiscriminate use of new tobacco and nicotine products have multiplied. The most relevant products are: electronic cigarettes (ECs), heated tobacco (HT), and nicotine pouches (NPs). From the tobacco industry and its related health sectors, and even from some health institutions with no clear influence from this industry, the use of all these devices is being promoted as an excellent harm reduction strategy for those conventional tobacco smokers who do not want to or cannot quit smoking. This paper reviewed the lack of scientific evidence of this strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34317,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Archives","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 100534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Interstitial Lung Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management","authors":"María Florencia Pilia ,&nbsp;Enriqueta Felip ,&nbsp;David Espejo ,&nbsp;Nuria Pardo ,&nbsp;Marta Andreu Casas ,&nbsp;David Clofent ,&nbsp;Ana Villar ,&nbsp;Iñigo Ojanguren","doi":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune checkpoint inhibitors associated interstitial lung diseases (ICI-ILD) affect approximately 2–5% of patients receiving immunotherapy and represent one of the most serious and potentially life-threatening immune-related adverse events. The pathogenesis remains incompletely elucidated; however, current understanding suggests a multifactorial etiology involving immune dysregulation, genetic susceptibility, and pre-existing pulmonary vulnerability. ICI-ILD can occur at any time during immunotherapy, with a median onset typically occurring two to three months after the initiation of treatment. Nevertheless, cases have been reported as early as a few days and as late as one year after starting therapy. Clinical manifestations can vary considerably, ranging from asymptomatic radiographic abnormalities to severe respiratory distress. The findings of computed tomography are highly variable, and may include ground-glass opacities, consolidation, reticulation, centrilobular nodules, septal thickening, honeycombing, and traction bronchiectasis. Flexible bronchoscopy is an invasive procedure used to assess airway patency, identify endobronchial lesions, aspirate secretions, and perform bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy. Performing bronchoalveolar lavage is recommended to rule out infection, particularly in immunosuppressed patients, as well as to identify signs of alveolar hemorrhage. Management of ICI-ILD primarily involves systemic corticosteroids, with dosage and duration determined by the severity of the disease. Steroid-refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis is defined as the absence of clinical improvement after 48–72<!--> <!-->h of high-dose corticosteroid therapy. In such cases, immunosuppressive agents such as infliximab, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide, tocilizumab, intravenous immunoglobulin, or plasmapheresis are recommended. Rechallenge with immune checkpoint inhibitors must be individualized, considering the high risk of recurrence, particularly following severe pneumonitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34317,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Archives","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 100578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Uncommon Cause of Massive Hemothorax: Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation in the Right Middle Lobe","authors":"Javier Álvarez Albarrán ,&nbsp;Claudia Poo Fernández ,&nbsp;Sara Naranjo Gozalo","doi":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare vascular anomalies that can lead to severe complications when ruptured. We report the case of a 65-year-old active smoker who presented to the emergency department with acute pleuritic chest pain, severe dyspnea, and hypoxemia. Chest CT revealed a large PAVM in the right middle lobe, associated with massive hemothorax and a small pneumothorax. The patient had no history of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Initial management included pleural drainage and endovascular embolization with a 16<!--> <!-->mm Amplatzer™ device. Due to persistent respiratory failure and high risk of rebleeding, a right middle lobectomy was subsequently performed. Intraoperative findings confirmed a partially thrombosed AVM and correct device placement. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with no recurrent bleeding. This case highlights a rare cause of spontaneous massive hemothorax requiring combined endovascular and surgical management, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care in idiopathic PAVMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34317,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Archives","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nintedanib in a Dialysis Patient with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A One-Year Follow-Up Without Major Adverse Events","authors":"Cristina Matesanz-López,&nbsp;María Asunción Nieto-Barbero","doi":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100579","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34317,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Archives","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 100579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-Centred Strategies: The Cornerstone of Bronchiectasis Management","authors":"Beatriz Herrero-Cortina","doi":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100616","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34317,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Archives","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 100616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Observational Studies Overestimate the Effectiveness of Cytisinicline?","authors":"Raúl Majo García ,&nbsp;Cristina Díez Flecha ,&nbsp;Sheila María Martínez Tahoces","doi":"10.1016/j.opresp.2025.100535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.opresp.2025.100535","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34317,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Archives","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 100535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Pneumonia in a Patient With Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy (OPMD) due to GCN Expansion in the PABPN1 Gene: A Diagnostic Challenge","authors":"Claudia Mañana Valdés ,&nbsp;Miguel Arias Guillén ,&nbsp;Germán Moris de la Tassa","doi":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare neuromuscular disorder that may present with respiratory complications, yet it is seldom considered in this context.