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A novel vegetation index for the detection and age determination of tree resin 一种用于树脂检测和年龄测定的新型植被指数
Measurement Sensors Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101316
Martin Richter, Maik Rosenberger, Gunther Notni
{"title":"A novel vegetation index for the detection and age determination of tree resin","authors":"Martin Richter,&nbsp;Maik Rosenberger,&nbsp;Gunther Notni","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we analysed the reflectance spectrum of spruce trees with the aim of deriving an index based on the NDVI principle that allows easy and fast identification of tree resin on and around spruce trees. The proposed normalized resin difference index uses a wavelength of 1688 nm in combination with either 1093 nm, 1138 nm or 1282 nm to reliably distinguish resin traces from bark and moss. Based on the initial experiments, the proposed index may be promising to be used as an indicator of the age of the resin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Potential of full-colour 3d-printing in multisensual education 全彩3d打印在多感官教育中的潜力
Measurement Sensors Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101317
Benedikt Hollmann , Christina Junger , Gunther Notni
{"title":"Potential of full-colour 3d-printing in multisensual education","authors":"Benedikt Hollmann ,&nbsp;Christina Junger ,&nbsp;Gunther Notni","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our Study investigates the potential of integrating tactile elements into educational materials using a specialized 3D printer, the <em>XYZprinting Da Vinci Color</em>. We are examining its effectiveness in professional learning environments. Additionally, we are exploring various methods such as scanning and modelling to create tactile-friendly print models. Well compile a comprehensive guide on utilizing the printer and these methods, which will streamline future research and application. Our findings indicate that while the printer can produce high-quality models, it also has limitations. Also, the effort needed to create printable and coloured models is strongly dependent on the use case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
1 kN·m binary dead weight torque standard machine at SASO / NMCC SASO / NMCC的1 kN·m二进制自重扭矩标准机
Measurement Sensors Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101383
C. Doğan , S. Tunacı , S.A. Bin Jarbua , S.M. AlQarni
{"title":"1 kN·m binary dead weight torque standard machine at SASO / NMCC","authors":"C. Doğan ,&nbsp;S. Tunacı ,&nbsp;S.A. Bin Jarbua ,&nbsp;S.M. AlQarni","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 1 kN·m binary dead weight torque standard machine was established at National Measurement and Calibration Center (SASO/NMCC) in 2019 by TÜBİTAK UME. Realisation of torque unit is based on the definition of torque and directly traceable to the mass, length, and time units. It is performed by a lever arm and deadweight system. The lever arm is symmetrical and supported by an air bearing. The machine has two identical and independent dead weight sets, work according to a binary system to create right and left hand torques. All dead weights are under the influence of local gravity and air buoyancy. The machine can apply torque from 1 N·m to 1000 N m with a resolution of 1 N m.</div><div>This paper describes the mechanical structure of the machine and uncertainty assessment. The relative expanded measurement uncertainty is smaller than 1 × 10<sup>−4</sup> in the range of 1 N·m to 1000 N m.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metrological traceability for the absolute gravity Italian network 意大利绝对重力网络的计量溯源性
Measurement Sensors Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101389
Alessio Facello , Alessandro Germak , Andrea Prato , Filippo Greco , Luca Samperi , Danilo Contrafatto , Giovanna Berrino , Federica Riguzzi , Riccardo Barzaghi , Augusto Mazzoni
{"title":"Metrological traceability for the absolute gravity Italian network","authors":"Alessio Facello ,&nbsp;Alessandro Germak ,&nbsp;Andrea Prato ,&nbsp;Filippo Greco ,&nbsp;Luca Samperi ,&nbsp;Danilo Contrafatto ,&nbsp;Giovanna Berrino ,&nbsp;Federica Riguzzi ,&nbsp;Riccardo Barzaghi ,&nbsp;Augusto Mazzoni","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Absolute Gravity Italian Network project aims to update the Italian gravity network that nowadays is framed to IGSN71, established in 1971. The focal point of the project is to define a new reference for gravity with absolute gravity observations performed according to the international standardised methodology detailed in the document “CCM-IAG Strategy for Metrology in Absolute Gravimetry” (2015). IAG resolution No. 2 and subsequent, moreover establish the need to satisfy the metrological traceability also for Absolute Gravity measurements. This can be exploited by different methods such as reference sites, international comparisons of absolute gravimeters and calibration by comparison.</div><div>Measurements have been performed in appropriate sites distributed across the Italian country. The collected and validated data will be stored in an open database, as the absolute gravity database maintained by the Bureau Gravimétrique International/Bundesamt fuer Kartographie und Geodaesie when will be operative, contributing to feed the new International Terrestrial Gravity Reference System.