Current Research in Microbial Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Changes in groundwater and surface water bacterial communities under disinfection processes: Chlorination, ozonization, photo-fenton and ultraviolet radiation","authors":"Lucía Castaño-Henao ,&nbsp;David Felipe Garcia Mendez ,&nbsp;Siobhon Egan ,&nbsp;Janeth Sanabria","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pathogenic bacteria, introduced in water sources through faecal contamination, have traditionally been investigated as individual species, leading to the establishment of microbial, sanitary, and environmental quality indicators. Recent advancements in our understanding of the microbiome and its intricate interactions within the human-microbiome-environment network advocate for a broader evaluation of the impact of disinfection on the entire microbial community. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive screening experiment involving four disinfection processes; ozone, ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths between 200 – 280 nm (UV-C), photo-Fenton, and chlorination, applied to two distinct water sources; surface (SW) and groundwater (GW). The cells that remained viable after treatment were recovered using Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used for their identification. Our findings confirmed the presence of faecal contamination in the water sources and revealed distinct effects of each treatment on the recovered bacterial populations. The chlorination of groundwater samples likely had a greater impact on bacteria in a vegetative state than on spores. Consequently, this led to a higher abundance in the BHI cultures of sporulating bacteria such as <em>Bacillus</em> (increasing from 0.36 to 93.62 %), while ozonation led to an elevated recovery of <em>Pseudomonas</em> (increasing from 45.2 to 69.9 %). Conversely, in surface water, calcium hypochlorite and ozone treatments favored the selection of <em>Staphylococcus</em> and <em>Bacillus</em>, whose relative abundance in the cultures increased from 0 to 39.22 % and from 0.35 to 96.6 %, respectively. In groundwater, <em>Pseudomonas</em> was resistant to UV-C radiation and their relative abundance increased from 45.2 % to 93.56 %, while photo-Fenton was effective against this bacterial group decreasing its relative abundance to 0.46 %. However, other genera such as <em>Bacteroides, Aeromonas</em>, and <em>Citrobacter</em> seemed to be less injured by this disinfection process. BHI broth was successful in recovering various bacterial groups that exhibited resistance to sublethal water disinfection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517424000269/pdfft?md5=f2384f79903b936120b2f57e26089d5c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666517424000269-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential gliding motility responses of Chryseobacterium sp. strain PMSZPI isolated from uranium ore deposit on hard and soft substrates","authors":"Lalitharashmi Yermunja ,&nbsp;Celin Acharya","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Bacteroidota</em> bacterium, <em>Chryseobacterium</em> sp. strain PMSZPI isolated from sub-surface soil of uranium ore deposit was shown to move on solid surfaces via gliding motility resulting in the formation of thin spreading colonies. In this study, we attempted to understand the influence of the surfaces, soft or hard/rigid, on the motility behaviour of PMSZPI cells. The computational tool T9GPred in combination with LC-MS/MS analysis established the presence of orthologs of vital gliding motility proteins in PMSZPI. We analyzed the single cell or population motility phenotypes of PMSZPI under spreading and non-spreading conditions. A low percentage of agar or soft agar (0.35 %) with low nutrient levels induced more active gliding motility in individual cells leading to increased colony spreading. Microscopic analyses indicated the self-assembly of the gliding cells into irregular edged or spherical microcolonies based on the agar concentration. Cells moved at a speed of 0.6 µm s^-1 on low-percentage gliding permissive agar (0.35 %) surface in contrast to significant inhibition of motility on rigid or hard agar (1.5 %) surface. RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed increased expression of gliding motility genes under low agar conditions consistent with increased spreading behaviour. These findings provide the first glimpse into the gliding motility behaviour of a <em>Bacteroidota</em> bacterium from metal enriched environment that apparently could have implications on bacterial adaptation to changing surface environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating the understanding of Aspergillus terreus: Epidemiology, physiology, immunology and advances","authors":"Raman Thakur ,&nbsp;Sonia Kumari Shishodia ,&nbsp;Ananya Sharma ,&nbsp;Arjun Chauhan ,&nbsp;Sumanpreet Kaur ,&nbsp;Jata Shankar","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Aspergillus</em> species encompass a variety of infections, ranging from invasive aspergillosis to allergic conditions, contingent upon the immune status of the host. In this spectrum, <em>Aspergillus terreus</em> stands out due to its emergence as a notable pathogen and its intrinsic resistance to amphotericin-B. The significance of <em>Aspergillus</em>-associated infections has witnessed a marked increase in the past few decades, particularly with the increasing number of immunocompromised individuals. The exploration of epidemiology, morphological transitions, immunopathology, and novel treatment approaches such as new antifungal drugs (PC945, olorofim) and combinational therapy using antifungal drugs and phytochemicals (Phytochemicals: quercetin, shikonin, artemisinin), also using immunotherapies to modulate immune response has resulted in better outcomes. Furthermore, in the context COVID-19 era and its aftermath, fungal infections have emerged as a substantial challenge for both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. This is attributed to the use of immune-suppressing therapies during COVID-19 infections and the increase in transplant cases. Consequently, this review aims to provide an updated overview encompassing the epidemiology, germination events, immunopathology, and novel drug treatment strategies against <em>Aspergillus terreus-</em>associated infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517424000026/pdfft?md5=ede7f4424c3009102739c9f6f7deaf29&pid=1-s2.0-S2666517424000026-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139503829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The search for an antiviral lead molecule to combat the neglected emerging Oropouche virus","authors":"Rafaela dos Santos Peinado ,&nbsp;Marielena Vogel Saivish ,&nbsp;Gabriela de Lima Menezes ,&nbsp;Umberto Laino Fulco ,&nbsp;Roosevelt Alves da Silva ,&nbsp;Karolina Korostov ,&nbsp;Raphael Josef Eberle ,&nbsp;Paulo A. Melo ,&nbsp;Maurício Lacerda Nogueira ,&nbsp;Carolina Colombelli Pacca ,&nbsp;Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni ,&nbsp;Mônika Aparecida Coronado","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oropouche virus (OROV) is a member of the <em>Peribunyaviridae</em> family and the causative agent of a dengue-like febrile illness transmitted by mosquitoes. Although mild symptoms generally occur, complications such as encephalitis and meningitis may develop. A lack of proper diagnosis, makes it a potential candidate for new epidemics and outbreaks like other known arboviruses such as Dengue, Yellow Fever and Zika virus. The study of natural molecules as potential antiviral compounds is a promising alternative for antiviral therapies. Wedelolactone (WDL) has been demonstrated to inhibit some viral proteins and virus replication, making it useful to target a wide range of viruses. In this study, we report the <em>in silico</em> effects of WDL on the OROV N-terminal polymerase and its potential inhibitory effects on several steps of viral infection in mammalian cells <em>in vitro</em>, which revealed that WDL indeed acts as a potential inhibitor molecule against OROV infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517424000208/pdfft?md5=6a565bd97ce9ada55b6058d5c19c4e96&pid=1-s2.0-S2666517424000208-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotechnological and pharmaceutical potential of twenty-eight novel type strains of Actinomycetes from different environments worldwide","authors":"Imen Nouioui ,&nbsp;Judith Boldt ,&nbsp;Alina Zimmermann ,&nbsp;Roman Makitrynskyy ,&nbsp;Gabriele Pötter ,&nbsp;Marlen Jando ,&nbsp;Meike Döppner ,&nbsp;Sarah Kirstein ,&nbsp;Meina Neumann-Schaal ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Gomez-Escribano ,&nbsp;Ulrich Nübel ,&nbsp;Yvonne Mast","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Actinomycetes are a prolific source of bioactive natural compounds many of which are used as antibiotics or other drugs. In this study we investigated the genomic and biochemical diversity of 32 actinobacterial strains that had been deposited at the DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures decades ago. Genome-based phylogeny and <em>in silico</em> DNA-DNA hybridization supported the assignment of these strains to 26 novel species and two novel subspecies and a reclassification of a <em>Streptomyces</em> species. These results were consistent with the biochemical, enzymatic, and chemotaxonomic features of the strains. Most of the strains showed antimicrobial activities against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and against yeast. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of numerous unique biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding for potential novel antibiotic and anti-cancer compounds. Strains DSM 41636^T and DSM 61640^T produced the antibiotic compounds A33853 and SF2768, respectively. Overall, this reflects the significant pharmaceutical and biotechnological potential of the proposed novel type strains and underlines the role of prokaryotic systematics for drug discovery. In order to compensate for the gender gap in naming prokaryotic species, we propose the eponyms for all newly described species to honour female scientists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the unique roles of extracellular vesicles for gut health modulation: Mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives","authors":"Qiming Wu ,&nbsp;Juntao Kan ,&nbsp;Caili Fu ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Zhengying Cui ,&nbsp;Sixu Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Le ,&nbsp;Zhanming Li ,&nbsp;Qin Liu ,&nbsp;Yuyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Du","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play significant regulatory roles in maintaining homeostasis and influencing immune responses, significantly impact gut microbiota composition and function, affecting overall gut health. Despite considerable progress, there are still knowledge gaps regarding the mechanisms by which EVs, including plant-derived EVs (PDEVs), animal-derived EVs (ADEVs), and microbiota-derived EVs (MDEVs), modulate gut health. This review delves into the roles and mechanisms of EVs from diverse sources in regulating gut health, focusing on their contributions to maintaining epithelial barrier integrity, facilitating tissue healing, eliciting immune responses, controlling pathogens, and shaping microbiota. We emphasize open challenges and future perspectives for harnessing EVs in the modulation of gut health to gain a deeper understanding of their roles and impact. Importantly, a comprehensive research framework is presented to steer future investigations into the roles and implications of EVs on gut health, facilitating a more profound comprehension of this emerging field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought stress mitigation through bioengineering of microbes and crop varieties for sustainable agriculture and food security","authors":"Satish Kumar,&nbsp;Satyavir Singh Sindhu","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change and agriculture are intrinsically connected and sudden changes in climatic conditions adversely impact global food production and security. The climate change-linked abiotic stressors like drought and high temperatures are resulting in crop failure. The most severe abiotic stress drought significantly affect the stomatal closure, production of reactive oxygen species, transpiration, photosynthesis or other physiological processes and plant morphology, and adversely affect plant growth and crop yield. Therefore, there is an exigent need for cost effective and eco-friendly modern technologies to induce drought tolerance in crop plants leading to climate-adapted sustainable agricultural practices for sustained