</div><div>We report a 68-year-old institutionalized man, independent in daily activities, who presented with exertional dyspnea, fever, productive cough, hypoxemia, and bibasilar crackles. Laboratory tests showed normocytic anemia, lymphopenia, and elevated C-reactive protein; chest imaging revealed an alveolo-interstitial pattern. Despite empirical antibiotics, he experienced recurrent relapses with fever and radiological worsening. Immunological studies showed T-cell lymphopenia, reduced NK cells, and isolated anti-SSA/Ro52 positivity. <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> was detected in an initial bronchoalveolar lavage but not confirmed, and no significant immunosuppression was found. Later, bilateral ptosis, proximal weakness, and oropharyngeal dysphagia prompted neuromuscular evaluation. Muscle MRI showed symmetric atrophy, and quadriceps biopsy revealed rimmed vacuoles. Genetic analysis confirmed OPMD (GCN repeat expansion in PABPN1). This case emphasizes the need to consider neuromuscular causes of recurrent pneumonia and the value of multidisciplinary, genetic-based diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34317,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Archives","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection of Endobronchial Valves by Mycobacterium kansasii Following Endoscopic Volume Reduction","authors":"Stephany Ivonne Briones Alvarado,&nbsp;Javier García López,&nbsp;Francisco José Caballero Segura,&nbsp;Javier De Miguel-Díez","doi":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) using endobronchial valves (EBV) has become established as a therapeutic option in patients with advanced COPD. Although infectious complications associated with this procedure are rare, the creation of functionally isolated lung segments and the presence of prosthetic surfaces can promote secretion retention and biofilm formation, predisposing patients to the development of persistent infections caused by opportunistic microorganisms. We present the case of a patient who underwent ELVR with EBV implantation and developed functional deterioration secondary to a <em>Mycobacterium kansasii</em> infection as a complication of the procedure. This case suggests that relative hypoxia induced by EBVs, theoretically a limiting factor for bacterial growth, could paradoxically contribute to creating a niche for slow-growing bacteria such as mycobacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34317,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Archives","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 100612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147599880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum of Respiratory Involvement in Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome: Insights From a Case Report","authors":"Arianna Andrade ,&nbsp;Isabel Pava-Bernat ,&nbsp;Luis del Carpio ,&nbsp;Galo Granados ,&nbsp;Antía Ferreiro-Posse","doi":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by type III collagen deficiency and marked vascular fragility, which can lead to atypical thoracic manifestations and diagnostic uncertainty. We report a 30-year-old man who initially presented with an ischemic stroke due to arterial dissection and was later diagnosed with vEDS following identification of a pathogenic COL3A1 variant. During follow-up, he developed a large cavitary lung lesion initially treated as an abscess, as well as multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules, some cavitated or surrounded by ground-glass halos, that raised concern for malignancy or infection. Extensive workup with PET/CT, bronchoscopy, and comprehensive microbiologic, cytologic, and immunologic testing was inconclusive, and invasive procedures were avoided because of the high bleeding risk. The multidisciplinary team concluded that the findings were intrapulmonary hematomas from vascular fragility. This case emphasizes the need to consider vEDS-related vascular complications in atypical pulmonary lesions to avoid harmful interventions, and highlights the importance of coordinated, multidisciplinary management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34317,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Archives","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 100605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147599881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conocimientos y actitudes sobre los determinantes sociales de la salud respiratoria en los miembros de la SEPAR","authors":"Joan B. Soriano ,&nbsp;Carlos Almonacid ,&nbsp;Isabel Urrutia-Landa ,&nbsp;Miguel Perpiñá-Tordera ,&nbsp;por el Grupo Transversal Determinantes Sociales de la Salud Respiratoria, SEPAR","doi":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.opresp.2026.100618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge and perceptions of social determinants of respiratory health (SDRH) were assessed among SEPAR members using an anonymous online survey. 293 professionals responded (4.8% of members). Although 98.6% recognized that SDRH affects clinical outcomes and more than 78% identified affected patients, 74.7% had never received specific training. The most frequently used indicators were: housing conditions (77.1%), educational level (70%), and language barriers (62.5%). Only 3.4% used standardized instruments, and 12.3% had sufficient time during consultations. Obstacles included low institutional priority, lack of protocols, and time constraints. Among the responding members, a high level of awareness regarding the relevance of SDRH was observed. However, the low response rate limits the generalizability of the results to the entire SEPAR membership. There is an urgent need to develop training strategies and specific protocols on SDRH, a demand supported by 74% of respondents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34317,"journal":{"name":"Open Respiratory Archives","volume":"8 2","pages":"Article 100618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}