M. Florian Beug, Harald Moser, Michael Hinz, Axel Kölling
{"title":"Improved dynamic bridge standard as universal tool for bridge amplifier characterisation and calibration","authors":"M. Florian Beug, Harald Moser, Michael Hinz, Axel Kölling","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the improved dynamic PTB bridge standard which now generates fully symmetrical output signals. It can be used for dynamic bridge amplifier calibration according to ISO 4965–2 and operates with all combinations of dc and carrier frequency bridge supply voltages together with simulated measurement signals that can be static, dynamic, or a combination of both. Furthermore, it can be used for bridge amplifier linearity investigations due to its good inherent linearity. Consequently, it is a universal tool for most bridge amplifier investigations and calibrations, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Micro torque calibration and measurement device for specialised electromagnetic components of inertial navigation system","authors":"Hongli Qi, Tao Li, Xianglong Ma, Shuoyuan Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The micro torque measurement and calibration technology is very important in the field of ships, aviation, and aerospace. Micro torque is one of the most important parameters of the key electromagnetic component of inertial navigation system, which is usually from the mN⋅m to μN·m. To measure its micro torque value, this paper introduces a standard torque device that can calibrate and measure the micro torque value of the electromagnetic components of inertial navigation systems. The device has a measurement range from 10<sup>−6</sup> N·m to 10<sup>−4</sup> N m, and a measurement uncertainty better than 1 % (<em>k</em> = 2). The device uses the micro-N·m torque calibration and measurement technology based on the flexure support, designs the ultra-thin, one-piece, and limit protection structure of the flexure support, realises the zero-stiffness support of the device, and solves the multi-degree-of-freedom torsional deformation problem of the flexure support, to make the micro-torque measurement range expand to 10<sup>−6</sup> N m.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on simulation extrapolation estimation method in large-scale torque measurement scene","authors":"Jialin Lyu, Peijun Wang, Wubin Lyu, Yuxin Sun, Shujing Xu, Xianglong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the practical needs of measuring large-scale torque in high-speed engines and wind turbines, how to reasonably extrapolate and estimate torque values, and ensure the accuracy of large-scale torque measurement results, has become an urgent problem to be investigated. In this paper, the large-scale torque extrapolation estimation problem was studied by experiment and simulation. Firstly, two different types of torque transducers were placed on the torque measurement standard device, and the torque measurement points were taken and recorded at the corresponding values of 20 %, 50 % and 100 % of the full range respectively. Then, based on the changing trend of torque value and interpolation deviation in different range, the linear extrapolation estimation method was adopted, and the estimation model of large-scale torque was established. Based on the torque data in 20 % and 50 % of the full range in the experiment, the full range torque value was predicted by simulation and compared with the results in experiment. Finally, the effectiveness of the linear extrapolation estimation method was analyzed and compared, in order to provide an effective reference for the accuracy and traceability of large-scale measurement of torque transducers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huaisuo Zhang , Zecheng Tao , Luo Xin , Liehui Qian , Shen Qi
{"title":"Research and discussion on traceability of force values for large force standard machines","authors":"Huaisuo Zhang , Zecheng Tao , Luo Xin , Liehui Qian , Shen Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precise measurement of large force values, especially those above 20 MN, has always been a difficulty to be urgently solved in China and abroad, and has not been solved yet. To solve this problem, this article provides a practical and feasible method for traceability and calibration of high-precision large range force values. Using the Pascal principle, a small range testing system with known accuracy is connected to the measured large range force standard machine through a pipeline, with a hydraulic cylinder system with known surface area at both ends. The accuracy of the large range force is accurately determined through sensitivity measurement, and this method can test the friction and other parameters of the hydraulic cylinder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards improving the metrological performance of a graphite calorimeter for radiation dosimetry measurements","authors":"Susy Toma , Massimo Pinto , Fausto Arpino , Domenico Capriglione","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper summarizes the progress on enhancing the metrological performance of the Italian national standard of absorbed dose to water, a graphite calorimeter, in a water phantom, for radiation dosimetry measurements designed and built at ENEA-INMRI, National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology in Italy. This constitutes the first application of graphite calorimetry in the mid-energy x-ray region, with generating voltages from 180 to 250 kV, in an effort to improve the measurement accuracy of the quantity absorbed dose to water, <em>D</em><sub><em>w</em></sub>. The design of the Italian primary standard for absorbed dose to water <em>D</em><sub><em>w</em></sub> is shown, together with a wide experimental campaign aimed at identifying the optimized instrument settings which allows improving the measurement repeatability and reducing the overall uncertainty budget.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanjie Chen , Na Wang , JinXin Xu , Ruiduo Yin , Jie Chen , Xiaobin Xie , Jianing Chen , Yue Min , Haigen Li