</div><div>All the gravimeters used in the measurements participated to the international comparisons organised by CCM and/or EURAMET TC-M obtaining compatible results. However, in order to validate the results and to ensure traceability to the SI, additional comparisons between the absolute gravimeters used in the measurements have been performed just before the measurement campaign. The primary Italian reference instrument is the absolute gravimeter IMGC-02, developed and maintained by INRiM with an expanded measurement uncertainty of 8.5 μGal. The comparison sites are both located at INRiM and are provided with solid basements that guarantee good measurement repeatability and low floor noise which could ensure the final uncertainty. This paper shows the results of these measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study on force transducers dynamic calibration according to sinusoidal method 基于正弦法的力传感器动态标定研究
Measurement Sensors Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101373
Limin Zeng , Yao Xiao , Hao Cao , Hao Wang , Wei Shen , Sujuan Xiang , Shenghui Bao , Xinyue Wei
{"title":"Study on force transducers dynamic calibration according to sinusoidal method","authors":"Limin Zeng ,&nbsp;Yao Xiao ,&nbsp;Hao Cao ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Shen ,&nbsp;Sujuan Xiang ,&nbsp;Shenghui Bao ,&nbsp;Xinyue Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aims to introduce the current progress of dynamic calibration of force transducers by sinusoidal method. The acceleration measurement by absolute method is the developing direction of sinusoidal force measurement. Besides, the influence of acceleration distribution of mass block should be taken into consideration. The size, density, and Young's modulus of the mass block affect the acceleration distribution. The study demonstrates that the uniform acceleration distribution in materials like steel and cemented carbide leads to more accurate calibration outcomes, the diameter and height of the mass block have a significant influence on the distribution of acceleration. The vibration frequency of sinusoidal force directly affects the dynamic calibration result of the sensitivity of the force sensor, and the natural frequency of standard devices of sinusoidal force calibration is affected by the mass block dramatically. Therefore, it is suggested that an international standard for dynamic calibration of force transducers based on sinusoidal methods should be formulated to resolve the differences between the relevant technical standards and the requirements of calibration items and methods for force transducers among various countries. Therefore, the unified calculation method and quantity values of dynamic calibration of force transducers according to the sinusoidal method can be achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of measurement methods for the correction factor of microcalorimeters 微量热计校正系数测量方法的比较
Measurement Sensors Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101413
Windi Kurnia Perangin-Angin , Jürgen Rühaak , Karsten Kuhlmann
{"title":"Comparison of measurement methods for the correction factor of microcalorimeters","authors":"Windi Kurnia Perangin-Angin ,&nbsp;Jürgen Rühaak ,&nbsp;Karsten Kuhlmann","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Correction factor is one of the key parameters in the characterization of a microcalorimeter. The correction factor of the microcalorimeter removes the power loss contribution to the RF power measurement in the calibration of an RF power sensor. National Metrology Institutes choose the measurement method of the microcalorimeter correction factor based on its advantages and disadvantages. Here, the determination of the correction factor using three methods, i.e. offset short, short foil, and VNA method has been conducted for an R 500 waveguide microcalorimeter. The results are compared, and the correction factors of all methods show a good agreement. Also analysed are the measurement uncertainties of the three techniques. The measurement uncertainty of the correction factor is the most significant uncertainty source for the determination of effective efficiency of a transfer standard.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contribution to the calibration of current transformers with a rated secondary current of less than 1A 协助校正额定二次电流小于1A的电流互感器
Measurement Sensors Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101428
Dragana Naumovic-Vukovic, Slobodan Skundric
{"title":"Contribution to the calibration of current transformers with a rated secondary current of less than 1A","authors":"Dragana Naumovic-Vukovic,&nbsp;Slobodan Skundric","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Standardized values of current transformers with the rated secondary currents of 5 A and 1 A are defined according to the requirements of analog measuring and relay techniques that were typical for the technology of the last century. The development of microprocessor technics and technology as well as digitalization processes in transmission and distribution sectors of power industry requires rated secondary currents of current transformers of less than 1A. That implies different technical and technology difficulties in manufacturing such transformers as well as its accuracy testing. This paper is contribution to the calibration of current transformers with the rated secondary currents of less than 1A. The paper presents a new, modified differential measurement method that enables the calibration of the current transformers with the rated secondary current of less than 1A using a standard current transformer with the rated secondary current of 5A.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research on load frequency control of new power system based on improved sparrow search algorithm 基于改进麻雀搜索算法的新型电力系统负荷频率控制研究
