Avoidable Mortality Burden Attributable to PM2.5 in Madrid (Spain)

Q4 Medicine

Open Respiratory Archives Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.opresp.2025.100494

Ángel López-Encuentra , Esther Gil Cid , Víctor Abraira , Luis Miguel Pozo Coronado , on behalf of the Coordinadora Vecinal Distrito Latina (COVELA), the Asociación Madres por el Clima Lourdes

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Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) established in 2021 an annual health limit of 5 μg/m³ for outdoor PM2.5 concentrations (cPM2.5). Our objective was to evaluate the health impact of cPM2.5 in two locations of a large city during 2023. In the first study (South; more socially vulnerable), the 5 μg/m³ limit was exceeded 70% of the time. Additionally, 26% of the values were above 15 μg/m³. In the second study (Central), this limit (5 μg/m³) was exceeded 99% of the time, and 64% of the values were above 15 μg/m³. Based on data from both locations (1,149,930 inhabitants over the age of 25), annual lung cancer mortality ranged from 23 to 38 cases (6.7%–8.7%), while mortality from non-communicable diseases ranged from 700 to 854 cases (10.7%–12.3%). The avoidable burden of mortality attributable to annual PM2.5 concentrations justifies the urgent need for their drastic reduction as a public health policy.

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马德里（西班牙）PM2.5可避免的死亡率负担

世界卫生组织（世卫组织）于2021年将室外PM2.5浓度（cPM2.5）的年度健康限值定为5 μg/m3。我们的目标是在2023年期间评估一个大城市两个地点的pm2.5对健康的影响。在第一项研究中（南方，社会弱势），超过5 μg/m3限值的比例为70%。超过15 μg/m3的占26%。在第二项研究（中部）中，超过该限值（5 μg/m3）的占99%，超过15 μg/m3的占64%。根据两个地点（25岁以上居民1 149,930人）的数据，每年肺癌死亡率为23至38例（6.7%-8.7%），非传染性疾病死亡率为700至854例（10.7%-12.3%）。每年PM2.5浓度造成的死亡负担是可以避免的，因此，作为一项公共卫生政策，迫切需要大幅减少PM2.5浓度。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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