{"title":"The research of force standard machine tracing to the Planck constant h","authors":"Yuanjie Chen , Na Wang , JinXin Xu , Ruiduo Yin , Jie Chen , Xiaobin Xie , Jianing Chen , Yue Min , Haigen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The force transducer converts the magnitude of a force into an associated electrical signal, detecting mechanical quantities such as tension, pressure, weight, torque, strain, and internal stress. Being an indispensable core component of power equipment, construction machinery, various working machinery, and industrial automation systems, the calibration of the force transducer is crucial. This paper proposes a continuous force standard machine for calibrating force transducers, which combines the advantages of the common force standard machines and the Kibble balance. The goal of the proposed standard machine is to continuously measure the electromagnetic force and trace the force to Planck constant <em>h</em>. In the proposed design, the standard electromagnetic force of kilonewton magnitude is generated by the permanent magnet and coil system, which can be continuously changed by adjusting the magnitude and direction of the coil current. The electromagnetic force, amplified by the unequal arm balance lever, acts on the calibrated transducer. Herein, the concrete components of the new force standard machine are given, and the feasibility is demonstrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel vegetation index for the detection and age determination of tree resin","authors":"Martin Richter, Maik Rosenberger, Gunther Notni","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we analysed the reflectance spectrum of spruce trees with the aim of deriving an index based on the NDVI principle that allows easy and fast identification of tree resin on and around spruce trees. The proposed normalized resin difference index uses a wavelength of 1688 nm in combination with either 1093 nm, 1138 nm or 1282 nm to reliably distinguish resin traces from bark and moss. Based on the initial experiments, the proposed index may be promising to be used as an indicator of the age of the resin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benedikt Hollmann , Christina Junger , Gunther Notni
{"title":"Potential of full-colour 3d-printing in multisensual education","authors":"Benedikt Hollmann , Christina Junger , Gunther Notni","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our Study investigates the potential of integrating tactile elements into educational materials using a specialized 3D printer, the <em>XYZprinting Da Vinci Color</em>. We are examining its effectiveness in professional learning environments. Additionally, we are exploring various methods such as scanning and modelling to create tactile-friendly print models. Well compile a comprehensive guide on utilizing the printer and these methods, which will streamline future research and application. Our findings indicate that while the printer can produce high-quality models, it also has limitations. Also, the effort needed to create printable and coloured models is strongly dependent on the use case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metrological traceability for the absolute gravity Italian network","authors":"Alessio Facello , Alessandro Germak , Andrea Prato , Filippo Greco , Luca Samperi , Danilo Contrafatto , Giovanna Berrino , Federica Riguzzi , Riccardo Barzaghi , Augusto Mazzoni","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Absolute Gravity Italian Network project aims to update the Italian gravity network that nowadays is framed to IGSN71, established in 1971. The focal point of the project is to define a new reference for gravity with absolute gravity observations performed according to the international standardised methodology detailed in the document “CCM-IAG Strategy for Metrology in Absolute Gravimetry” (2015). IAG resolution No. 2 and subsequent, moreover establish the need to satisfy the metrological traceability also for Absolute Gravity measurements. This can be exploited by different methods such as reference sites, international comparisons of absolute gravimeters and calibration by comparison.</div><div>Measurements have been performed in appropriate sites distributed across the Italian country. The collected and validated data will be stored in an open database, as the absolute gravity database maintained by the Bureau Gravimétrique International/Bundesamt fuer Kartographie und Geodaesie when will be operative, contributing to feed the new International Terrestrial Gravity Reference System.</div><div>All the gravimeters used in the measurements participated to the international comparisons organised by CCM and/or EURAMET TC-M obtaining compatible results. However, in order to validate the results and to ensure traceability to the SI, additional comparisons between the absolute gravimeters used in the measurements have been performed just before the measurement campaign. The primary Italian reference instrument is the absolute gravimeter IMGC-02, developed and maintained by INRiM with an expanded measurement uncertainty of 8.5 μGal. The comparison sites are both located at INRiM and are provided with solid basements that guarantee good measurement repeatability and low floor noise which could ensure the final uncertainty. This paper shows the results of these measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Limin Zeng , Yao Xiao , Hao Cao , Hao Wang , Wei Shen , Sujuan Xiang , Shenghui Bao , Xinyue Wei
{"title":"Study on force transducers dynamic calibration according to sinusoidal method","authors":"Limin Zeng , Yao Xiao , Hao Cao , Hao Wang , Wei Shen , Sujuan Xiang , Shenghui Bao , Xinyue Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aims to introduce the current progress of dynamic calibration of force transducers by sinusoidal method. The acceleration measurement by absolute method is the developing direction of sinusoidal force measurement. Besides, the influence of acceleration distribution of mass block should be taken into consideration. The size, density, and Young's modulus of the mass block affect the acceleration distribution. The study demonstrates that the uniform acceleration distribution in materials like steel and cemented carbide leads to more accurate calibration outcomes, the diameter and height of the mass block have a significant influence on the distribution of acceleration. The vibration frequency of sinusoidal force directly affects the dynamic calibration result of the sensitivity of the force sensor, and the natural frequency of standard devices of sinusoidal force calibration is affected by the mass block dramatically. Therefore, it is suggested that an international standard for dynamic calibration of force transducers based on sinusoidal methods should be formulated to resolve the differences between the relevant technical standards and the requirements of calibration items and methods for force transducers among various countries. Therefore, the unified calculation method and quantity values of dynamic calibration of force transducers according to the sinusoidal method can be achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}