Measurement Sensors Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101432
Yuxin Zhang, Xueyao Wang, Xiangchen Qian, Yifan Wang, Xingxing Zeng, Qin Wang
{"title":"Research on load frequency control of new power system based on improved sparrow search algorithm","authors":"Yuxin Zhang,&nbsp;Xueyao Wang,&nbsp;Xiangchen Qian,&nbsp;Yifan Wang,&nbsp;Xingxing Zeng,&nbsp;Qin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve power quality and power system stability, load frequency control (LFC) is introduced. The object of load frequency control has been transformed into a new power system with the participation of renewable energy sources with characteristics such as randomness, intermittentness, and volatility. In the interconnected power system, the control of load frequency plays an important role in the control of actual power, frequency, and link power. This paper mainly constructs a three-region interconnected power system model of wind, solar, thermal, and storage, combines fuzzy control and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control to build a fuzzy PID controller, uses the performance index time absolute error integral (ITAE) as the objective function, and an improved Sparrow search algorithm is used to optimize the proportional parameters of the fuzzy controller and the initial values of the PID controller, and the frequency deviation and the contact line deviation of the system are controlled in a smaller range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scaled test bench for the measurement of a hybrid full-electric powertrain efficiency 用于测量混合动力全电动动力系统效率的比例测试台
Measurement Sensors Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101433
Livio D'Alvia , Gabriele Gagliardi , Ludovica Apa , Carmine Cava , Emanuele Rizzuto , Domenico Borello , Zaccaria Del Prete
{"title":"Scaled test bench for the measurement of a hybrid full-electric powertrain efficiency","authors":"Livio D'Alvia ,&nbsp;Gabriele Gagliardi ,&nbsp;Ludovica Apa ,&nbsp;Carmine Cava ,&nbsp;Emanuele Rizzuto ,&nbsp;Domenico Borello ,&nbsp;Zaccaria Del Prete","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the evolving landscape of transportation, sustainability and efficiency are priorities. Hybrid energy systems, integrating batteries, fuel cells, or solar power, offer promising solutions but pose challenges in accurately measuring efficiency. The proposed Measurement Scale Bench is crucial for evaluating traction systems powered by hybrid sources. It simulates real-world scenarios, balancing energy management through hydrogen fuel cells and batteries. The system comprises three blocks: one for fuel cells, one for batteries, and one for propulsion, hydrogen consumption measurement, and motor performance evaluation. Experimental tests validate its effectiveness in replicating urban and exurban cycles, making it an ideal scale model for hybrid vehicles, following the UNI EN 1986–1:1998. It reveals consistent behaviour between engine energy demand, speed variations, and energy storage responses, providing valuable insights for hybrid vehicle development. Moreover, the bench's modularity not only supports diverse system configurations but also serves as an educational tool, inspiring and promoting innovation in sustainable transportation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Online impedance estimation of induction motor coils using a CS-based measurement method 基于cs测量方法的感应电机线圈阻抗在线估计
Measurement Sensors Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101425
Jozef Kromka , Antonia Juskova , Ondrej Kovac , Jan Saliga , Pasquale Daponte , Luca De Vito , Francesco Picariello , Sergio Rapuano , Ioan Tudosa
{"title":"Online impedance estimation of induction motor coils using a CS-based measurement method","authors":"Jozef Kromka ,&nbsp;Antonia Juskova ,&nbsp;Ondrej Kovac ,&nbsp;Jan Saliga ,&nbsp;Pasquale Daponte ,&nbsp;Luca De Vito ,&nbsp;Francesco Picariello ,&nbsp;Sergio Rapuano ,&nbsp;Ioan Tudosa","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2024.101425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel measurement method utilizing the Compressed Sensing (CS) technique that enables the real-time estimation of impedance variation in an induction motor coil. Herein, a mathematical model of the proposed measurement method is described, and thereafter the motor coil impedance model and the method's numerical assessment in terms of root-mean-squared error as a main figure-of-merit for method validation are presented. The preliminary results indicate that the proposed measurement method has the potential for sensing motor coil impedance variation with good accuracy. This capability could be further used for non-contact inside motor temperature estimation or for detecting motor faults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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