food production. Among many options being pursued in this regard, the use of plant growth promoting microbes (PGPMs) is the most sustainable approach to promote drought stress resilience in crop plants leading to better plant growth and crop productivity. These PGPMs confer drought resistance via various direct or indirect mechanisms including production of antioxidants, enzymes, exopolysaccharides, modulation of phytohormones level, osmotic adjustment by inducing the accumulation of sugars, along with increases in nutrients, water uptake and photosynthetic pigments. However, several technological and ecological challenges limit their use in agriculture and sometimes treatment with plant beneficial microbes fails to produce desired results under field conditions. Thus, development of synthetic microbial communities or host mediated microbiome engineering or development of transgenic plants with the capacity to express desired traits may promote plant survival and growth under drought stress conditions. The present review critically assesses research evidence on the plant growth and stress resilience promoting potentials of PGPMs and their genes as an approach to develop drought resilient plants leading to increased crop productivity. Effective collaboration among scientific communities, policymakers and regulatory agencies is needed to create strong frameworks that both promote and regulate the utilization of synthetic microbial communities and transgenic plants in agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation for glaucoma; a potential emerging treatment strategy","authors":"Rasoul Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Yeganeh Farsi ,&nbsp;Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glaucoma is the primary cause of irreversible blindness globally. Different glaucoma subtypes are identified by their underlying mechanisms, and treatment options differ by its pathogenesis. Current management includes topical medications to lower intraocular pressure and surgical procedures like trabeculoplasty and glaucoma drainage implants. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an almost effective and safe treatment option for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. The relationship between bacterial populations, metabolites, and inflammatory pathways in retinal diseases indicates possible therapeutic strategies. Thus, incorporating host microbiota-based therapies could offer an additional treatment option for glaucoma patients. Here, we propose that combining FMT with standard glaucoma treatments may benefit those affected by this condition. Also, the potential safety, efficacy, cost-effectiveness and clinical applications are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress and culture atmosphere effects on bioactive compounds and laccase activity in the white rot fungus Phlebia radiata on birch wood substrate","authors":"Eero Kiviniemi,&nbsp;Arttu Mikkola,&nbsp;Hans Mattila ,&nbsp;Matti Wahlsten,&nbsp;Taina Lundell","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wood-decaying white rot fungi live in changing environmental conditions and may switch from aerobic to fermentative metabolism under oxygen depletion. Decomposition of wood and lignocellulose by fungi is dependent on enzymatic and oxidative biochemistry including generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we subjected semi-solid wood-substrate cultures of the white rot fungus <em>Phlebia radiata</em> to oxidative stress by addition of hydrogen peroxide under aerobic and anaerobic cultivation conditions. Wood decomposition and fungal metabolism were followed by analysis of extracellular organic compounds, mycelial growth, and laccase activity. Under both atmospheric conditions, accumulation of bioactive aromatic compounds from birch wood occurred into the culture supernatants after hydrogen peroxide treatment. The supernatants inhibited both fungal growth and laccase activity. However, the fungus recovered from the oxidative stress quickly in a few days, especially when cultivated under regular aerobic conditions. With repeated hydrogen peroxide treatments, laccase suppressive-recovery effect was observed. Culture supernatants demonstrated antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, in concert with emergence of chlorinated birch-derived organic compounds. Bioactivities in the cultures disappeared in the same pace as the chlorinated compounds were transformed and de-chlorinated by the fungus. Our results indicate tolerance of white rot fungi against excessive oxidative stress and wood-derived, growth-inhibiting and harmful agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review on the biotechnological potential of Brewers’ waste: Challenges and future alternatives","authors":"Sourav Chattaraj ,&nbsp;Debasis Mitra ,&nbsp;Arindam Ganguly ,&nbsp;Hrudayanath Thatoi ,&nbsp;Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra","doi":"10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to comply with the stringent discharge guidelines issued by governmental organizations to protect the ecosystem, the substantial amounts of effluent and sturdy wastes produced by the beer brewing process need to be discarded or handled in the most affordable and secure manner. Huge quantities of waste material released with each brew bestow a significant opportunity for the brewing sector to move towards sustainability. The concept of circular economy and the development of technological advancements in brewery waste processing have spurred interest to valorize brewery waste for implementation in various sectors of medical and food science, industrial science, and many more intriguing fields. Biotechnological methods for valorizing brewery wastes are showing a path towards green chemistry and are feasible and advantageous to environment. The study unfolds most recent prospectus for brewery waste usage and discusses major challenges with brewery waste treatment and valorization and offers suggestions for further work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34305,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Microbial Sciences","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517424000105/pdfft?md5=78f42849d77ba382a439477219af6a17&pid=1-s2.0-S2666517424000105-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140016134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}